eScience Lab 10: Cells PDF

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Beginner College Biology...

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Pre-Lab Questions 1. Identify three major similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Similarities: both have ribosomes, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm

Differences: eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. prokaryotic cells do not have any of these.

2. Where is the DNA housed in a prokaryotic cell? Where is it housed in a eukaryotic cell?

Eukaryotic: nucleus, prokaryotic: in the cytoplasm in the form of a nucleoid

3. Identify three structures which provide support and protection in a eukaryotic cell.

Cell membrane, cell wall, cytoskeleton

Experiment 1: Identifying Cell Structures Post-Lab Questions

1. Label

each

of

the

arrows

in

the

following

slide

image:

A chromosomes

B nucleus

C cytoplasm

D cell wall

2. What is the difference between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

The rough ER is studded with ribosomes while the smooth ER is not.

3. Would an animal cell be able to survive without mitochondria? Why or why not?

No, it would not be able to because without the mitochondria, the cell cannot perform cellular respiration, therefore, the energy from food cannot be converted into usable cellular energy.

4. What could you determine about a specimen if you observed a slide image showing the specimen with a cell wall, but no nucleus or mitochondria?

It would be reasonable to determine that the specimen is a prokaryotic cell, because although both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells both have cell walls, eukaryotic cells must have a nucleus and mitochondria. Prokaryotic cells do not have these.

5. Hypothesize why parts of a plant, such as the leaves, are green, but other parts, such as the roots, are not. Use scientific reasoning to support your hypothesis.

If the leaves of a plant are green but the roots are not, then the chemical chlorophyll is not present in the roots. Chlorophyll is the chemical that causes plants to be green in some areas, and it must absorb certain light rays from the sun to allow those parts of plants to appear green. The roots of a plant for example, do not have this pigment because they do not receive light from the sun, as they are underground.

Experiment 2: Create a Cell

Pictures: I included myself in the first picture by showing my hand in the gloves giving a thumbs up because that was the only way I could take a picture of both cells and show myself...

Post-Lab Questions 1. What cell structures did you place in the plant cell that you did not place in the animal cell?

Chloroplasts

2. Is there any difference in the structure of the two cells?

Yes, plant cells have a cell wall while animal cells do not.

3. What structures do organisms that lack cell walls have for support?

They have a cell membrane

4. How are organelles in a cell like organs in a human body?

Like organs in the human body, organelles in a cell each carry out certain functions, which rely on each other to continue to do so properly. These functions are vital to the cell.

5. How does the structure of a cell suggest its function? List three examples.

If a cell has a flagella for example, that suggests that they need to move to function. Cell membrane suggests that the cell has a barrier, a selectively permeable one.

Nucleic structure suggests that the cell has functions that deal with the keeping and transport of DNA....