Practice Exam 1 PDF

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Practice Exam 1...

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MCB 244 Fall 2018 Exam 1 practice/review questions The following are sample questions from previous MCB 244 exams. These questions are provided as a review/study resource only. These questions are intended to serve as a general ‘guide’ in reference to year’s exam questions. Because they are being provided to you primarily as a study tool, 1)I do not provide/post answers to these questions. 2) I will not address any specific questions pertaining to this sample set (I will however be happy to discuss the underlying content for these questions). For specific details concerning this semester’s exam content, please see the exam review guide which can be found on the course website as well as in Moodle.

1. The study of structures within the body is synonymous with ___________________ while understanding how these structures function is __________________. a. b. c. d.

physiology; anatomy biology; anatomy anatomy; physiology physiology; biology

2. Consider the following structural levels: chemical, organ, tissue, cell, and organ system. Which level is structurally encompassed by the other four? a. b. c. d. e.

Organism Cell Tissue Organ system Organ

3. Which of the following systems is comprised primarily of glands which secrete hormones? a. b. c. d. e.

Muscular system Endocrine system Respiratory system Cardiovascular system Nervous system

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4. A researcher is examining the O2 transporter hemoglobin and how its binding affinity for oxygen changes from fetal to adult periods. This researcher is engaged in: a. b. c. d.

developmental physiology comparative anatomy histology regional physiology

5. A study of the muscular, neural and cardiovascular structures within the thorax would be an example of a. b. c. d.

gross anatomy. regional anatomy. cytology. superficial anatomy.

6. For the following list, identify the group which does NOT have the correct pairings of anatomical terms: regions? a. b. c. d.

Deltoid: shoulder; crural: leg; lumbar: buttock; pectoral: chest Paterllar: kneecap; aurical: ear; coxal: hip; carpal: wrist Sural: calf; pes: foot; sternal: sternum; buccal: cheek Brachial: arm; olecranon: elbow; palmar: palm; digital: finger

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The subject shown in the figure above is having a sample of blood drawn. Use the figure to answer the following four questions. Assume the subject is completely normal and healthy and always has been. 7. As part of the prep, which part of her arm was tied with the blue strap? a. b. c. d.

The lateral cubital region. The brachial region. The axillary region. None of the above.

8. Her blood sample is being taken from the ______________ region. a. b. c. d.

olecranal brachial antecubital medial

9. True (A) or False (B)? Blood is being drawn from this patient’s femoral surface on the arm.

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Use the figures shown above (A-D) to answer the following two questions. 10. Which of the following planes is not illustrated in one of the figures shown? a. b. c. d.

Sagittal Transverse Frontal Coronal

11. True (A) or False (B)? Figure D represents a region and plane of the body which allows for the analysis of structures which are proximal or distal relative to one another. 12. Which of the following systems has the function of providing protection, and regulating temperature? a. b. c. d. e.

Urinary system Integumentary system Respiratory system Skeletal system None of the above

13. Which of the following pairs of structures represent a proximal/distal pairing? a. b. c. d. e.

Nose: naval Mouth; eyes Head: neck Knee, ankle Buttock: hip

14. Which of the following statements regarding homeostasis is true? a. In order to maintain homeostasis, a person’s body temperature must remain precisely at its set point. b. Homeostasis is defined as the existence and maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment. c. The persistence of homeostasis in an organism is dependent solely on active processes. d. Sweating would not be an example of homeostasis.

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15. All things being equal, most homeostatic process in the body work in such a way that the effects of a homeostatic reflex _____________________ the initial stimulus which triggered it. a. b. c. d.

increase reduce don’t affect None of the above.

Use the figure above to answer the following 2 questions. 16. Which of the following molecules is acting as the acid in the reaction shown here? a. b. c. d.

A B C D

17. If the [A] > [B] this solution would be considered ____________________? Assume that there are no other solutes/solvents aside from those listed above. a. b. c. d.

neutral acidic basic That information can’t be determined based on the information provided.

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Use the figure above to answer the following four questions. 18. Which of the following structures has the primary function of being the body’s ‘long-term’ storage for energy? a. b. c. d.

A B C Both A and D

19. Which of the following molecules would NOT be considered an organic molecule? a. A b. B c. C d. All of the above are considered organic molecules. 20. Enzymes fall into which of the following categories of macromolecules? a. A b. B c. C 21. The only class of biomolecule from those shown above which is not organized into polymers is a. A b. B c. C d. Both A and C

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22. A mixture which is comprised of particles greater than 100 nanometers which will not remain mixed unless in motion would be an example of a a. b. c. d.

Colloid Solution Suspension Emulsion

23. Glucose (A) is to ______________ as glycogen (B) is to _______________. a. b. c. d.

Polymer; monomer Polysaccharide; polymer Monosaccharide; polysaccharide Monomer; monosaccharide

24. From the previous question, which of the following would be considered the storage form of the biomolecule? a. A b. B 25. Which of the following types of lipids can be found within the plasma membrane? a. b. c. d. e.

Phospholipids Sterols (e.g. cholesterol) Triglycerides Both A and B All of the above

26. Which of the following is not a function associated with proteins. a. b. c. d.

They act as catalysts The generate movement They provide for bodily defenses All of the above are functions of proteins.

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27. Which of the following structural pairs represent secondary: quaternary levels of organization? a. b. c. d.

Globular proteins; beta sheets Beta sheets; alpha helices Alpha helices; multiple polypeptide chains None of the above

28. A ____________________ is a polymerized biomolecule with a carbohydrate attached to it and is often seen associated with the plasma membrane. a. b. c. d.

Glycolipid Glycoprotein Monosaccharide None of the above.

29. True (A) or False (B)? Enzyme work by eliminating the activation energy (Ea) of chemical reactions. 30. True (A) or False (B)? One major advantage of the fact that enzymes are catalysts is that it allows for enzymatic reactions to produce large amounts of products with very little enzyme required. Use the list of terms to answer the following question. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Cofactors Coenzymes Allosteric inhibitor Competitive inhibitor

31. Molecules which serve as substrate/product carriers are known as a. b. c. d. e.

2 3 and 1 1 1 and 2

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32. The reaction shown above would be catalyzed by which of the following? a. Dephosphorylase b. Decarboxylase c. Deaminase d. Depeptidase 33. The substrate for the reaction shown in the figure above would be a. a monosaccharide b. an amino acid. c. a fatty acid. d. a glycolipid.

The figure above represents a solution in which an enzyme is reacting with substrate under increasing substrate concentration. Assume that the enzyme concentration is constant and there are no other variables (cofactors/inhibitors). Use the figure shown above to answer the following two questions.

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34. If you were to increase the amount of enzyme in the above conditions you would expect to see a. no overall changes in the pattern shown. b. a drop in the height where the reaction plateaus compared to the graph above. c. the height of the plateau raised compared to the graph above. d. a complete loss of enzyme activity. 35. If on the other hand you added an allosteric inhibitor to the original conditions shown in the figure, what changes, if any would you expect to see. a. No changes from the original conditions would be seen. b. A complete loss of enzyme activity/reaction rate. c. An initial loss of enzyme activity which would be diminished as the substrate concentration is increased. d. None of the above.

Use the figure shown above to answer the following three questions. 36. If enzyme 1 is present in the cytosol and enzymes 2 and 3 are present in the Golgi apparatus what can you conclude about this pathway? a. b. c. d.

It is a multi-enzyme complex dependent pathway. It is a metabolic pathway. It is involved in cellular respiration. None of the above.

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37. Knowing what you do about enzymes, physiology and homeostasis, you would expect the effects of the end product via arrow A to a. b. c. d.

increase the overall process and increase product formation. decrease the overall process and decrease product formation. have no effect on the overall process and product formation. increase the overall process and decrease product formation.

38. As illustrated here this process represents an example of a a. positive feedback system. b. negative feedback system. c. feed-forward system. d. None of the above. 39. Which of the following macromolecules cannot be catabolized for ATP production? a. b. c. d.

glycogen DNA triglycerides proteins

40. From start to finish the metabolic pathway of cellular respiration occurs in all of the following cellular regions except for a. b. c. d.

the cytosol. the mitochondria. rough ER. Both A and B.

41. Which of the following components are required in order for the ATP synthase to function in generating ATP? a. b. c. d.

Proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. O2 to serve as the final electron acceptor. Substrate molecules (ADP + Pi). All of the above.

42. An integral membrane protein which changes its conformation in transporting molecules across the lipid bilayer would be an example of a a. b. c. d.

carrier protein. leak channel. peripheral membrane protein. None of the above.

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Consider the following conditions. You have two solutions with differing solute concentrations separated by a semi-permeable membrane. Region A has a higher solute concentration than region B. Use this information to answer the following question. 43. If you found that solute moved from region B to region A which of the following could be present in the membrane to account for movement of solute? a. an ion pump b. a symporter c. an antiporter d. a leak channel e. A, B and C could be present 44. For every cycle of the Na+/K+ -ATPase pump it moves ___________ out of the cell and ____________ into cell. a. 2 K+/3Na+ b. 3Na+ /2K+ c. Na+/K+ d. None of the above 45. Osmosis, by definition, is the diffusion of water which occurs from regions of a. b. c. d.

high solute concentration to low solute concentration. low solute concentration to high solute concentration. low solvent concentration to high solvent concentration. solutions with equal solute and solvent concentrations.

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Use the figure below to answer the following three questions.

46. If the beaker labeled “A” contained red blood cells in an isotonic solution and you place them in beaker B which results in hemolysis, which of the following is true? a. b. c. d.

The solution in beaker B must be hypotonic. The solution in beaker B must be hypertonic. The solution in beaker B must be isotonic. None of the above.

47. For the cells to undergo hemolysis, the osmolarity of their intracellular fluid would have to be __________ the solution in beaker B. a. b. c. d.

greater than less than equal to That information can’t be determined.

48. Which of the following bulk transport processes is not energy dependent? a. b. c. d.

Receptor mediated endocytosis. Exocytosis. Endocytosis. All of the above are dependent on energy.

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Use the following list of structures to answer the next three questions. Answer choices may be used more than once. Answer choices may be used more than once. 1. 2. 3. 4.

mitochondria Golgi apparatus Proteosome Cytoskeleton

5. Lysosome 6. Rough ER 7. Free ribosomes 8. Smooth ER

49. Organelle which is most directly involved in the process of cellular respiration. a. b. c. d.

2 1 4 5

50. Organelle responsible for the production of ‘non-secretory’ proteins. a. b. c. d.

6 7 2 4

51. Organelle responsible for the breakdown of damaged/old proteins. a. b. c. d.

2 3 8 1

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