Eschatology - About end times- theology PDF

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End Times Timeline According to the classical dispensationalist (pretribulational premillennial) model End Times Timeline Pretribulation Rapture (Harpazo) Judgement Seat (Bema) of Christ Marriage of the Lamb Magog Invasion Battle of Gog and Magog Tribulation (70th Week of Daniel) Great Tribulation Abomination of Desolation Second Coming of Christ (Parousia) Battle of Armageddon 75-day Interregnum Judgement of the Sheep and Goats Millennium Marriage Supper of the Lamb Satan's Final Rebellion (Final War of Gog and Magog) Great White Throne Judgement Eternal State

Note: Italicized event names denote possible (but uncertain) timings Scripture quotations are from the NASB unless otherwise stated Italicized words indicate words not present in the original texts, but that are implied by them Underlined words correspond to the name of the object/event/period in whose section they appear Literal translations (lit.) are sometimes given in parentheses

Pretribulation Rapture (Harpazo) The Greek word ἁρπάζω (harpazō) means "to seize" or "to snatch out/away" This word also appears when Paul describes a man who he knew who was raptured I know a manin Christ who fourteen years ago—whether in the body I do not know, or out of the body I do not know,God knows—such a man wascaught up to thethird heaven. — 2 Corinthians 12:2 It appears again in the symbolic passage of Revelation 12

And she [the woman, representing Mary, and, by extension, Israel] gave birth to a son, a malechild,[Christ] who is torule all thenations with a rod of iron; and her child was caught up to God and to His throne. — Revelation 12:5 An imminent event Now as to thetimes and the epochs, brethren, youhave no need of anything to be written to you.For you yourselves know full well thatthe day of the Lordwill comejust like a thief in the night. — 1 Thessalonians 5:1–2 Intended to keep the Church from the Tribulation Because you havekept the word ofMyperseverance,I also will keep you from the hour oftesting, thathourwhich is about to come upon the wholeworld, totestthose who dwell on the earth. — Revelation 3:10 Analogy: God recalls His "ambassadors" 1 Believers who died after Christ's resurrection are given resurrected physical bodies For the LordHimselfwill descend from heaven with ashout, with the voice ofthearchangel and with thetrumpet of God, andthe dead in Christ will rise first.Thenwe who are aliveand (lit.: who) remain will becaught up together with themin the clouds to meet the Lord in the air, and so we shall alwaysbe with the Lord. — 1 Thessalonians 4:16–17 Foras in Adam all die, so also inChrist all will be made alive.But each in his own order: Christthe first fruits, after thatthose who are Christ’s atHis coming,thencomesthe end, when He hands overthe kingdom to theGod and Father, when He has abolishedall rule and all authority and power. — 1 Corinthians 15:22–24 This allows the Antichrist to take over And you knowwhat restrains him [the "man of lawlessness", i.e., the Antichrist] now, so that in his time he will be revealed.Forthe mystery of lawlessness is already at work; onlyhe who now restrainswill do sountil he is taken out of the way.Then that lawless onewill be revealed whom the Lord will slaywith the breath of His mouth and bring to an end by theappearance of Hiscoming. — 2 Thessalonians 2:6–8 The "restrainer" is likely the Holy Spirit, acting through the Church

Judgement Seat (Bema) of Christ The Greek word βῆμα (bēma) refers to a platform/rostrum for a judge or king Pilate and Herod sat on these

Occurs sometime before the Second Coming of Christ This is because Christ returns with His saints, i.e., believers Believers are rewarded to varying degrees Now if any man builds on the foundation [Christ] with gold, silver,precious stones, wood, hay, straw,each man’s work will become evident; forthe day will show it because it isto berevealed with fire, and the fire itself will testthe quality of each man’s work (lit.: of what sort each man's work is).If any man’s work which he has built on it [the foundation] remains, he willreceive a reward.If any man’s work is burned up, he will suffer loss; but he himself will be saved, yetso as through fire. — 1 Corinthians 3:12–15 For we must all appear beforethe judgment seat of Christ, so that each one may be recompensed forhis deeds in the body (lit.: the things through the body), according to what he has done, whether good or bad. — 2 Corinthians 5:10

Marriage of the Lamb ... Let us rejoice and be glad and give the glory to Him, for the marriage of the Lamb has come and His bride (lit.: wife) has made herself ready.” Then he said to me, “Write, ‘Blessed are those who are invited to the marriage supper of the Lamb.’” — Revelation 19:7, 19:9 Occurs after the Bema Judgement Seat of Christ but before the Marriage Supper of the Lamb Takes place in heaven Attended by raptured believers only The Bride of Christ, i.e., the Church, is wed to Christ (the Bridegroom) ... for Ibetrothed you to one husband, so that to Christ I mightpresent youasa pure virgin. — 2 Corinthians 11:2

Magog Invasion And the word of the Lord came to me saying, “Son of man, set your face toward Gog of the land of Magog, the prince of Rosh, Meshech and Tubal, and prophesy against him and say, ‘Thus says the Lord God, “Behold, I am against you, O Gog, prince of Rosh, Meshech and Tubal. I will turn you about and put hooks into your jaws, and I will bring you out, and all your army, horses and horsemen, all of them splendidly attired (or clothed in full armor), a great company with buckler and shield, all of them wielding swords; Persia, Ethiopia (lit.: Cush) and Put with them, all of them with shield and helmet; Gomer with all its troops; Beth-togarmah from the remote parts of the north with all its troops—many peoples with you. — Ezekiel 38:1–6

“Therefore prophesy, son of man, and say to Gog, ‘Thus says the LordGod, “On that day when My people Israel areliving securely, will you not knowit?You will come from your place out of the remote parts of the north, you and many peoples with you, all of them riding on horses, a great assembly and a mighty army;and you will come up against My people Israel like a cloud to cover the land. It shall come about in the last days that I will bring you against My land, so that the nations mayknow Me when I amsanctified through you before their eyes, O Gog.” — Ezekiel 38:14–16 Invasion of Israel from the north by a coalition of nations

Battle of Gog and Magog Described in Ezekiel 39 Distinct from the Battle of Armageddon Battle of Gog and Magog (Ezek. 38–39)

Battle of Armageddon (Rev. 16, 19)

Gog leads the invasion

The Antichrist leads the invasion

Armies drawn by God 2

Armies gathered by demons 3

Israel initially at peace 4

Israel in the midst of the Tribulation

Armies gather to plunder Israel 5

Armies gather to fight Christ and His army 6

Takes place on the mountains of Israel 7

Takes place between Megiddo and Bozrah 8 9

Attackers destroyed by wild beasts, fire, etc.

Attackers destroyed by Christ's "sword"

sent by God

10

(representing His Word) 11

⅚ of the invaders destroyed by God? The phrase "sixth part" only appears in the KJV, and may be a mistranslation: the word ‫ָשׁ ָשׁא‬ (shawshaw, "to lead on") was probably confused with ‫( ִשׁ ָשּׁה‬shashah, "to divide into 6 parts") And I will turn thee back, and leave but the sixth part of thee, and will cause thee to come up from the north parts, and will bring thee upon the mountains of Israel. — Ezekiel 39:2 (KJV) Most modern translations have something similar to "drive you on" or "drag you along": ... and I will turn you around, drive you on, take you up from the remotest parts of the north and bring you against the mountains of Israel. — Ezekiel 39:2 (NASB) I will turn you around and drag you along. I will bring you from the far northand send you against the mountains of Israel. — Ezekiel 39:2 (NIV) And I will turn you about and drive you forward,and bring you up fromthe uttermost parts of the north, and lead you against themountains of Israel.

— Ezekiel 39:2 (ESV) Israel uses invaders' weapons for 'fuel', for 7 years “Then those who inhabit the cities of Israel willgo out and makefires with the weapons and burnthem, both shields and bucklers, bows and arrows, war clubs and spears, and for seven years they will make fires of them.They will not take wood from the field or gather firewood from the forests, for they will make fires with the weapons; and they will take the spoil of those who despoiled them and seize theplunder of those who plundered them,” declares the LordGod. — Ezekiel 39:9–10 Dead buried in the Valley of Hamon-Gog over a period of 7 months “On that day I will give Gog a burial ground there in Israel, the valley of those who pass by east of the sea, and it will block off those who would pass by. So they will bury Gog there with all hishorde (lit.: crowd), and they will callitthe valley ofHamon-gog (or the multitude of Gog). For seven months the house of Israel will be burying them in order tocleanse the land. — Ezekiel 39:11–12

Tribulation (70th Week of Daniel) A 7-year period of distress for the world, especially Israel, also called the time of Jacob (Israel)'s trouble For behold, days are coming,’ declares the Lord, ‘when I will restore the fortunes of My people Israel and Judah.’ The Lord says, ‘I will also bring them back to the land that I gave to their forefathers and they shall possess it.’” Now these are the words which the Lord spoke concerning Israel and concerning Judah: “For thus says the Lord, ‘I (lit.: We) have heard a sound of terror, Of dread, and there is no peace. ‘Ask now, and see If a male can give birth. Why do I see every man With his hands on his loins, as a woman in childbirth? And why have all faces turned pale? ‘Alas! for that day is great, There is none like it; And it is the time of Jacob’s distress, But he will be saved from it. ‘It shall come about on that day,’ declares the Lord of hosts, ‘that I will break his yoke from off their neck and will tear off their bonds; and strangers will no longer make them their slaves (lit.: him their slave). But they shall serve the Lord their God and David their king, whom I will raise up for them [after the Tribulation]. — Jeremiah 30:3–9 “Now at that timeMichael, the great prince who standsguardover the sons of your people, will arise. And there will be atime of distresssuch as never occurred since there was a nation until that time; and at that time your people, everyone who is found written in thebook, will be rescued. — Daniel 12:1 Fulfilment of Daniel's prophecy about 70 weeks (of 7 years each)

“Seventyweeks (or units of seven) have been decreed for your people [Israel] and your holy city [Jerusalem], tofinish (or restrain) the transgression, tomake an end of sin, tomake atonement for iniquity, to bring ineverlasting righteousness, to seal up vision andprophecy (lit.: prophet) and to anoint the most holyplace.So you are to know and discernthatfrom the issuing of adecree (lit.: word) to restore and rebuild Jerusalem untilMessiah thePrince (or an anointed one)there will be seven weeks and sixty-two weeks; it will be built again, withplaza (or street) and moat, even in times of distress.Then after the sixty-two weeks theMessiah will becut off and havenothing (or no one), and the people of the prince who is to come willdestroy the city and the sanctuary. Andits (or his) endwill comewith aflood; even to the endthere will be war; desolations are determined (or war will be decreed for desolations). — Daniel 9:24–26 The 70 "units of seven" are 490 years The first 69 (

) units – i.e., 483 years – describe the time from Artaxerxes giving permission

to the Jews to rebuild Jerusalem ("issuing of a word") to Jesus entering Jerusalem (as Messiah) Jesus was subsequently crucified ("cut off"), and Jerusalem and its temple were destroyed by the Romans The materialization of the final unit has been suspended: note that "everlasting righteousness" has not yet been brought in, nor has the most holy (Jesus) been anointed Jesus himself spoke of the Tribulation in the Olivet Discourse For then there will be agreat tribulation, such as has not occurred since the beginning of the world until now, nor ever will.Unless those days had been cut short, nolife (lit.: flesh) would have been saved; but forthe sake of theelect (or chosen ones) those days will be cut short.Then if anyone says to you, ‘Behold, here is theChrist,’ or ‘There (lit.: Here)He is,’ do not believehim.For false Christs andfalse prophets will arise and willshow (lit.: give) greatsigns (or attesting miracles) and wonders, so as to mislead, if possible, eventheelect.Behold, I have told you in advance. — Matthew 24:21–25 The Antichrist (symbolically, the beast from the sea 12 ) and False Prophet (symbolically, the beast from the land 13 ) rule over Earth The Antichrist confirms a covenant (peace treaty between Israel and other nations?) during this time And he [the Antichrist] will make a firm covenant with the many for one week... — Daniel 9:27 ⅔ of Israel perishes, and the remaining third recognizes Christ as Lord “It will come about in all the land,” declares theLord, “Thattwo parts in it will be cut offandperish; but the third will be left in it. And I will bring the third part through thefire, refine them as silver is refined, and test them as gold is tested. They willcall on My name, and I willanswer them; I will say, ‘They areMy people,’ and they will say, ‘TheLordis my God.’” — Zechariah 13:8–9 3rd temple built in Jerusalem Then there was given me ameasuring rod (lit.: reed) like a staff;andsomeone said (lit.: saying), “Get up and measure thetemple (or sanctuary) of God and the altar, and those who worship in it. — Revelation 11:1

Two witnesses prophesy on Earth for the first 3½ years Leave (lit.: Throw) out thecourt which is outside thetemple (or sanctuary) and do not measure it, forit has been given to the nations; and they willtread under footthe holy city forforty-two months [i.e., 3½ years].And I will grantauthorityto my twowitnesses, and they will prophesy fortwelve hundred and sixty days [i.e.,

, where 360 days is the length of a

'prophetic year'], clothed insackcloth.” — Revelation 11:2–3 After these 3½ years, they are killed by the Antichrist When they have finished their testimony,the beast that comes up out of theabyss willmake war with them, and overcome them and kill them. — Revelation 11:7 They are resurrected and raptured after 3½ days But after the three and a half days,the breath of life from God came into them, and they stood on their feet; and great fear fell upon those who were watching them.And they heard a loud voice from heaven saying to them, “Come up here.” Then theywent up into heaven in the cloud, and their enemies watched them. — Revelation 11:11–12 An earthquake subsequently destroys ⅒ of Jerusalem and kills 7000 people And in that hour there was a greatearthquake, and a tenth of the city fell;seven thousand people (lit.: names of people, seven thousand) were killed in the earthquake, and the rest were terrified andgave glory to theGod of heaven. — Revelation 11:13

Great Tribulation There was given to him [the beast from the sea with ten horns, i.e., the Antichrist] a mouth speaking arrogant words (lit.: great things) and blasphemies, and authority to act for forty-two months [i.e., 3½ years] was given to him. And he opened his mouth in blasphemies against God, to blaspheme His name and His tabernacle, that is, those who dwell in heaven. — Revelation 13:5–6 Andone said to the mandressed in linen, who was above the waters of the river, “How longwill it beuntil the end ofthesewonders?”I heard the man dressed in linen, who was above the waters of the river,as (lit.: and) heraised his right hand and his left toward heaven, and swore byHim who lives forever that it would be for atime,times, and halfatime; and as soon asthey finish (lit.: to finish)shattering thepower (lit.: hand) of the holy people, all theseeventswill be completed. — Daniel 12:6–7 The last 3½ years of the Tribulation, beginning with the Abomination of Desolation Saints handed over to the Antichrist It was also given to him to make war with the saints (or holy ones) and to overcome them, and authority over every tribe and people and tongue and nation was given to him.

— Revelation 13:7 He [the beast with ten horns, the 4th in Daniel's vision] willspeakout (lit.: words) against theMost High andwear down thesaints (lit.: holy ones) of the Highest One, and he will intend to makealterations in times and in law; andthey [the saints] will be given into his hand for atime,times, and half atime. — Daniel 7:25 "Time, times, and half a time" is generally understood to mean 'a year, two years, and half a year', i.e., 3½ years, which is consistent with the description in Revelation 13

Abomination of Desolation Occurs halfway (3½ years) through the tribulation The Antichrist puts an end to sacrifice and offering, and sets up an abomination in the temple ... but in the middle of the week he will put a stop to sacrifice and grain offering; and on the wing ofabominations (or detestable things)will come one whomakes desolate (or causes horror), even until acomplete destruction, one that is decreed, is poured out on the one whomakes desolate.” — Daniel 9:27 Those in Judea are told by Jesus to flee to the mountains “Therefore when you see theabomination of desolationwhich was spoken of through Daniel the prophet, standing inthe holy place(let the reader understand), then those who are in Judea must flee to the mountains. — Matthew 24:15

Second Coming of Christ (Parousia) The Greek word παρουσία (parousia) means "presence" or "coming/arrival" Occurs at the end of the tribulation ... with regard to thecoming (or presence) of our Lord Jesus Christ ... ... it will not comeunless theapostasy comes first, and theman of lawlessness [i.e., the Antichrist] is revealed, theson of destruction,who opposes and exalts himself aboveevery so-called god (or everyone who is called God) or object of worship, so that he takes his seat in the temple of God,displaying himself as being God. — 2 Thessalonians 2:1, 2:3–4 Then that lawless onewill be revealed whom the Lord will slaywith the breath of His mouth and bring to an end by theappearance of Hiscoming (or presence) — 2 Thessalonians 2:8 Believers who died before Christ's resurrection (e.g., OT believers) or after the Rapture (e.g., Tribulation saints) are given resurrected physical bodies, and join the raptured to reign with Christ during the Millennium Foras in Adam all die, so also inChrist all will be made alive.But each in his own order: Christthe first fruits, after thatthose who are Christ’s atHis coming

— 1 Corinthians 15:22–23 ... And I saw the souls of those who had been beheaded because of their (lit.: the) testimony of Jesus and because of the word of God, and those who had not worshiped the beast or his image, and had not received the mark on their forehead and on their hand; and they came to life and reigned with Christ for a thousand years. The rest of the dead did not come to life until the thousand years were completed. This is the first resurrection. — Revelation 20:4–5 From the order of events in Revelation, it appears that these believers are resurrected after the Battle of Armageddon Christ returns from Edom Who is this who comes fromEdom, withgarments ofglowing (or crimson) colors fromBozrah [in Jordan], this One who is majestic in His apparel, marching (lit.: inclining) in the greatness of His strength? “It is I who speak in righteousness,mighty to save.” “For theday of vengeance was in My heart, And My year of redemption has come. — Isaiah 63:1, 63:4 Mount of Olives bisected from ea...