Enalapril PDF

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ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATE:

Medication

STUDENT NAME _____________________________________

Enalapril (Vasotec) MEDICATION __________________________________________________________________________ REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER ___________ Therapeutic Class: Drug for hypertension and heart failure / ACE Inhibitor

CATEGORY CLASS ______________________________________________________________________

PURPOSE OF MEDICATION

Expected Pharmacological Action - ACE reduced production of angiotension II by blocking the conversion of angiotension I to angiotension II and increasing levels of bradykinin leading to: Vasodilation, excretion of sodium and water, and retention of potassium, reduction in pathological changes in the blood vessel and heart

Therapeutic Use -

Hypertension Heart Failure Myocardial infarction Diabetic and non-diabetic nephroropathy For clients with high risk for cardiovascular event.

Complications - Orthostatic hypotension - Cough - Hyperkalemia - Rash and dysgeusia - Angioedema - swelling of the tongue and oral pharynx

Contraindications/Precautions - Pregnancy Risk Category D - Fetal injury - Contraindicated with clients who have a history of allergy or angioedema from ACE inhibitors, in bilateral renal artery stenosis, or in clients who have a single kidney - Use cautiously who have kidney impairment and collagen vascular disease cuz of development of neutropenia. Closely monitor these clients for manifestations of infection

Interactions - Diuretics can contribute to first-dose hypotension - Anti-hypertensive medications can have an addictive hypotensive effect. - Potassium supplements and potassium-spearing diuretics increase the risk for hyperkalemia - ACE inhibitors can increase levels of lithium - Use of NSAID's can decrease the anti-hypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors

Evaluation of Medication Effectiveness - Decrease Blood Pressure - Decrease symptoms of heart failure

ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATES

Medication Administration Oral - Discontinue diuretics 2 to 3 days prior to initial oral dose to reduce incident of hypotension - Give with food or drink - Protect from heat and light Intravenous - Verify correct IV concentration and rate of infusion/injection with prescriber for neonates, infants and children

Nursing Interventions - Monitor for BP & pulse during dose adjustment - Assess patient for signs of angioedema & CHF - Correct volume depletion before starting therapy if possible - Can cause fetal harm

Client Education - Avoid salt substitutes & high K+ foods - Orthostatic & hazardous task precautions - Comply with lifestyle changes for HTN management - Avoid OTC meds without consult - Report dry cough...