English for Academic and Professional Purposes Reader Department of Education Republic of the Philippines PDF

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English for Academic and Professional PY Purposes O C Reader E D EP This learning resource was collaboratively developed and reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and/or universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders D to email their feedback, comment...

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English for Academic and Professional Purposes

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Reader

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This learning resource was collaboratively developed and reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and/or universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments and recommendations to the Department of Education at [email protected]. We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education Republic of the Philippines i All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying – without written permission from the DepEd Central Office. First Edition, 2016.

English for Academic and Professional Purposes Reader First Edition 2016 Republic Act 8293. Section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this learning resource are owned by their respective copyright holders. DepEd is represented by the Filipinas Copyright Licensing Society (FILCOLS), Inc. in seeking permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. All means have been exhausted in seeking permission to use these materials. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them

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Only institutions and companies which have entered an agreement with FILCOLS and only within the agreed framework may copy from this Reader. Those who have not entered in an agreement with FILCOLS must, if they wish to copy, contact the publishers and authors directly. Authors and publishers may email or contact FILCOLS at [email protected] or (02) 435-5258, respectively.

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Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Br. Armin A. Luistro FSC Undersecretary: Dina S. Ocampo, PhD

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Development Team of English for Academic and Professional Purposes Reader Ma. Milagros C. Laurel, PhD Adelaida F. Lucero, PhD Rosalina T. Bumatay-Cruz, PhD Cover Design: Layout Artist:

Jason O. Villena Sharlyn P. Sanclaria Patrick T. Simon

Fermin M. Fabella, Jr

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Management Team of English for Academic and Professional Purposes Reader Bureau of Curriculum Development Bureau of Learning Resources

Printed in the Philippines by: Sunshine Interlinks Publishing House, Inc. 3F Maine City Tower, 236 Tomas Morato Avenue, Brgy. South Triangle, Quezon City Department of Education-Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) Office Address: Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600 Telefax: (02) 634-1054;634-1072;631-4985 E-mail Address: [email protected]; [email protected]

ii All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying – without written permission from the DepEd Central Office. First Edition, 2016.

TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ....................................................................................................................... v

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Chapter I: Reading Academic Texts From Hand to Mouth ............................................................................................................ 3 A Brief History of English..................................................................................................... 10 Understanding Calories....................................................................................................... 19 Wrigley’s Chewing Gum ...................................................................................................... 20 The Golden Age of Comics .................................................................................................. 21 Competition and Cooperation ............................................................................................ 22 On Various Kinds of Thinking .............................................................................................. 23 From the Autopsy Surgeon’s Report................................................................................... 34 Legal Indictment ................................................................................................................. 35 Local Girl Found Slain by Rejected Lover ............................................................................ 36 The Sob Sister’s Story.......................................................................................................... 37 Porphyria’s Lover ................................................................................................................ 38 Quiapo: The Procession of the Black Nazarene .................................................................. 40 Black Nazarene Procession Awes American Tourist ........................................................... 42

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Chapter 2: Writing A Reaction Paper, Review, or Critique Art ....................................................................................................................................... 45 Four Values in Filipino Drama and Film .............................................................................. 48 The Digital Divide: The Challenge of Technology and Equity ............................................. 62 Ang Bayan Muna Bago ang Sarili ........................................................................................ 64 Why JFK’s Inaugural Succeeded .......................................................................................... 66 President John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address ................................................................. 69 Dead Water ......................................................................................................................... 72 Epic Review Shows How the Revolution Assassinated ‘Heneral Luna’ ............................... 73 Movie Review: Heneral Luna .............................................................................................. 75 Review: ‘Heneral Luna’ Shows Human Side of Hero........................................................... 78 ‘Heneral Luna’: Film Review................................................................................................ 80 Chapter 3: Writing A Concept Paper Boondocks........................................................................................................................... 85 Months of the Year ............................................................................................................. 87 Days of the Week ................................................................................................................ 91 Ketchup ............................................................................................................................... 93 Mercury Pollution ............................................................................................................... 95 Hormones in the Body ........................................................................................................ 97 iii

All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying – without written permission from the DepEd Central Office. First Edition, 2016.

Paleolithic Art ...................................................................................................................... 99 Extracts from Words to the Intellectuals .......................................................................... 101 Why Sinigang? ................................................................................................................... 104 The Sentiments of Kundiman............................................................................................ 109 Our Very Own Arnis .......................................................................................................... 115 Fusion vs. Fission ............................................................................................................... 117 Things: The Throw-Away Society ...................................................................................... 120

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Chapter 4: Writing A Position Paper The Case for Short Words ................................................................................................. 124 Doubts About Doublespeak .............................................................................................. 127 The Other Side of E-Mail ................................................................................................... 130 Women Talk Too Much ..................................................................................................... 132 ‘r u online?’: The Evolving Lexicon of Wired Teens .......................................................... 139 Is Bad Language Unacceptable on TV? ............................................................................. 143 Good English and Bad ....................................................................................................... 147 With These Words, I Can Sell You Anything...................................................................... 157 The Great Global Warming Swindle.................................................................................. 171 More Energy...................................................................................................................... 173 The Hazards of Industrial Agriculture ............................................................................... 179 Mahatma Gandhi’s Hunger Strikes ................................................................................... 181 I Have a Dream .................................................................................................................. 182 How to Detect Propaganda............................................................................................... 186

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Chapter 5: Writing A Report Fast-food Addiction........................................................................................................... 193 Nonverbal Behaviour: Culture, Gender, and the Media ................................................... 194 Philippines 2013 International Religious Freedom Report Executive Summary .............. 197 Guidelines for Physics Lab Reports ................................................................................... 201 Bibliography ................................................................................................................ 206

iv All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying – without written permission from the DepEd Central Office. First Edition, 2016.

PREFACE The course English for Academic and Professional Purposes aims to teach the students to communicate effectively in diverse academic and professional situations.

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The course content covers five major headings: (1) Reading Academic Texts, (2) Writing the Reaction Paper/ Review/ Critique, (3) Writing the Concept Paper, (4) Writing the Position Paper and, (5) Writing the Survey/ Field/ Laboratory/ Scientific/ Technical Report.

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This Reader contains selections that will help develop the learner’s competencies in these five areas, each of which corresponds to one chapter in this anthology.

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An understanding of how language works will help the students appreciate the role of language in communication. For this reason, Chapter 1 begins with the article “From Hand to Mouth,” explaining how communication developed from manual gestures to oral languages. This is followed by “A Brief History of English” which talks about the development of the English language and explains how and why this language has changed and continues to change. [Note: British and American spellings are both found in the reader. The compilers opted to retain the versions in the original texts.]

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The next set of articles would develop the student’s reading skills, to be able to understand these texts well; the students should be able to know the meaning of words as used in context, as well as the central ideas contained in each of the selection. Moreover, the student should be able to paraphrase or express the ideas contained in the original text in their own words, synthesize or render long texts in shorter forms such as long précis, an abstract, or a summary. The teacher will guide the learner in unlocking the structure of texts so as to differentiate between main ideas and subordinate ideas. “Understanding Calories” gives basic information about calories as a measurement of energy. Readers will find interesting information on a popular product in “Wrigley’s Chewing Gum.” “The Golden Age of Comics” briefly discusses a specific period in the history of comic books. “Competition and v

All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying – without written permission from the DepEd Central Office. First Edition, 2016.

Cooperation” briefly explains the interrelation between the two concepts. “On Various Kinds of Thinking” is a classic works on human thought. Five texts – “From the Autopsy Surgeon’s Report” “Legal Indictment,” “Local Girl Found Slain by Rejected Lovers,” “The Sob Sister’s Story,” and “Porphyria’s Lover ” – render the same narrative in different genres or text types. Likewise “Quiapo; the Procession of the Black Nazarene” and “Black Nazarene Procession Awes American Tourist” deal with the same subject which is the feast of the Black Nazarene.

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Chapter 2 aims to develop competencies in writing a reaction paper, a review and a critique, specific competencies include: forming opinions based on facts, citing sources and evidence to support claims, using various critical approaches in critiquing text, writing an objective review or critique.

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“Art” critiques Pablo Picasso’s “Guernica” as a visual argument. Pervading values leading towards a worldview are critically examined in “Four Values in Filipino Drama and Film.”

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Factors such as income, race, education, household type, and geographical location seem to create a gap between those who have access to the Internet and Information Technology and those who don’t as explained in “The Digital Divide.” “Ang Bayan Muna Bago ang Sarili” challenges the Filipino to prioritize the nation’s welfare above everything in order to build a new nation that is far from corruption. “Why JFK’s Inaugural Succeeded” examines possible reasons for electing this American president. It is worth taking a record look at “President John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address (January 20, 1961),” to find out why it has been so often quoted and alluded to. “Dead Water,” takes the form of a poem and uses literary language to comment on an environmental issue. To illustrate varying perspectives in critiquing the same subject, four reviews are presented: “Epic Review Shows How the Revolution Assassinated ‘Heneral Luna,” “Movie Review: Heneral Luna,” “Review: ‘Heneral Luna’ shows Human side of Hero,” and ‘’Heneral Luna: Film Review.” Chapter 3 focuses on the writing of concept papers in the discipline. The various ways of defining, explaining, and clarifying concepts in the different fields such as art and business, are presented in this section.

vi All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying – without written permission from the DepEd Central Office. First Edition, 2016.

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The etymology of a Tagalog word that entered the English dictionary is explained in the short selection “Boondocks.” The origin of the names of the twelve months is shown in “Months of the year.” A similar article explains the origin of the names of the “Days of the week”. An information and delightful account of how catsup came to be is contained in the selection “Ketchup.” “Mercury Pollution” explains how this toxic substance gets to pollute the environment and reaches the food chain. Scientific studies enabled researchers to discover information on the role of “Hormones in the Body.” “Paleolithic Art” summarizes different theories and views about cave paintings. “Words to the Intellectuals” addresses its message to “the artist or intellectual who does not have a revolutionary attitude towards life but who is, however an honest person.” “Why Sinigang?” explains that this dish best represents the Filipino taste and identity. “The Sentiments of Kundiman” goes back to the history of this music form as it provides a comprehensive explanation of this musical genre. The Philippines’ official martial art and sport is discussed in “Our Very Own Arnis.” “Fusion vs Fission” discusses an alternative source of energy as vast as that of the sun, and without the radioactive dangers of nuclear fission. Society’s relationship with things is increasingly becoming more temporary because of a “throw-away mentality” as discussed in “Things: The Throw Away Society.”

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Articles on current concerns comprise Chapter 4, the content of which is the position paper. Competencies to be developed include presenting and analyzing arguments, defending a stand through presentation of arguments supported by evidences, and writing various types of reports.

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“The Case for Short Words” argues for short words as being more powerful than long ones. Four kinds of double speech are presented and explained in “Doubts about Doublespeak.” While e-mail appears to facilitate communication, it also has its negative aspects as discussed in “The Other Side of E-mail.” The article “Women Talk Too Much” argues that several factors like the social context, the type of talk and confidence of the speakers determine whether it is men or women who talk the most. How young people use the English language in electronic communication is the subject of “r u online?” The answers of BBC online, from readers are given in the article “Is Bad Language Unacceptable on TV?” when they are asked this question. The distinction between good and bad English is oftentimes a matter of “prejudice and conditioning” as explained in the article “Good English and Bad.” “With These Words, I Can Sell You Anything” examines some of the most vii

All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying – without written permission from the DepEd Central Office. First Edition, 2016.

frequently used words in advertising. “The Great Global Warming Swindle” takes a hard look at AI Gore’s “An Inconvenient Truth.” The need for “a cheap, clean source of energy” to change the world is discussed in “More Energy.” “The adverse effect of industrial agriculture is explained in “The Hazards of Industrial Agriculture.” Gandhi’s historic parts are the subject of the article “Mahatma Gandhi’s Hunger Strikes.” The speech “I Have a Dream” is a famous battle cry for freedom, justice, and equality. T...