Endocrine FIB Assignment PDF

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Endocrine Fill in the blank, ati pharm made easy...

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Endocrine System Fill-in-the blank Assignment (Guided listening for ATI lesson) Melissa B Lam 1. The endocrine system includes organs that secrete hormones. The hypothalamus and the Pituitary glands work together to control growth and metabolism. 2. The two lobes of thyroid gland are located beneath the trachea. 3. The glands above the kidneys, the adrenals are responsible for the release of corticosteroid hormones. 4. The Islets of Langerhans of the Pancreas release the hormone insulin. 5. Kidney disease, heart disease and congestive heart failure disease are the three major diseases associated with uncontrolled diabetes 6. T1D is the lack of insulin production in the pancreas. Whereas, 7. Type 2 diabetes is secondary inadequate secretion of insulin for carbohydrates and insulin resistance within the tissues. 8. 1st generation glipizide, Glucotrol- works by stimulating insulin release meaning client’s pancreas must have the ability to produce insulin. 9. The glipizide’s most common side effect is mild hypoglycemia and nausea/vomiting. 10. Taking tolbutamide (prototype of sulfonylureas) with alcohol can lead to an Antabuse reaction and hypoglycemia. 11. Symptoms of hypoglycemia include tachycardia, tremors; diaphoresis; excessive hunger; and fatigue. 12. To counteract hypoglycemia the client should consume 15 - 20g of carbohydrates. 13. Examples of appropriate carbohydrates to meet the required amount to treat hypoglycemia are 4oz of fruit juice; 1 Tbs of honey; or 6 crackers. 14. Other drugs combined with tolbutamide that can lead to hypoglycemia are NSAIDS; sulfonamide antibiotics and cimetidine. 15. Biguanides- prototype is Metformin works by decreasing synthesis of glucose, by liver_; decrease absorption in the intestines; and increases sensitivity of insulin receptors by tissues_. 16. Metformin is given before _morning and _evening or long acting is taken in the evening. 17. Long acting metformin should not be crushed or chewed_. 18. Lactic Acidosis is a potential serious side effect when taking metformin with alcohol. 19. Is the most common side effect of metformin nausea, diarrhea occurs, it is suggested that client stop medication. 20. Contraindications of metformin are diabetic acidosis or liver; alcoholism or heart failure. 21. Ginseng, and green tea can increase to risk of hypoglycemia for clients taking _thiazolidinediones__. 22. Alpha glyosidase inhibitors like acarbose and glyset block the enzyme alpha glyosidase which allows the break down of carbohydrates leading to a decrease in carbohydrate absorption. 23. If the client becomes hypoglycemic with acarbose it is more difficult to treat and the client must take _4_ g _dextrose____ instead of the typical 15-20 g carbohydrates. 24. Acarbose should be taken with the first bite daily of each meal and if the client skips a meal, they shouldn’t take it. 25. _insulin_ is no longer made from animal sources and is referred to as recombinant.

26-31 Fill in the blanks within the table below: Insulin Rapid- 26._acting_ aspart Short-acting regular Intermediate- NPH Long-acting- 30. _insulin_ detemir

onset 15-30min 5.15in

peak 27. _30min_-_2.5hr__ 1-2 hr

duration 3-6 hr 4-6 hr

28. _30min_ _1hr_ 1-2 hr

1-5 hr

6-10hr

29. _6hr__-_14hr__

16-24 hr

31. 70min___

None steady

32 r 12.24r

32. Common signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia are polyuria, polydipsia , and polyphagia. 33. The most common side effect of the injectable hypoglycemia’s medications is ___Nausea___. 34. Two other complications related to injectable hypoglycemic medications is _injection site react._ and __rash__. 35. When administering insulin, only regular insulin can be administered intravenously. 36. When drawing up 2 subcutaneous insulins, the nurse should always draw up __regular before NPH_. 37. Glargine and detemir____ cannot be mixed with other insulins. 38. Expect fluctuations in glucose level during growth spurts; stress; infection; exercise and _pregnancy__ 39. Insulin can be refrigerated until opened. Once opened, it should be stored at _room temp_ up to 1_ month(s). 40. If premixed, insulin syringes should be stored refrigerated up to 1-2 weeks/months (circle one) and kept vertically with needle up. 41. Always administer insulin at room temperature and don’t shake the vial, but roll it if it needs mixing or warming. 42. If the client becomes hypoglycemic, the glucose should be taken _15_ - _20__ minutes after ingesting 15-20 g of carbohydrates. The process should be repeated until the glucose level returns to normal. 43. To reduce the risk of lipohypertrophy the client can have a systematic rotation of injection sites approximately_1_ inch apart and administer their insulin at room temperature. 44. _Beta Blocker when given with injectable insulins will enhance the risk of hypoglycemia and it is often masked. 45. _Amylinomimetics are used to augment therapies for type 1 & 2 diabetes 46. Pramlintide mimics the natural peptide hormone from the pancreas leading to reduced __blood__glucose levels; slows gastric emptying; inhibits secretion of glucagon; and increases _satiety feeling. 47. Expect maximum hypoglycemic effect to occur with pramlintide approximately 3hr(s) after administration. 48. HbA1C levels indicate glucose levels for the past 120 days. A normal HbA1C levels is 57 - _64_% with risk factors increasing if higher than 7%. 49. Intravenous _glycogen dextrose acts immediately to treat hypoglycemia in the unconscious client. 50. Glucagon- IV; IM; SQ converts liver glycogen to glucose which takes approximately _20_minutes for onset of action.

51. __nausea and _vomiting can be severe with glucagon administration and therefore the client should be turned on their side while unconscious. 52. Levothyroxine is a synthetic thyroxine (T4) and is converted to T3 in the body and is given for hyperthyroidism hypothyroidism (circle one). 53-54. Place the symptoms under the correct condition: Hypothyroid Hyperthyroid -Weight gain, bradycardia - heat intolerance, menstrual irregular, weight loss -depression, dry skin - tremors, tachycardia, anxiety, palpitations -cold intolerance Symptoms: tachycardia; menstrual irregularities; weight loss; weight gain, dry skin, bradycardia; depression; heat intolerance; cold intolerance; anxiety; tremors; palpitations 55. Levothyroxine should be given at least _30_minutes before meals and four hours before medications that it interacts with. 56. Propylthiouracil (PTU) and Iodine-131 are used to treat _graves__ disease and are contraindicated in pregancy__. 57. Hypothalamic drugs prototype somatropin is used to treat short stature in children with__Turners syndrome___. 58. The major side effects of somatropin are hyperglycemia_; _hypercalciuria__(leads to kidney stones); and myalgia__. 59. Desmopressin is used to treat _diabetes insipidus increasing _anti diuretic hormone (one abbrev is ADH and the other DI) 60. The client with increased ADH should be monitored for __F&E_ and the nurse should maintain a strict I&O....