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FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL DAN PEMBUATAN

BUILDING SERVICES ENGINEERING

BMMV 4303

SEMESTER 2

SESI 2019/2020

LAB 4: ELEVATOR DOOR SYSTEM 1. 2. 3. 4.

NAME/ MATRIX NUMBER

COURSE SECTION / GROUP DATE OF LAB SESSION DATE OF REPORT SUBMISSION

LOGA VARATHAN A/L SEGAR B071710968 KARTIK A/L KRISNIAN B071710927 KESAVAN NAIR A/L MATHAVAN B071710950 IMANUL IRFAN BIN SAIFUDDIN B071710936

BMMV 1/1 4/5/2020 7/5/2020 1. KHAIRIL AMRI BIN KAMARUZZAMAN

NAME OF INSTRUCTOR EXAMINER’S COMMENT

2. VERIFICATION STAMP

TOTAL MARKS:

/ 100

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA THE ELEVATOR DOOR MECHANISM

No Dokumen: 1 No Semakan/Tarikh 4/13-03-2020

No Isu./Tarikh 2/28-4-2016 Jumlah Helaian: 5

OBJECTIVES OF EXPERIMENTAL WORK The objective of this experiment is to:  To familiarize and compare the door mechanism of common/ flush door, roller shutter and elevator door.  To understand the door of mechanism of elevator system.  To perform a fault diagnostic procedure for door mechanism problem and its basic maintenance. LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this laboratory session, We able to: 1. Distinguish each of the door mechanisms. 2. Understand the working principle of elevator door mechanism. 3. Conduct a fault diagnostic process and maintenance of elevator door mechanism.

INTRODCUTION/THEORY A door is a hinged or otherwise movable barrier that allows ingress and egress into an enclosure. The opening in the wall can be referred to as a "portal". A door's essential and primary purpose is to provide security by controlling access to the portal (doorway). Conventionally, it is a panel that fits into the portal of a building, room, or vehicle. Doors are generally made of a material suited to the task of which it is to perform. Doors are commonly attached by hinges within the portal but can be moved by other means such as slides or counterbalancing. Doors often incorporate locking mechanisms to ensure that only some people can open them. Doors can have devices such as knockers or doorbells by which people outside can announce their presence and summon someone either to open the door for them or give permission to open and enter. Apart from providing access into and out of a space, doors can have the secondary functions of ensuring privacy by preventing unwanted attention from outsiders, of separating areas with different functions, of allowing light to pass into and out of a space, of controlling ventilation or air drafts so that interiors may be more effectively heated or cooled, of dampening noise, and of blocking the spread of fire. Door operation depends highly on its mechanism to move and provide access for movement. The most common door available for domestic use or industrial need are normal door, roller shutter and elevator door. Figure 1 and Figure 2 show the design mechanism for both roller shutter and basic door.

Fi GURE 1: Roller shutter mechanism

Elevator door is one of the most important parts in elevator. It is usually controlled by a motor and having quite complicated mechanism to operate. (Refer to Figure 3) Basically, there are two types of mechanism namely central opening and side opening. Figure 4 shows the example of door with side opening system, while door with central opening mechanism can be found directly in your lab desk.

Fi GURE 2: Door mechanism (SoURCE : Freedor)

Fi 3: Elevator door mechanism (So : Machinedesign)

EQUIPMENT

Figure 4: Elevator door with side opening mechanism

PROCEDURE The experiment took place in the Building Maintenance IAB Laboratory. The experiment is about the study of Elevator Door Mechanism. The task was to conduct the experiment in groups which consist of 4-5 students. The instruction from the lab sheet and the instructor was the key to complete this experiment successfully. This experiment does not involve any apparatus. It is done on an Elevator door Training mechanism as shown in Figure 5 below. We started our experiment by observing two other types of doors; normal/ common door and roller shutter. Necessary notes are taken for the two type of doors.

Figure 5: Elevator door Training mechanism

In elevator door experiment there was only a few procedures. Before starting the experiment, some early preparation has been done. The cabling on the equipment were checked and the main power supply was switched ON. As a safety precautions, make sure the doors are fully closed before start-up and Emergency Button/ Lever is in ready position. After done with preparation, the experiment was carried on. The parts on the door elevator system and its control panel were identified. Then the controller involve was recognized. After that the movement was started by touching the button of elevator. The door movement was monitored. Then, the movement with other model on the table (side opening) was compared. Following that simple maintenance on the pulley (pulley replacement) was performed. The data required are taken and stated in lab sheet. After the experiment was completed, main supply switched OFF. All the data were later used for discussion, table, etc. RESULTS 1. Observation & Inspection Part 1: Please state the differences between the type of doors and their mechanisms. Students should describe these systems: I. Common/flush door II. Roller shutter III. Elevator door

Common/flush door

Roller shutter

Elevator door

Has a flat surface and does not contain any panels or mouldings

A type of protection consisting of many horizontal slats hinged together

Use two different sets of doors: doors on the cars and doors opening into the elevator shaft. The doors on the cars are operated by an electric motor, which is hooked up to the elevator computer

Manufactured using Wooden Framework consisting of solid core materials and has got the finishing of plywood top

Heavy duty doors comprising interlocking aluminium, steel or polycarbonate slats and are generally designed for all types of commercial as well as light and heavy industrial properties.

Made of two panels that close in on each other when the door opens and extend out when the door closes. The computer turns the motor to open the doors when the car arrives at a floor and close the doors before the car starts moving again

Does not take so much of time, the only thing to be taken care of in Flush Door is that they are made as per the precise measurements

Work by rolling or sliding up and down through tracks. The slats fit into a small box above the door when rolled up (when opening). This small box is typically installed inside the door known as internal face fix.

The electric motor turns a wheel, which is attached to a long metal arm. The metal arm is linked to another arm, which is attached to the door. The door can slide back and forth on a metal rail

Great ways to provide security to the building – they consist of interconnected insulated strips of double-layered aluminium

Have a motion sensor system that keeps the doors from closing if somebody is between them

Good insulators of sound and fire resistant

Part 2: Observe the opening and closing mechanism of the door. Make sure not to miss any little movements. Students should explain these systems: I.

Mechanical system The mechanical component of the elevator system consists primarily of car doors, system landings, door locks, door safety devices etc. The car door and landing door, among them, play an significant role in shielding passengers from collision with the elevator hoist way and preventing the waiting passengers from dropping into the elevator. The single door & double door that opens from the middle. In high performance elevator door systems, door system double door system is often adapted to improve the speed. There are two big types of door motor systems in Elevator. High performance DC Motor Drive system & AC Motor Drive systems Elevator door system should have benefits such as 

Smoothness



Low noise



High efficiency



Security



Short waiting time



Improved transport capacity of the Elevator

II.

Brake and Lock system

A. The Speed Controlled Protection (SOS) is fitted with a governor mounted at the top of columns for the lift guide. The SOS governor spins at a constant pace that corresponds to the speed of carriage movement as the lift carriage goes up and down. A weighted shaft on the SOS system slides down a clamping tube when the shaft's rotational angle approaches predetermined positions

B. When the vertical lift is in operation the SOS shaft rotates continuously. A short chain ties the SOS governor to Safety Cams for the lift.

C. When a lift drive mechanism part fails the carriage enters a Free Fall mode. Carriage Free Fall is triggering speed up of the SOS governor. As a result the SOS shaft is driven mainly by centrifugal force in its outer position. Afterwards the SOS shaft touches a stop button.

D. Rotation of the governor stops and the small chain pulls a trigger pin to cause the Safety Cams raise. Then the Safety Cams rotate to a locked position and grasp the columns of the guide to avoid Carriage Free Fall.

III.

Pulley system

The function of a pulley is to mainly distribute the weight evenly which sort of makes the elevator lighter and the motor doesn't have to do much work to lift it. The longer the string length, the more weight they can pull. The pulley is connected to an electric motor, and when the motor turns one way, the rope moves in a way that raises the car. Consequently, when the motor turns the other way, the car is lowered. In gearless lifts, the motor rotates the pulley directly, while in geared lifts, the motor turns a gear train that then rotates the pulley. The pulley, motor, and control system are usually housed in a room above the shaft.

2. Analysis I.

Common issues related to door operation.     

Winter weather causing problems. Pests making their way into the garage. Losing or breaking your remote. The garage door not opening. Tracks or rollers not performing correctly.

II.

Describe the contrast between the types of door mechanisms. Type of Door Mechanism

Description

Common/flush door

Flush doors offer simplicity in design and less expensive. Flush Doors also provide attractive appearance and good durability. It also have good stability against twisting. Other than that, flush door cannot split, peel or rot. The door surface offers a degree of resistance to stains, scratches and crash that would easily damage wood. It is also unaffected by the elements and humid environments, and offers good cleanliness

Roller shutter

Roller shutter door are made of galvanized steel, which is steel protected against corrosion by adding a layer of minerals. This makes an incredibly robust obstacle, and the main advantage of installing roller shutters is that they’ll keep secure of premises. It is possible to get both manual and electric roller shutters, and security is the main benefit. A roller shutter door also can provide a layer of protection against things like smashed windows or urinating in doorways. More generally, protecting windows against the general elements such as rain and dust can reduce the need for window cleaning and maintenance. Roller shutter doors are durable and reliable, and require minimal maintenance, making them a long-lasting security system which can be dependably used every day. Steel roller shutters are most commonly seen on warehouses, factories, shops and other businesses. It can also be fitted to domestic properties. It can be made to any size and painted in any colour which means they can fit in with the aesthetics of any building.

Elevators use two different sets of doors. Doors on the cars and doors opening into the elevator shaft. The doors on the cars are operated by an electric motor, which is hooked up to the elevator computer. The electric motor turns a wheel, which is attached to a long metal arm. The metal arm is linked to another arm, which is attached to the door. The door can slide back and forth on a metal rail.

Elevator door

When the motor turns the wheel, it rotates the first metal arm, which pulls the second metal arm and the attached door to the left. The door is made of two panels that close in on each other when the door opens and extend out when the door closes. The computer turns the motor to open the doors when the car arrives at a floor and close the doors before the car starts moving again. Many elevators have a motion sensor system that keeps the doors from closing if somebody is between them. The car doors have a clutch mechanism that unlocks the outer doors at each floor and pulls them open. In this way, the outer doors will only open if there is a car at that floor (or if they are forced open). This keeps the outer doors from opening up into an empty elevator shaft.

III.

Write down the comparison analysis between the elevator doors. NO 1

CENTRAL OPENING STRENGTH WEAKNESS Employ faster No inherent doordoor travel open/dooradvantages close cycles. over single The door speed, sidepanels of slide entrances center-parting of similar equipment only opening widths travel to and from the midpoint of the hoistway opening.

SIDE OPENING STRENGTH WEAKNESS Has inherent Side-sliding door travel entrances must advantages travel the entire over center distance from parting due to one side of the the fact the hoistway door travel opening to the distance can be other. stacked on one another

IV.

List down all the parts that can be considered as “Preventive Maintenance Parts List” 1. Chain 2. Spring 3. Disc 4. Brake lining 5. Spool drum 6. Geared motor 7. Seals kit 8. Door Hanger Roller 9. Belt 10. Motor 11. Door Cam 12. Drive arm 13. Transmission arm 14. Stop bumper 15. Sensor

CONCLUSION In this experiment, we had learnt the working principle of an elevator door, the functions of three types of doors; common/ flush door, roller shutter and elevator door. Based on the experiment we able to understand more well on the process and advantages and disadvantages of door operation mechanism used in an elevator. Based on the knowledge provided by the experiment, we may infer that elevator door will bring both benefits and disadvantages. We can be able to understand elevator door strength and weakness. From the practical session, we able to see how the elevator door looks and the operating mechanism of the elevator door. In this experiment, we study that important of doors. REFERENCES         

https://elevatorrepairguide.wordpress.com/2017/12/18/elevator-problemssolutions/ https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Types_of_lift_doors https://elevation.fandom.com/wiki/Elevator_door_types https://www.stanleyelevator.com/blog/elevator-maintenance-checklist/ https://www.elevatorlab.com/blog/8-preventive-maintenance-tips-for-elevatorowners http://www.gmv-eu.com/info-lift.html#10 cisco-eagle.com/catalog/3332/speed/operated-safety-brakes www.elevators.com/simple-machine http://www.howtechnologywork.com/how-elevators-work/...