EOT Practice Exam 1016MSC PDF

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This is the 2020 1016MSC practice exam....

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PRACTICE EXAM for EOT 1016MSC. Total marks for this PRACTICE exam is ONLY 85 marks.You should try to complete it in 2 hours. The real exam has 70 MARKS (70 MCQ ) for which you will have 90 minutes to complete. Use the short answer questions here as a revision source. There will not be any short answer questions in the EOT in 2020. Nervous system 1.The brain and spinal cord are protected by the: a. Aponeurosis b. c. Scalp d. Ligamentum e. None of the above

2.From the following choose the structure located in the midbrain which contains reflex centres for vision and audition: a. Fornix b. Mammillary bodies c. Pineal body d. e. Choroid plexus 3.Neural cortex is: a. b. c. d. e.

Layer of white matter found on the surface of the cerebellum Grey matter found in the core of the brain and spinal cord Myelinated fibre tracts Only found in the spinal cord

4.The order of the 3 meningeal layers of the brain, from innermost (close to brain) to outermost (skull) is: a. b. c. d. e.

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater Arachnoid mater, dura mater, pia mater Dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater Pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid mater

5. Which of the following best describes the function of the cerebellum? a. b. c. d. e.

Controls intellectual and conscious thought processes Controls cardiovascular activities Controls emotional activities None of the above

6.Corpus callosum a. b. c. d. e.

Contains projection fibers Join functional areas in the same cerebral hemisphere Contains myelinated fibers only Conducts impulses from cerebral hemispheres to the midbrain

7. Cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory neurons consist of: a) b) c) d) e)

III; VI; XII; II III; VIII; XII; V I; II; III None of the above

8. Hitting the ‘funny bone’ on the medial aspect of your elbow stimulates/injures the _________ nerve. a. b. c. d. e.

Radial Median Axillary Brachial

9. The spinal nerve C8 emerges a) Below C6 b) Above C7 c) Below T1 d) e) none of the above 10. Descending spinal cord tracts include: a) Spinothalamic tracts b) c) Spinocerebellar tracts d) Lemniscal tracts e) None of the above 11. Dorsal rami of the spinal nerves a) Supply the muscles of the lateral body trunk b) Are composed of sensory nerve roots c) Supply the skin of the posterior body trunk d) e) Contribute to the formation of brachial plexus

12. The Brain stem includes: a) b) c) d) e)

Hypothalamus and thalamus Cerebellum and pons Lateral ventricles and mid brain Cerebral hemispheres

13. The primary auditory cortex is located in the: a) b) c) d) e)

Frontal lobe Occipital lobe Parietal lobe Insula

14. Muscles of the posterior thigh are innervated by: a) b) Femoral nerve c) Obturator nerve d) Pudendal nerve e) None of the above

15. Quadriplegia would result if the spinal cord were severed in the following region: a) b) c) d) e)

Thoracic region Lumbar region Sacrum Coccyx

16. The nerve that innervates the quadriceps femoris is the a) Sciatic nerve b) Obturator nerve c) Tibial nerve d) Common fibular nerve e)

17. Sympathetic fibres leave the spinal cord in the: a) b) c) d) e)

Craniosacral regions, and the postganglionic fibres secrete noradrenaline Thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibres secrete acetylcholine Craniosacral regions, and the postganglionic fibres secrete acetylcholine Thoracolumbar region and the preganglionic fibres secrete noradrenaline

18. The accessory cranial nerve is unique because it a. b. c. d. e.

Is the longest cranial nerve It extends into the thorax and abdomen It is purely sensory Has no function

19. A condition that results from damage to basal nuclei: a) b) c) d) e)

Guillain barre syndrome Hydrocephaly Meningitis Multiple sclerosis

20. The muscle stretch reflex is: a. b. c. d. e.

Somatic Consensual Ipsilateral Both a) and b) are correct

21. Four dome shaped structures on the dorsal surface of the midbrain involved in auditory and visual reflex responses are collectively called? a) Substantia nigra b) Cerebral peduncles c) Red nucleus d) Mammillary bodies e)

22. Decussation of pyramids is found: a) spinal columns b) cerebral peduncles c) d) mammillary bodies e) corpora quadrigemina

23. The fact that each cerebral hemisphere exhibit different functions or specializations is termed: a. b. c. d. e.

Plasticity Dominance Split brain None of the above because the hemispheres do not exhibit specialized functions

24. Transection of the spinal cord at C3 would most likely result in…… a. b. c. d. e.

Paraplegia Quadriplegia without needing artificial respiration Only paralysis of the upper limbs Only paralysis on the opposite side of the body

25. Amphetamines….. a. b. c. d. e.

Prevent uptake of serotonin Prevent re-uptake of dopamine Block acetylcholine receptors Bind to opioid receptors

Special Senses 1. The area of greatest visual acuity in the eye: a) Aqueous humour b) Lens c) Ciliary body d) e) Retina 2. Older individuals often can no longer focus on close objects because the a) Lenses become cloudy. b) c) Cornea becomes cloudy. d) Cornea loses elasticity. e) Retina deteriorates. 3. The acceleration you feel when a car starts moving forward is sensed by a) b) c) d) e)

The anterior semicircular canal The crista ampullaris The macula of the saccule The spiral organ

4. Choose the answer that places the following events in the olfactory pathway into their appropriate order. 1. Axons collect into bundles 2. Chemicals stimulate neurons 3. First synapse in olfactory bulb 4. Reaches olfactory cortex 5. Travels olfactory tract a) 2; 1; 3; 4; 5 b) c) 1; 2; 3; 4; 5 d) 1; 2; 5; 3; 4 e) 1; 3; 5; 4; 2

5. Where are the fungiform papillae situated on the tongue? a) b) c) d) e)

Posterior third On the circumvallate line At the very back of the tongue Evenly over the entire surface

6. The sensory organs for equilibrium are located in the a) Outer ear. b) Middle ear. c) d) Auditory tube. e) External auditory meatus.

7. The three ossicles, in order of their stimulation by auditory stimuli would be: a) b) c) d) e)

Malleus, stapes and incus Incus, malleus and stapes Stapes, incus and malleus Incus, stapes and malleus

The following diagram corresponds to Q.8-11

8. The structure labeled "A" represents a____1_____ and contains ___2_____. a) b) c) d) e)

1. Nasal septum; 2. mucosa 1. Conchae; 2. cerebrospinal fluid 1. Cochlea; 2.endolymph 1. Vestibule; 2. perilymph

9. The area labeled "B" is called the a) b) c) d) e)

Middle ear. Conchae. Cochlea. Semicircular canal.

10. The area labeled "B" contains the a) b) c) d) e)

Utricle and semicircular canals. Saccule and cochlea. Utricle and cochlea. Semicircular canals.

11. The structure labeled "C" contains ….. a) b) c) d) e)

Maculae for responding to changes in static equilibrium Crista Ampullaris for responding to dynamic changes in equilibrium Air Receptors for vestibular perception.

12. Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning the sense of equilibrium? a) Receptors for this sense are located in the semicircular canals and the vestibule b) Endolymph moves over the cupula to mediate dynamic equilibrium c) d) Static equilibrium receptors provide information about orientation of the head in space and detects acceleration and deceleration of the body. e) Relies on input of vestibular, visual and somatic information

Endocrine System 13. The hypothalamus controls the secretions of the posterior pituitary by way of a) b) direct mechanical control c) releasing and inhibiting hormones d) alteration of ion concentrations ion the anterior pituitary e) gap junctions

14. All of the following are hormones of the anterior pituitary EXCEPT a) b) c) d) e)

human growth hormone (GH). follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). prolactin (PRL)

15. The hypothalamus is similar to an endocrine gland because a) It excretes only one hormone into the blood b) c) The hypothalamus connects all part of the endocrine system. d) The hypothalamus uses the hormones secreted by the endocrine glands e) It initiates and carries action potentials 16.

The hormone oxytocin a) b) c) d) e)

Is responsible for milk production in the breasts Regulates the ovarian cycle Inhibits the let-down reflex Regulates blood pressure

17. Which of the following hormones requires a hypothalamic releasing hormone for its release from the anterior pituitary gland? a) b) c) d) e)

Oxytocin Cortisol Calcitonin Parathyroid hormone

18. Mineralocorticoids a) b) c) d) e)

Are produced in the adrenal cortex Are steroid hormones Help regulate the homeostasis of sodium and potassium None of the above

19. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) causes: a) b) c) d) e)

An increase in water loss by the kidneys Decreased blood pressure due to dilation of blood vessels Increased water absorption by the large intestine The fight or flight response

20. Catabolism involves processes that: a) b) c) d) e)

Cause a decline in circulating ketone bodies Mobilize fat during the absorptive state Elevate glucagon levels Larger molecules are built from smaller ones

21. The hormone calcitonin is secreted by the a) b) c) d) e)

Female gonad Parathyroid gland Pineal gland Adrenal gland

22. Insulin a) b) c) d) e)

Is secreted by the Alpha cells of the pancreas and decreases blood glucose Is secreted by Beta cells of the pancreas and increases blood glucose Is released from the adrenal glands and has a strong effect of appetite Is released from Delta cells of the pancreas and inhibits growth hormone

23. Testosterone is a/an ________ hormone a) b) c) d) e)

Catabolic Glucose sparing Hyperglycaemic Hypoglycaemic

24. Which endocrine gland is housed in the sphenoid bone? a) b) c) d) e)

Adrenal Pancreas Ovaries Pineal

Reproductive system 25. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) is highest during which phase of the ovarian cycle a) b) c) d) e)

Luteal phase Ovulation Secretory phase Pre-pubertal phase

26. How many gametes (viable sperm) are derived from one primary spermatocyte? a) b) c) d) e)

2 1 100’s none

27. A haploid ovum is formed a) b) c) d) e)

at fertilisation in the primary follicle during ovulation in the secondary follicle

28. The acrosome of the spermatozoon a) b) c) d) e)

Contains the sperm's genetic information. Contains mitochondria for energy production. Is a fructose-filled vesicle that provides energy for the spermatozoa. Contains microtubules that slide past each other to provide the sperm with motility.

29. Which of the following statements concerning physiological functions of oxytocin, is/are correct: 1) Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions 2) Oxytocin can stimulate milk ejection from the breast 3) Oxytocin release can stimulate synthesis of breast milk a) b) c) d) e)

All three statements above are correct. Only statements 1 and 3 are correct. Only statements 2 and 3 are correct Only statement 1 is correct.

30. The corpus luteum a) b) c) d) e)

develops from the polar body after ovulation. develops from the fertilized ovum through a process of division and differentiation. of pregnancy develops within the placenta. is sloughed during menstruation if fertilization does not occur.

31. Which of the following glands produces the most seminal fluid? a) b) c) d) e)

Bulbourethral gland Prostate gland Testicular gland Glands of the ductus deferens

32. A boy who has not passed through puberty sustains an injury to his anterior pituitary that results in FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) not being released, however luteinizing hormone secretion is normal (unaffected). After the boy grows to maturity you would expect that he would: a) b) c) d) e)

not develop secondary sex characteristics be impotent be producing large amounts of inhibin develop minimal function of the interstitial cells of Leydig

33. Which of the following is a vascular shunt that bypasses the liver in the foetus? a) b) c) d) e)

Foramen ovale Umbilical vein Ductus arteriosus Ligamentum teres

34. The dominant hormone during the secretory phase of the ovarian cycle is a) b) c) d) e)

Progesterone Estrogen hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

35. The dominant hormone during the follicular stage of the ovarian cycle is a) b) c) d) e)

progesterone. estrogen. hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) LH (luteinizing hormone)

36. The chorionic villi develop from a) b) c) d) e)

The zona pellucida The synctiotrophoblast The amnion The corona radiata

37. The stage of the conceptus that implants in the uterine wall is a) b) c) d) e)

A blastomere A morula An embryo A zygote

The following diagram applies for questions 38-42. Using the diagram, record on the marksense card the region (A, B, C, D or E) which gives the most correct answer:

38. The early source of blood cells 39. Desidua capsularis

E

40. Amnion

C

41. Chorionic villus

B

42. Desidua basalis

A

D

43. Androgen binding protein is released from ________in response to_________. a) intersitial cells of Leydig; FSH b) c) sustentacular cells; LH d) Interstitial cells; LH e) sustentacular cells; testosterone

44. Testosterone is secreted from________in response to_______ a) intersitial cells of Leydig; FSH b) sustentacular cells; FSH c) sustentacular cells; LH d) e) sustentacular cells; testosterone

45. Pregnancy tests use an antibody to which hormone in order to determine a positive pregnancy test? a) estrogen b) progesterone c) testosterone d) e) embryonic hormones

Short answer section (Total 15 marks) Q1.A patient has CNVI nerve palsy. Name the nerve that has been damaged and the extrinsic eye muscle affected. With the help of a diagram, describe the clinical effect. (3 marks)

Q2. Briefly explain how we determine the pitch of a sound. Include: (i) the structure within the cochlea that allows pitch perception (ii) describe its structural characteristics (2 marks)

Q3. Complete the following table regarding endocrine hormones, organs and function. (3 marks) Hormone

Cortisol Growth Hormone Parathyroid Hormone

Adrenalin Thyrotropin

Anti-diueretic hormone

Endocrine organ Adrenal Cortex

Anterior Pituitary Parathyroid glands Adrenal Medulla

Thyroid gland Posterior Pituitary

Physiological response Response to stress Growth Increase in blood calcium concentration

Fight or flight response Stimulation of the thyroid gland Water balance

Q4. Application/Critical thinking style question. A patient presents with weight gain, feeling cold and tired, a puffy face, and thick dry skin. Which endocrine condition would the clinician suspect, and which is the first test the clinician would select? Hint: think about the endocrine axis (2 marks)

Q5. Explain with the help of a graph, how the blood levels of ovarian hormones correspond to changes in the uterine cycle. (5 marks).

END OF EXAM WRITE YOUR NAME ON THIS LAST SHEET……………………………………....