Exam 1 June, questions and answers PDF

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Chapter Number: 04 Question type: Multiple Choice 1) Which of the following is NOT one of the main tissue types found in the human body? c) myocardial 2) These types of cell junctions anchor adjacent cells together and resist their separation during contractile activities. c) adherens junctions and desmosomes 3) The thin extracellular layer, consisting of the basal and reticular lamina, that anchors epithelial cells to underlying connective tissue is called the a) basement membrane. 4) Epithelial tissue a) is used as a covering of body surfaces. b) is used as a lining of body cavities and hollow organs. c) is used to form glands. d) usually has a free surface that interacts with external environment. e) All of these answer choices are correct. Answer: e 5) Name and briefly describe the different categories of epithelial tissues based on cell shape and number of layers of cells found in the tissue. Solution: Based on cell shape, epithelial tissues can be divided into four categories including: 1) squamous which are thin and flat, 2) cuboidal which are similar in width and height, 3) columnar are taller than they are wide and 4) transitional which can change shape from cuboidal to squamous and back again. Epithelial tissues can also be categorized based on the number of layers of cells found in the tissue. These categories include: 1) simple which means a single layer of cells, 2) stratified which is two or more layers of cells and 3) pseudo stratified which is one layer of cells that appears multi-layered due to the arrangement of the nuclei in the cells. 6) Which type of epithelial tissue is found lining the heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels? a) Simple squamous epithelium 7) Which type of epithelial tissue forms the most superficial layer of the skin? c) Stratified squamous epithelium 8) Which type of epithelial tissue lines the ducts of sweat glands and esophageal glands? d) Stratified cuboidal epithelium 9) Which type of epithelial tissue lines the fallopian tubes, uterus, and some bronchioles of the respiratory tract? b) Simple columnar epithelium

10) In which of the following locations would you most likely find transitional epithelial cells? c) Lining of the urinary bladder 11) Which of the following types of glands are categorized by whether their ducts are branched or unbranched? b) Multicellular exocrine glands 12) Which type of multicellular exocrine gland has a branched rounded secretory part attached to a single unbranched duct and is found mainly in sebaceous glands? d) Simple branched acinar gland 13) Functional classification of exocrine glands is based on c) how the gland releases its secretory product. 14) Which type of exocrine gland accumulates its secretory product in the cytosol of its cells until the cell ruptures and becomes part of the secretory product? c) Holocrine 15) The extracellular matrix of connective tissue consists of e) protein fibers and ground substance. 16) Which of the following is NOT a connective tissue? e) Epidermis 17) Which component of connective tissue is found between the cells and fibers, and functions to support and bind cells in the tissue together? c) Ground substance 18) Which of the following is a polysaccharide commonly found in the ground substance of connective tissues? a) Hyaluronic acid 19) Which of the following types of fibers are commonly found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue? a) Elastic b) Reticular c) Collagen d) All of these answer choices are correct. 20) Reticular fibers in soft organs like the spleen and liver form a supporting framework called the d) stroma. 21) Which of the following is classified as loose connective tissue? c) Areolar connective tissue

22) Which of the following is a location where adipose tissue is commonly found? a) Subcutaneous layer deep to the skin 23) The main function of dense regular connective tissues is d) providing strong attachment between structures like muscle and bones. 24) The pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs are composed of which type of connective tissue? c) Fibrocartilage 25) Name and briefly describe the two types of growth seen in cartilage. Solution: Growth of cartilage can be classified as interstitial or appositional. In interstitial growth, the cartilage increases rapidly in size due to the division of existing chondrocytes and the continuous deposition of increasing amounts of matrix by the chondrocytes. In appositional growth, activity of the cells in the inner chondrogenic layer of the perichondrium leads to growth. Deeper layers divide and cells mature resulting in the matrix accumulating beneath the perichondrium on the outer surface of the cartilage causing it to grow in width. 26) What is the basic structural unit of compact bone tissue? a) osteon 27) Spongy bone tissue lacks d) osteons. 28) The extracellular matrix of blood tissue consists of c) plasma. 29) Which of the following types of membranes found in the human body does NOT contain epithelial tissue? d) Synovial membrane 30) Which type of membrane lines a body cavity that does not open directly to the exterior and the organs contained in that body cavity? b) Serous membrane 31) Immature, undifferentiated cells that can divide to replace lost or damaged cells are called a) stem cells.

32) In the diagram shown below, which cell junction is a desmosome?

ANS: C 33) In the diagram shown below, which cellular junction is a tight junction?

ANS: A

34) In the diagram shown below, where is the apical surface of the epithelial cell? Ans: A

35) In the diagram shown below, which of the indicated structures is composed of basal lamina and reticular lamina? ANS: D

36) Which of the light micrographs in the figure below shows a simple columnar epithelium?

Ans: C

37) Which of the light micrographs in the figure below shows a stratified cuboidal epithelium?

ANS: d) E

38) Which of the light micrographs in the figure below shows a pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

ANS: D 39) In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows the type of cartilage that is most abundant in the human body? ANS: G

40) In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows areolar connective tissue? ANS; A

41) In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows reticular connective tissue?

ANS: C

42) In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows fibrocartilage?

a) E b) F c) G d) H e) I Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 4.5 Describe the properties of the various types of connective tissues. Study Objective 2: SO 4.5.2 Describe the structure, location, and function of the various types of connective tissues. Section Reference 1: Sec 4.5 Connective Tissue

43) In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows dense regular connective tissue?

a) C b) D c) E d) F e) G Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 4.5 Describe the properties of the various types of connective tissues. Study Objective 2: SO 4.5.2 Describe the structure, location, and function of the various types of connective tissues. Section Reference 1: Sec 4.5 Connective Tissue

44) In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows blood?

a) J b) I c) H d) G e) F Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 4.5 Describe the properties of the various types of connective tissues. Study Objective 2: SO 4.5.2 Describe the structure, location, and function of the various types of connective tissues. Section Reference 1: Sec 4.5 Connective Tissue

45) In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows the type of connective tissue that contains the Hardest matrix of all connective tissues?

a) J b) I c) G d) B e) D Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 4.5 Describe the properties of the various types of connective tissues. Study Objective 2: SO 4.5.2 Describe the structure, location, and function of the various types of connective tissues. Section Reference 1: Sec 4.5 Connective Tissue

46) In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows a muscle tissue that is under involuntary control?

1A 2B 3C a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 1 and 2 e) 1 and 3 Answer: e Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 4.7 Contrast the properties of the different types of muscle tissue. Study Objective 2: SO 4.7.2 Contrast the structure, location, and mode of control of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle tissue. Section Reference 1: Sec 4.7 Muscular Tissue

47) In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows cardiac muscle?

a) A b) B

c) C d) All of these answer choices are correct. e) None of these answer choices are correct. Answer: c Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 4.7 Contrast the properties of the different types of muscle tissue. Study Objective 2: SO 4.7.2 Contrast the structure, location, and mode of control of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle tissue. Section Reference 1: Sec 4.7 Muscular Tissue

Question type: Essay

48) Briefly describe the four parts of an osteon. Answer: Difficulty: Hard Study Objective 1: SO 4.5 Describe the properties of the various types of connective tissues. Study Objective 2: SO 4.5.2 Describe the structure, location, and function of the various types of connective tissues. Section Reference 1: Sec 4.5 Connective Tissue Solution: Each osteon includes lamellae, lacunae, canaliculi and a Haversian canal. The lamellae are concentric rings of matrix that consist of mineral salts and collagen fibers. Lacunae are small spaces between lamellae that contain mature bone cells called osteocytes. Projecting from the lacunae are canaliculi, which are networks of minute canals containing the processes of osteocytes. Canaliculi provide routes for nutrients to reach osteocytes and for wastes to leave them. A central Haversian canal contains blood vessels and nerves.

49) Name and describe the types of cells commonly found in connective tissue. Answer: Difficulty: Hard Study Objective 1: SO 4.5 Describe the properties of the various types of connective tissues. Study Objective 2: SO 4.5.1 Describe the general features of connective tissue. Section Reference 1: Sec 4.5 Connective Tissue Solution: Connective tissue can contain fibroblasts, which are large, flat cells with branching projections that secrete the fibers and ground substance of the matrix. Macrophages develop from monocytes and are irregular shaped with short branching projections and are capable of engulfing bacteria and cellular debris by phagocytosis. Plasma cells secrete antibodies that attack or neutralize foreign substances in the body. Mast cells produce histamine that dilates small

blood vessels. Adipocytes store triglycerides. White blood cells migrate from blood to connective tissue in response to certain immune system conditions.

Question type: Multiple Choice

50) Which of the following types of tissues is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body? a) skeletal muscle b) smooth muscle c) cardiac muscle d) intercalated cells e) myoblasts Answer: c Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 4.7 Contrast the properties of the different types of muscle tissue. Study Objective 2: SO 4.7.2 Contrast the structure, location, and mode of control of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle tissue. Section Reference 1: Sec 4.7 Muscular Tissue

51) Which of the following types of tissues is made up of small spindle-shaped cells and is commonly found in the walls of hollow organs? a) skeletal muscle b) smooth muscle c) cardiac muscle d) transitional epithelium e) areolar tissue Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 4.7 Contrast the properties of the different types of muscle tissue. Study Objective 2: SO 4.7.1 Describe the general features of muscular tissue. Section Reference 1: Sec 4.7 Muscular Tissue

52) Which of the following types of tissues contains multinucleated cells whose movements are under voluntary control? a) skeletal muscle

b) smooth muscle c) cardiac muscle d) transitional epithelium e) areolar tissue Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 4.7 Contrast the properties of the different types of muscle tissue. Study Objective 2: SO 4.7.1 Describe the general features of muscular tissue. Section Reference 1: Sec 4.7 Muscular Tissue

Question type: Essay

53) Compare and contrast the functional and structural characteristics of the three types of muscle tissue. Answer: Difficulty: Hard Study Objective 1: SO 4.7 Contrast the properties of the different types of muscle tissue. Study Objective 2: SO 4.7.1 Describe the general features of muscular tissue. Section Reference 1: Sec 4.7 Muscular Tissue Solution: Both cardiac and skeletal muscle tissues are striated and smooth muscle is not, hence its name. Skeletal muscle cells have more than one nucleus and are large and run parallel to each other. Cardiac muscle cells usually have only one nucleus and are branched. They also are connected to each other via gap junctions and desmosomes. This area is known as the intercalated discs. Smooth muscle cells are small spindle-shaped cells that form thick layers around the hollow organs. Like cardiac muscle cells, some smooth muscle cells communicate via gap junctions. Skeletal muscle is voluntarily controlled while both cardiac and smooth muscle tissue are involuntary.

Question type: Multiple Choice

54) Which following types of cells are considered excitable cells because they are able to produce electrical signals? a) neuroglial cells and myofibers b) myofibers and connective tissue cells c) neuroglial cells and neurons d) neurons and epithelial cells e) myofibers and neurons

Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 4.9 Explain the concept of electrical excitability. Section Reference 1: Sec 4.9 Excitable Cells

55) Which of the light micrographs in the figure below shows the type of epithelial tissue whose functions include filtration, diffusion, osmosis, and secretion in serous membranes?

a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 4.4 Describe the properties of the different types of epithelial tissues. Study Objective 2: SO 4.4.2 List the location, structure, and function of each different type of epithelial tissues. Section Reference 1: Sec 4.4 Epithelial Tissue

56) Which of the light micrographs in the figure below shows the type of epithelial tissue that lines the kidney tubules?

a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

Answer: b Difficulty: Hard Study Objective 1: SO 1.4 Describe the properties of the different types of epithelial tissues. Study Objective 2: SO 4.4.2 List the location, structure, and function of each different type of epithelial tissues. Section Reference 1: Sec 4.4 Epithelial Tissue

57) Which of the following figures shows tissue whose functions are secretion and absorption?

a) B b) C c) D d) G e) H

Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 4.4 Describe the properties of the different types of epithelial tissues. Study Objective 2: SO 4.4.2 List the location, structure, and function of each different type of epithelial tissues. Section Reference 1: Sec 4.4 Epithelial Tissue

58) Which of the light micrographs in the following figure shows a type of epithelial tissue whose functions include movement of mucus over their apical surface by ciliary action?

1B 2C 3E

a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 2 and 3 only e) All of these Answer choices are correct. Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 4.4 Describe the properties of the different types of epithelial tissues. Study Objective 2: SO 4.4.2 List the location, structure, and function of each different type of epithelial tissues. Section Reference 1: Sec 4.4 Epithelial Tissue

59) Which of the light micrographs in the following figure shows the type of epithelial tissue found lining the large excretory ducts of esophageal gland and whose functions include

protection and secretion?

a) A b) D c) E d) G e) H Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 4.4 Describe the properties of the different types of epithelial tissues. Study Objective 2: SO 4.4.2 List the location, structure, and function of each different type of epithelial tissues. Section Reference 1: Sec 4.4 Epithelial Tissue

60) Which of the light micrographs in the following figure shows the type of epithelial tissue whose structure allows it to be stretched or distended?

a) A b) D c) E d) G e) H Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 4.4 Describe the properties of the different types of epithelial tissues. Study Objective 2: SO 4.4.2 List the location, structure, and function of each different type of epithelial tissues. Section Reference 1: Sec 4.4 Epithelial Tissue

61) Which of the light micrographs in the following figure shows the type of epithelial tissue that lines the urinary bladder walls?

a) A b) B c) C d) D e) H Answer: e Difficulty: Hard Study Objective 1: SO 4.4 Describe the properties of the different types of epithelial tissues. Study Objective 2: SO 4.4.2 List the location, structure, and function of each different type of epithelial tissues. Section Reference 1: Sec 4.4 Epithelial Tissue

62) Which of the following figures shows tissue found along the developing bones of the embryo?

a) A b) B c) C d) E e) F Answer: a Difficulty: Hard Study Objective 1: SO 4.5 Describe the properties of the various types of connective tissues. Study Objective 2: SO 4.5.2 Describe the structure, location, and function of the various types of connective tissues. Section Reference 1: Sec 4.5 Connective Tissue

63) Which of the following figures shows tissue that is found in tendons and ligaments?

a) B b) C c) D d) E e) F Answer: d Difficulty: Hard Study Objective 1: SO 4.5 Describe the properties of the various types of connective tissues. Study Objective 2: SO 4.5.2 Describe the structure, location, and function of the various types of connective tissues. Section Reference 1: Sec 4.5 Connective Tissue

64) Which of the following figures shows tissue that is found in the trachea?

a) B b) C c) E d) F e) G Answer: d Difficulty: Hard Study Objective 1: SO 4.5 Describe the properties of the various types of connective tissues. Study Objective 2: SO 4.5.2 Describe the structure, location, and function of the various types of connective tissues. Section Reference 1: Sec 4.5 Connective Tissue

65) Which is a function of the tissue shown in diagram A?

a) heat production b) pumping of blood c) propulsion of food d) contraction of bladder e) conduct nerve impulses to muscle fibers Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 4.7 Contrast the properties of the different types of muscle tissue. Study Objective 2: SO 4.7.2 Contrast the structure, location, and mode of control of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle tissue. Section Reference 1: Sec 4.7 Muscular Tissue

66) Which is a function of the tissue shown in diagram D?

a) heat production b) pumping of blood c) propulsion of food d) contraction of bladder e) conduct nerve impulses to muscle fibers Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 4.8 Describe the structural features and functions of nervous tissue. Section Reference 1: Sec 4.8 Nervous Tissue

67) Which of the following is an abnormal joining of tissues resulting from the formation of scar tissue at a previous site of inflammation or surgical repair? a) adhesions b) articulations c) cysts d) granulomas e) osteophytes

Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 4.10 Describe the role of tissue repair in restoring homeostasis. Section Reference 1: Sec 4.10 Tissue Repair: Restoring Homeostasis

68) Which of the following is a term used to describe a decrease in the s...