Elements Pics+Words 11x17 PDF

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Summary

hardty...

Description

Periods

The Periodic Table of the Elements, in Pictures Alkali Metals Group 1 H

Hydrogen

number of protons

A

_____ium

at room temperature

Color Key Metals

metallic solid red liquid colorless gas

H

Human Body

Z

top ten elements by weight

Earth's Crust

Name

top eight elements by weight

Magnetic

4 3 Be Beryllium Lithium

ferromagnetic at room temperature

Noble Metals

Widgets

2

Nonmetals

Transition Metals

Radioactive Emeralds

Actinide Metals

Only Traces Found in Nature Never Found in Nature only made by people

3

5C

6

Carbon

Sports Basis of Life's Equipment Molecules 14 Al 13 Si Silicon Aluminum

less than a millionth percent of earth's crust

12 Na 11 Mg Magnesium Sodium

Boron

Rare Earth Metals

all isotopes are radioactive

Batteries

B

Carbon Group 14

Superheavy Elements

corrosion-resistant

How it is (or was) used or where it occurs in nature

Boron Group 13

Noble Gases Halogens als ds i et nm tallo r o Po tals Me Me

Alkali Earth Metals 2

Examples

Gas

Symbols

The color of the symbol is the color of the element in its most common pure form.

No

Sun and Stars

Liquid

Alkali Earth Metals Alkali Metals

1

Li

Atomic Symbol

1

Solid

Atomic Number

Transition Metals Salt K

Chlorophyll

3

4

5

6

7

8

22 V 24 Mn 21 Ti 25 Fe 23 Cr 20 Sc 19 Ca Manganese Titanium Chromium Scandium Vanadium Calcium Potassium

Iron

9 26 Co

10

Cobalt

27 Ni

11

Nickel

28 Cu

12

Copper

29 Zn

Zinc

Stone, Sand, and Soil 31 Ge 32 Gallium Germanium

Airplanes 30 Ga

4 Stainless Brass Shells and Electric Fruits and Steel Light-Emitting Semiconductor Aerospace Bicycles Earthmovers Structures Coins Springs Magnets Steel Instruments Diodes (LEDs) Electronics Bones Wires Vegetables 41 Mo 48 In 39 Zr 38 Y 43 Ru 42 Tc 45 Pd 47 Cd 40 Nb Rb 37 Sr 44 Rh 46 Ag 49 Sn 50 Niobium Cadmium Yttrium Strontium Molybdenum Technetium Rhodium Silver Zirconium Rubidium Ruthenium Palladium Indium Tin

5 Global Fireworks Navigation Cs 55 Ba 56 Cesium Barium

Mag Lev Radioactive Cutting Searchlight Chemical Electric Pollution Liquid Crystal Plated Paint Jewelry Trains Diagnosis Tools Reflectors Pipelines Switches Control Displays (LCDs) Food Cans Hf 72 Ta 82 73 W 80 Tl 81 Pb 78 Au 79 Hg 74 Re 76 Ir 77 Pt 75 Os Hafnium Lead Tantalum Mercury Thallium Platinum Gold Tungsten Osmium Iridium Rhenium

Rare Earth Metals

6 Atomic X-Ray Clocks Diagnosis 88 Fr 87 Ra Francium Radium

89 - 103

Mobile Nuclear Low-Temperature Lamp Rocket Thermometers Thermometers Weights Labware Jewelry Pen Points Spark Plugs Phones Filaments Engines Submarines Rf 104 Db 113 Fl 114 111 Cn 112 Nh 109 Ds 105 Sg 107 Hs 110 Rg 106 Bh 108 Mt Roentgenium Rutherfordium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Seaborgium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Dubnium Bohrium

Actinide Metals

7

8

Lasers 57 - 71

Laser Atom Traps 119

Luminous Watches 120

Superheavy Elements radioactive, never found in nature, no uses except atomic research

121... 65 Dy 64 Tb 61 Sm 63 Gd 67 59 Nd 60 Pm 62 Eu 66 Ho 58 Pr La 57 Ce Terbium Gadolinium Europium Holmium Samarium Dysprosium Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Lanthanum

Rare Earth Metals

Fluorescent Smart Material MRI Color Laser Lighter Torchworkers' Electric Motor Luminous Electric Motor Telescope Lamps Diagnosis Dials Televisions Surgery Flints Eyeglasses Magnets Magnets Actuators Lenses 99 97 Cf 96 Bk 93 Pu 95 Cm 92 Np 94 Am 98 Es 91 U 90 Pa Ac 89 Th Californium Einsteinium Berkelium Curium Neptunium Americium Uranium Plutonium Protactinium Thorium Actinium

Actinide Metals Radioactive Medicine

Gas Lamp Mantles

Radioactive Waste

Nuclear Power

Radioactive Waste

Mineral Analyzers

Smoke Detectors

Nuclear Weapons

Radioactive Waste

Mineral Analyzers

radioactive,

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Hydrogen belongs to no definite group.

Periods

It forms compounds by either donating an electron like an alkali metal or accepting an electron like a halogen.

1

2

3

Alkali Metals are very reactive

Group 1 Hydrogen 1 explosive gas, lightest element; 90% of atoms in the universe, sun and stars, water (H20), life's organic molecules

H

and readily form compounds but are not found free in nature. They form salts and alkali (acid-neutralizing) compounds such as baking soda. In pure form, they are very soft metals which catch fire on contact with water.

2

3 Be Beryllium 4 Li Lithium lightest metal, lightweight metal; soft, reactive; non-sparking lightweight copper alloy tools, aluminum alloys, aerospace, batteries, X-ray windows, impact-resistant beryl gems: ceramic cookware, emeralds and mood stabilizer aquamarines Na Sodium 11 Mg Magnesium 12 soft metal, lightweight metal; reactive; chlorophyll in salt (NaCl), nerves, green plants, baking soda, talc, basalt, antacids, lye, soap, aluminum alloys, soda ash, glass, cars, planes, bikes, papermaking, flares, sparklers, street lamps antacids

Alkali Earth Metals are reactive and readily form compounds but are not found free in nature. Their oxides are called alkali earths. In pure form, they are soft and somewhat brittle metals.

The Periodic Table of the Elements, in Words Atoms Nucleus of protons and neutrons

Chemical Bonding Atoms form molecules by bonding together. Atoms give, take, or share electrons to achieve full outer electron shells.

Particles Proton +1 Neutron 0 -1 Electron

Electron shells

Cl

Na

H

O

Na+

Cl-

Salt

An atom has a nucleus, made of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons orbiting in cloud-like shells. Smaller shells are surrounded by larger shells.

H

Protons have positive electric charge, neutrons are neutral, and electrons are negative. Normally, an atom has equal numbers of protons and electrons. An ion is a charged atom with more or fewer electrons than protons.

Ag

Ag

Metallic bond Shared outer electrons flow, conducting heat and electricity.

Elements in the same group, or column, are similar because they typically have the same number of outer electrons. This table shows some easy-to-remember common numbers for each group. Group number 1 2 3-12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Outer electrons* 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 Valence number* +1 +2 +2 +3 +4,-4 -3 -2 -1 0 * typical The valence number is the number of electrons given (+) or taken (-) when bonding.

An element is a substance made from one or more atoms of the same atomic number. A compound is a substance made from two or more elements chemically bonded.

7

Ag

Groups

The atomic weight of an element is the average number of protons plus neutrons. You can easily estimate the atomic weight: it is usually 2 to 2.5 times the atomic number.

6

Silver

Covalent bond Ionic bond Atoms share their One atom takes an outer electrons. electron from another atom and the oppositely charged ions attract.

The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom. This determines the chemical properties of the atom.

5

O

Ag Ag

H

Water

Poor Metals are usually soft and have low melting temperatures.

malleable (they can be hammered into shape), flexible (in thin sheets or wires), and they conduct both heat and electricity.

4

Ag Ag

Transition Metals are typical metals: they are strong, shiny,

3

H

8

9

10

11

12

Metalloids are

partly like metals and partly like nonmetals. For example, they are semiconductors, which means they conduct electricity in some conditions.

13

Non

their are u (they than they of bo elect

14

Boron 5 B hard black solid; borax soap, fertilizer, stiff fibers, sports equipment, heat-resistant borosilicate glass, semiconductors

Carbon 6 hard diamond, soft graphite; basis of life's organic molecules, animals, plants, CO2, wood, paper, cloth, plastic, coal, oil, gasoline

Al Aluminum 13 lightweight noncorroding metal; kitchenware, cans, foil, machinery, cars, planes, bikes, feldspar, granite, clay, ceramics, corundum, gems

Si Silicon 14 hard metalloid; g quartz, granite, sand, soil, clay, ceramics, glass, algae, diatoms, semiconductors, computer chips, silicone rubber d

C

Iron Zinc 26 Co Cobalt 27 Ni Nickel 28 Cu Copper 29 Zn 30 Ga Gallium 31 Ge Germanium 32 K Potassium 19 Ca Calcium 20 Sc Scandium 21 Ti Titanium 22 V Vanadium 23 Cr Chromium 24 Mn Manganese 25 Fe soft metal, soft metal; soft lightweight strongest hard metal; hard shiny metal; hard metal; medium-hard hard metal, medium-hard colored metal, non-corroding soft metal, melts brittle metalloid;...