Essay ON GOOD Governance PDF

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ESSAYON GOOD GOVERNANCE

1.I NTRODUCTI ON: Gov e r nanc ei mpl i e sc ont r ol ,di r ec t i on,andr ul ewi t haut hor i t yoradmi ni s t er s l awst ogover nasy s t e mt oac hi ev ec er t ai nobj ec t i v es.GoodGov er nancei mpl i es r unni ngadmi ni s t r at i onaccor di ngt ot hedefinedl awst oac hi ev et heobj e c t i v eof pr omot i ngt hewe l f ar eoft hepeopl ei nademoc r at i cor i ent e dor der .Bad gov e r nanceme ansdepar t i ngf r om t henor msofl awsands ubj e ct i ngsy s t e m of admi ni s t r at i ont owhi ms ,i di osyncr asi e soft her ul er st oac hi ev ece r t ai nul t e r i or mot i v esatt hecos tofnat i onali nt er es t s . Thehal l mar kofgr eatnat i onsi st hatt heyl e ar nf r om t hei rpastexper i encet o bec omewi seri nc onduc t i ngt hei rcur r entandf ut ur eaffai r s.Anot he rdi s t i nc t i v e f eat ur eofsuchnat i onsi st hatt he yt r yt ounder s t andt heeme r gi ngl ongt er m t r endst oi dent i f ynew c hal l enge s ,andpl anf ort hef ut ur esoast ot ake maxi mum adv ant ageoft heoppor t uni t i e sandav oi dt hepi t f al l st hatmayl i e ahead. Ont heot he rhand,t henat i onsont het r aj ec t or yofdec ayandul t i mat eobl i vi on nei t herl ear nf r om t hepas tnorhav et hei nc l i nat i ont ol ookahe adi nt ot he f ut ur et opl anf ort hei rse c ur i t y ,pr ogr es sandwel f ar e .Al li tl ac ksi nt hec ont e xt ofPaki s t an;soci al l y ,ec onomi cal l yandpol i t i cal l yaswel l . I nt hewor dsofMahbbubul Haq,‘ Cr i si si nGov e r nanc e ’ ,“ HumanDev e l opment Repor ti nSout hAsi a” : “ Gov er nanc ei st heex er ci s eofpol i t i c al ,e conomi candadmi ni s t r at i v eaut hor i t y t omanaget her es our ce sofac ount r y .I ti sal waysbase duponce r t ai nr ul esand l awse s t abl i shedbyt hemember sofasoci e t y .Thesel awsagr ee duponbyt he s oci e t yar e ,i nf ac t ,t omakegov e r nancepr owe l f ar ei nt hel ar ge ri nt e r es toft he peopl e .Theul t i mat egoalofgov er nanc ei shumandev e l opmentt hr ough dec r eas i nghumans uffe r i ngandi nc r easi ngoppor t uni t i es . ” Hef ur t herwr i t e s: “ GoodGov er nancei se xer ci s i ngaut hor i t yi nacc or danc ewi t ht hee s t abl i shed l aws,andanydi gr es si onorsubv e r si onf r om t he sel awsi sbadgov e r nanc e. Wher easGoodGover nanceguar ant e e ssaf e t yandse c ur i t yofhumanbei ngs andcr eat e sanat mos pher econduc i v et opr ogr es sandpr os per i t y .Bad gov e r nancehast hege r msoff at he r i nganumberofcr i s es .Nost at ei sf r eeofal l c r i sesbuti ti st hequal i t yofgov er nancet hatensur esi t ssurvi v alt hr oughany

c r i si s .Cr i s esfleeatt hehandsofGoodGov e r nanceandt he yar emul t i pl i e di n abdgov er nanc e.Cr i s i smanagementr e qui r ese mpl oymentofal lav ai l abl e r e sour c es ,human,physi calandt ec hnol ogi cali nt hebes tmannerandi ti sonl y possi bl ei nGoodGov er nance .St at e shavi ngGoodGover nancear ecapabl eof fight i nganycr i s i sev enwi t ht hemeage rr es our ces . ” Fourc har ac t er i s t i c s,name l y ,f ai r nes sormer i t ,c ompe t e nce ,abi l i t yand i nt e gr i t yunder l i neGoodGov e r nanc e .Asf orf ai r ne ss,i tcal l sf ore nsur i ng e qual i t yofoppor t uni t yt hr oughmer i t ,t r ans par e ncyt omee tt heendofj us t i ce . Compe t enc eandabi l i t yar ei nt er r e l at edi nasmuc hasabi l i t yi sl i nkedt o c ompe t e nceofani ndi vi dual .Ther ec ogni t i onofcompe t encet hr oughmer i ti n e mpl oymentnee dst obeac cor dedt hehi ghe s tpr i or i t yt ol aybasi sf orGood Gov e r nance .Thewor t hofani ndi vi duali nf unc t i onal l ys pec i ficsoc i e t i es dependsuponhi scompe t e nc eandabi l i t yt odoaj obeffic i ent l yr at he rt hanhi s f ami l yc onnec t i onst ose cur eaj obf orwhi c hhei snotsui t e d.Jobsar eoffer edt o i ndi vi dual sont hebasi soft hei rc ompe t e nc eandabi l i t yi nsoci et i est hathave GoodGov e r nance .I npl ur al i s t i csoci e t i e sl i kePaki s t an,i ti snott hesui t abi l i t y ofani ndi vi dualf orapar t i c ul arj obbuthi sc l anni shc onne c t i onspl ust he i nfluenc ehewi e l dsi npol i t i calhi er ar c hyt hatc oul dge thi m aj obt houghhe maynotposs es st her equi r edqual i fic at i ons.I nsuc hsoci e t i e smer i ti s di scar dedt oacc ommodat ec er t ai nf av our i t esandj obspar t i cul ar l yi npubl i c se c t orgot ot hosewhodonotposses scompe t e ncet omant hem.Handl i ngof j obsbyi nc ompe t e ntpe r s onne lgi v e sase tbac kt oGoodGov er nanc ef or ac hi evi ngeffic i e nt or i e nt e dr es ul t s . GoodGov e r nanc es t andsf ort hes t r engt hofv ar i oust ypesofi ns t i t ut i ons , pol i t i cal ,ec onomi candl eg al .I ns t i t ut i onsneedt obebui l tandsus t ai ned,whi c h c oul dguar ant e et hes ur vi v aloft henat i oni nt i mesofcat as t r ophe sorper i l s. I ns t i t ut i onsne edt obes t r onge rt hani ndi vi dual s .Unf or t unat e l y ,al i t t l eeffor t hasbe enmadet obui l di ns t i t ut i onsonast abl ef oot i ngi nPaki s t anas i ndi vi dualshav et ake napr ec edenceov eri ns t i t ut i ons .Thet r endi st obe r e v er se df orac hi evi ngr eals t abi l i t y .Thel at t e rcomesnott hr oughi ndi vi dual s butt hr oughi ns t i t ut i ons.Wemustnotal l ow t hee r osi onofi ns t i t ut i onst hr ough t hei di osync r at i cbe havi ourofr ul e r sandt hi swoul dnec e ss i t at emor edose sof democr acy .GoodGov e r nancei sl i nkedt ot hedev e l opmentofi ns t i t ut i ons ,and t hr ought hes ePaki s t ancanhopet omee tt hev ar i edchal l enge soft he21s t c ent ur y . 2.THE CRI SI SOFGOOD GOVERNANCE I N PAKI STAN:

Paki s t ansuffer sf r om anumberofcr i se s .Ev er yc r i si shasneg at i v eeffec toni t s pol i t yandsoc i e t y .Butt hef or emos tcr i s i st hatPaki s t ani sf aci ngi st hatof GoodGov e r nance .I ti st hecor eofal lot herpr obl ems. Paki s t anunf or t unat e l ypl unge di nt ot hec ur seofbadgov e r nancei nt heear l y y ear sofi t sl i f e.Thebl amei sof t enl ai datt hedoorofi mpe r i all e gacywe i nher i t e df r om t hecol oni alr ul er s .Buti ti st hef ac tt hatt hesy s t e m of gov e r nancet hatPaki s t ani nhe r i t e datt het i meofi t sbi r t hhadpr ov edi t swor t h f orover100y ear s.Undert hesamesy s t e m peopl ehadt r us tandc onfidenc ei n t hegov er nment .Li f eandpr oper t yofci t i z enswer ese c ur edt hr ough i mpl ement at i onofl aw.Af t e rt hepar t i t i on,t hef oundi ngf at her sofPaki s t angav e be str es ul t swi t ht hesamewher ewi t haldes pi t ehavi ngme agerr e sour ce s .But ast hes t at egr e w ol de randr esour ce sbec ameavai l abl et hequal i t yof gov e r nancest ar t e dt odec l i neandc ur r ent l yi ti satt henadi r .Af t e r58year s , t hedr eam oft hef at heroft henat i ons t i l lr emai nsunf ul fil l ed. Eve r yt i meanew gov e r nmentc omesi tdec l ar et heol dsy s t e msananat hema, t hr owsi tawayandes t abl i shesane w one .Af t e rsomanyexper i ment swi t ht he c ons t i t ut i ons t i l lwehav enotbeenabl et oachi ev et hedes i r edr es ul t s ,t hankst o poorgov e r nance .Changei nc ons t i t ut i onandl aw makesl i t t l edi ffe r encei ft he se l awsar enoti mpl e me nt e di nt hei rt r ues pi r i t .Ther ealpr obl em i satt he i mpl ement at i onl ev e l .Whenv es t edi nt er es t sandi ncompe t entoffici al sal l ow s ubv er s i ont ot hees t abl i shedl aw,ev ent hebes tl aw cannotbeofanyuse . Duet ot hebadgov e r nanceeducat i on,heal t h,ci vi cs er vi c es,agr i cul t ur al i nf r as t r uc t ur e–i si nt hes t at eofpar al ys i s .Ev ent hemos tbasi csoci alnee dsof c i t i z e nsar enotf ul fil l ed.Law andor der ,af undament aldut yofs t at ehas s uffe r e dagr eatse t bac k.Peopl edonotf ee lsaf eandse cur e .Pl ac esofwor shi p hav et obeguar dedf ort hef earoft e r r or i sm.Thi ssor r ys t at eofl aw andor der s car edt hei nv e s t or sawayf r om t hecount r yt her ebyse v er e l yhar mi ngt he ec onomy . Thecur seofbadgov er nancehasal soenv e l opedt hej udi ci ar y .I nc ont e mpor ar y t i mest her ei sagr eate mphasi songoodgov er nanc e .Oneoft hepi l l ar sofgood gov e r nancei st heexi st e nc eofi ndependent ,i mpar t i alandhones tj udi c i ar y . Fur t her ,t r uedemocr acyi st hehal l mar kofgoodgover nanc e .The r e f or e ,unt i l andunl es saf oundat i onf ort r uede mocr acyandi ndepe ndent ,i mpar t i aland hone s tj udi c i ar yi sl ai di nt hi scount ry ,t hepr os pec t sofe l i mi nat i onoft he e l eme nt sofbadgov er nancewi l lbeat al lor der .

I nt hecont e xtofPaki s t anpeopl ear ei ncr easi ngl yl os i ngconfidencei nt hi s i ns t i t ut i on.I t swor ki nghasbee nse v er e l yhar medbyt hei nc ompe t e ncyand i nsuffici encyoft heper sonnel .I nsomecase s ,pol i t i c ali nt e r f e r encei nt hewor k ofj udi ci ar yal soaffec t sbadl yt hequal i t yofj udgme nt .De l ayi ngt ac t i cshav e r e sul t e di nt ohugebac kl ogofcase s .I tconse quent l yde l ayst hede l i v er y .Cour t s ar emeantt obet hewat c hdogi naci vi ls oci e t yt okee peffec t i v ec hec konal l ot heri ns t i t ut i onsoft hes t at e .Thi sl of t yj obde mandseffici e ncyandhone s t yon t hepar tofj udi ci ar y .Badr eput at i onofcour t sasi nt hecaseofPaki s t an e ncour agesc or r upte l ementt ovi ol at et hel aws . Oneoft hemostdamagi ngeffect sofbadg ov er nanc ei st hepr ev al e nceof c or r upt i ont hatul t i mat e l yr es ul t si nl awl e ss nes s .Theabse nc eofi mpar t i aland i nde pendentacc ount abi l i t yhasr es ul t e di nt hegr owt hoft hi smons t er . Cor r upt i onhasbec omeanor mi noursoci et yr at hert hant heexc e pt i on. Anot herwor s te ffec tofbadgove r nancei st hati tki l l smer i t .Me r i torf ai r nes si s e ss ent i alf orgoodgov e r nanc e.Mer i tandgoodgov e r nancesuppor teac hot her . Badgov er nancegi v esbi r t ht onepot i s m andf av our i t i sm,whi c hi sant i t hes i sof f ai r nes s .I nas oci e t ybasedonmer i t ,i ti st hec ompe t enceandabi l i t yofa per sont hati st hecr i t e r i af ort heempl oymentorcont i nui t yofj ob. 3.PRESENTSCENARI OI N PAKI STAN: Theadmi ni s t r at i v es t r uc t ur et hatwasl ef tbe hi ndbyt heBr i t i shhasbee n l abe l l edadnauseam ast hel egac yoft hec ol oni alr ul e ,puti npl acet os af eguar d t hei nt er es t soft heRaj .Toanext entnoonecande nyt hi s.Butnoonecanal so denyt hef ac tt hatt hi ssy s t e m waswe l lgear edt oensur ej us t i c eandt he mai nt e nanceofl aw andor de r . Thest at eofgov er nancei st hesi ngl emos ti mpor t antf ac t ort hatde t er mi nest he qual i t yofpubl i cser vi c espr ovi dedt ot heci t i z ensofacount r y .Many i nde pendentbodi e sandai dage nci e st hathavel ookedi nt oPaki s t an’ s de ve l opmentpr obl emshaveat t r i but e dt hemal ai sei npubl i cse r vi c es— bet he y educat i on,heal t h,housi ng,wat e rsuppl y ,t r ans por t ,ors ani t at i on— t opoor admi ni s t r at i on. 1)Pove r t y: GoodGov e r nanc es t andsf orpov e r t yal l evi at i ont hr oughl ongt e r m Soci al Act i onPr ogr amme( SAP) .I nPaki st an,Pov er t yReduc t i onSt r at e gywas l aunchedbyt hegov e r nmenti n2001i nr es pons et ot her i si ngt r endi npov er t y dur i ng1990s .I tconsi s t e doft hef ol l owi ngfiv ee l ement s:( a)acc e l er at i ng

ec onomi cgr owt handmai nt ai ni ngmacr oec onomi cs t abi l i t y ,( b)i nv es t i ngi n humancapi t al ,( c)augment i ngt ar ge t e di nt e rv e nt i ons;( d)expandi ngsoci al s af e t yne t sand( e)i mpr ovi nggov er nance .Thene tout comeofi nt e r ac t i ons amongt he sefivee l eme nt swoul dbet heexpec t e dr educ t i oni nt r ans i t or yand c hr oni cpov er t yonasus t ai nedbasi s.Ther educ t i oni npov er t yand i mpr ov ementi ns oci ali ndi cat or sandl i vi ngc ondi t i onsoft hes oci e t yar ebei ng moni t or edf r equent l yt hr oughl ar ge -s cal ehouse hol dsur vey si nor de rt og auge t hei rpr ogr es si nme e t i ngt het ar ge t sse tbyPaki s t anf orac hi evi ngt hese v enUN Mi l l enni um De v e l opmentGoal sby2015. Nots ur pr i si ngl y ,t hefigur e sci t e dbyt hegov e r nmentf orpeopl el i vi ngbe l ow t he pov er t yl i nehav ecomet obewi de l yque s t i oned.Wi t hpov er t yal l evi at i onbei ng t hebuz z wor dt hes edaysi nourec onomi cands oci aldev el opmentandake y c r i t e r i onf orai dgi v er s,i ti sunder s t andabl et hatt hepol i cymake r sar e de spe r at e l yt r yi ngt opr ov et hesucc es soft hei rst r at egyi nt er msoff al l i ng pov er t yl ev el s.Butunf or t unat e l ywi shesar enothor se sandt hegove r nment wi l lhav et odobe t t ert oac hi ev ei t sgoal s.I tnow appe ar st hatt hegov e r nment ’ s c l ai m ofpov er t ybei ng23. 9perce nti sbei ngc hal l enge dnotj us tbyec onomi st s i nt hec ount r ybutal sot heWor l dBankandt heUNDP.Bot ht hes eagenci es hav ec omeupwi t hdi ffer entfigur es— 25. 7perce ntbyt heUNDPand28. 3per c entbyt heWor l dBank.Thi si snodoubtembar r ass i ngf ort hegov er nment , whi c hhasr epeat e dl yc l ai medt hati t ses t i mat e shavebe enendor se dbyt he donorage nci es .Buti ti sst i l lnott ool at et or ec t i f yt heer r orsot hatour ec onomi cpl anni ngi snotbase doni l l usi onar ys t at i s t i cs. 2)I nflat i on: I nflat i onse e medt obeac hr oni cpr obl em i nmanypar t soft hewor l d.Ther ei sa wi des pr eadr ec ogni t i ont hati nflat i onr es ul t si ni neffici e ntr es our ceal l ocat i on andhe ncer educ espot e nt i alec onomi cgr owt h.I nflat i oni mpos eshi ghcos ton ec onomi e sandsoc i e t i e s;di s pr opor t i onat e l yhur t st hepoorandfixedi ncome gr oupsandcr eat esunc er t ai nt yt hr oughoutt heec onomyandunder mi nes mac r oec onomi cs t abi l i t y .Hi ghi nflat i onhasal wayspenal i z edt hepoormor e t hant her i c hbe causet hepoorar el es sabl et opr ot e c tt hemse l v esagai ns tt he c ons equences ,andl e ssabl et ohe dgeagai ns tt her i s kst hathi ghi nflat i on poses .Lower i ngi nflat i ont her ef or e ,di r ec t l ybenefit st hel ow andfixedi nc ome gr oups.Paki s t anhaswi t nes se dal ow i nflat i onenvi r onme ntf ort hel as tse v er al y ear sbute xper i ence dashar ppi c kedupl as tye arat9. 3per ce nt . 3)Economi cGr owt h:

Economi cgr owt hi st heengi neofempl oymentge ner at i onandpov er t y al l evi at i on.I nor dert osust ai nt hi ss t r ongpaceofgr owt handmai nt ai nhe al t hy andvi gor ousmac r oec onomi ci ndi cat or swoul dr equi r eapr ol onge dper i odof mac r oec onomi cs t abi l i t y ,financi aldi sc i pl i ne,andconsi s t entandt r ans par ent pol i c i es .Thes e ,al ongwi t hi mpr ov edgov er nanc eandbe t t erqual i t y i nf r as t r uc t ur ewoul denc our agepr i v at ese c t ort opl ayal eadi ngr ol ei n pr omot i ngi nv e s t mentandgr owt h.Thegov er nmentoni t spar tmus ti dent i f y andpr omot esec t or s ,whi c har econsi der ednotonl yt obet hemaj ordr i v er sof gr owt hbutal sohav et hegr eat es tpot e nt i alofcr eat i ngmor eempl oyme nt oppor t uni t i e s. 4)Pr ovi nci alRi v al r y: Thedi spar i t yi nt hesi z eandr es our c esoft hepr ovi nc eshascr eat e dt hef e el i ng i nt hes mal l eruni t st hatt he yar ebei ngdomi nat edandev ene xpl oi t e dbyt he l ar ge rpr ovi nc e .Awayoutoft hi st hr obbi ngpoi nti st oal l ow al lt hepr ovi nc es s uffici e ntaut onomysot hatt he ycanf r amet hei rownpol i c i esandr unt hei r ownaffai r sast heyt hi nkfitwi t hi nt hebr oadf r ame wor koft hef ede r at i on.The 1973Const i t ut i on,whi c hwasappr ov edbyac onse nsus,pr ovi desasmal l measur eofaut onomyf ort hepr ovi nc es .Ev enmuc hoft hi shasbeensi phoned awaybyt heamendment sanddi s t or t i onst hathav ec hange dt heBasi cLaw be yondr ecogni t i on.Fori ns t anc e,t hec hange sbr oughtabouti nt hes t r uc t ur eof t hel ocalgov er nmentbyt hemi l i t ar y l edgov er nmenthav ee nhanc edt he c ent r e’ shol dont headmi ni s t r at i onatt hegr as sr oot sl ev e l .Thepr ovi nc eshav e bee nunabl et oass er tt hei raut hor i t yandwi l li nmanysuc hmat t e r sbe causeof t hei rdependenc eonI sl amabadf ort he i rfinanci alr es our c es.Thei rt axat i on power sar el i mi t e dand,ac cor di ngt oonees t i mat e ,t he yc annotge ner at emor e t han10perc entoft hei rr ev enuenee ds.Tomee tt heshor t f al l ,t hepr ovi nc es r e l yont hef ede r aldi vi si bl epool ,subv ent i onsandgr ant sf r om t hec ent r e .Ther e i sal s ot hei nt e r f er encewhi c hcomesf r om I sl amabadi nt hes hapeof appoi nt me nt sofse ni oroffic er si nt hepr ovi nci aladmi ni s t r at i ons . 5)Unempl oyment : 6)I l l i t er acy: 7)Law & Or der : 8)Sec t ar i anVi ol e nce : 9)Cor r upt i on: 10)Popul at i onsc enar i o: 11)Pr i v at i sat i on: 12)Pol i t i cali ns t abi l i t y:

13) 4.NATI ONALCOMMI SSI ON FOR GOVERNMENTREFORM: Thegov er nme nthasr ecent l yes t abl i sheds t i l lanot heragenc ywhosemi ss i on appear st obes i mi l art ot hatoft heNRB.Cal l edt heNat i onalCommi ss i onf or Gov e r nmentRe f or m( NCGR) ,i ti st oc onsi s tof11member sfiveofwhom wi l lbe se r vi ngorr e t i r edc i vi lse rv ant s ,t hr eef e de r alorpr ovi nci almi ni s t e r s,andt wo dr awnf r om t hec or por at ese c t or .I shr atHusai n,f or mergov er noroft heSt at e BankofPaki s t an,wi l lbei t shead. Wr i t i ngi nt hi sne ws pape r( Jul y9,2006) ,MrHusai nt e l l sust hatt he c ommi ss i onwi l lr epor tonceev er yt hr e emont hst oa“ s t e er i ngcommi t t ee , ”c oc hai r edbyt hepr esi dentandt hepr i memi ni s t e randi nc l udi ngt hef our pr ovi nci alchi e fmi ni s t e r s.Thi scommi t t e ewi l lconsul tt hec ent r aland pr ovi nci alcabi ne t s ,hi gherc i vi lse r vant s,pol i t i ci ans ,and“ naz i ms ”r eg ar di ng t hec ommi ss i on’ sr ec ommendat i ons .Oncei thasappr ovedt hem,t heywi l lbe dee medt ohav ebee nappr ov edbygov er nment satal ll ev e l s . Heal sos ayst hathi sc ommi s si onwi l lwat c ht hefil t er i ngdownt ot hemass esof t hepr os per i t yt obege ner at e dbye conomi cgr owt hand,i nt hes ame c onnect i on,i twi l lwantt omakepubl i coffici al sr es pons i v et ot hec ommon man’ sneeds .Butappar ent l y ,i twi l lnotbec onc er nedwi t ht hepol i t i cal di mensi onofgov er nance .Thi somi ss i onmayr enderi t sent er pr i sebar r en,f or pol i t i csandadmi ni s t r at i onar ei next r i cabl yl i nked.Thec ommi ss i onwant st o maket hebur e aucr acybot heffici entandr e s ponsi v e.Theques tf oreffici ency mayr equi r emoder ni s at i onofe qui pment ,c hangei nme t hodsandpr oc edur e s, s i mpl i ficat i onofwor kflow ( s ki ppi ngunnec es sar yst opsont hewayupor down) ,de l e gat i onofaut hor i t yandr es ponsi bi l i t y ,andmi t i gat i on,i fnot e l i mi nat i on,ofcor r upt i on.I nst al l at i onofnewerequi pment ,met hods,and pr oc edur edoesnotr e qui r eal otmor et hanamodes tamountoft r ai ni ng. De l e gat i onofaut hor i t yander adi cat i onofc or r upt i onar et hemor ei nt r act abl e pr obl e ms .

Cr i s i sofGoodGov e r nancei nPaki st an ByDr .Qur at ulAi nMal i k( I TG)

I NTRODUCTI ON Goodgov e r nancei sapr er equi si t ef orsoci alhar mony ,publ i cor der ,pol i t i cal s t abi l i t y ,e conomi cpr os per i t yandce r t ai nt yaboutf ut ur e .I tde l i v er st hef r ui t ofpr ogr es sanddev e l opmente v enl yt oal lands undry .Goodgov er nanc ei s r e qui r edatal ll ev e l sofsoci e t yands t at e.

ESSENTI ALSOFGOOD GOVERNANCE 1. Pr omot i onofnat i onalcohes i on 2. Nat i onali nt egr at i on 3. I nst i t ut i onalsupr emacy 4. I ndependentj udi ci ar y 5. Cons t i t ut i onals upr emacy 6. Rul eofl aw 7. Pol i t i cals t abi l i t y 8. Educat i onaloppor t uni t i es 9. Soci oe conomi cdev e l opment 10.

Equaldi st r i but i onofr es our c es

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We l f ar es t at ewi t hpr ovi si onofsoci alse cur i t i es

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St r ongwr i toft hegov er nmentonal lf r ont s

SI TUATI ON OFGOVERNANCE I N PAKI STAN 1. For cesofdi s i nt e gr at i on-s t r onge rt hanf or c esofcohes i on 2. Weakwr i toft hegov er nment 3. Abse nc eofi ndependentj udi ci ar y 4. Nor ul eofl aw 5. Pol i t i cali ns t abi l i t y 6. I nt e r pr ovi nci alc onfli c t s 7. Unequaldi s t r i but i onofr esour ce s 8. Paki st anpr e se nt i ngapi c t ur eofext r emebadgov er nanc eonal l nat i onalf r ont s CAUSES

Pol i t i calcause s 1. Par l i ament ,at oot hl es st i ge r 2. Pol i t ...