Exam 2 philosophy exam PDF

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Exam 2 Study Guide VOCAB Social Contract Theory: people live together in society in accordance with an agreement that establishes moral and political views of behavior. Prisoner Dilemma: People are more inclined to testify if the other person has the opportunity to extend their sentence. Wilt Chamberlin Argument: Nozick believes this is a violation of rights. Chamberlin deserves more money because people are willing to give. Self-ownership Argument: Is the concept of property in one's own person, expressed as the moral or natural right of a person to have bodily integrity and be the exclusive controller of one's own body and life. Rawls Difference Principle: Inequalities are only just if they act in the favor of the less off. Liberty Principle: Each person is to have an equal right to the most extensive basic liberty compatible with a similar liberty for others. Problem of Original Acquisition Rawls: The acquisition that most natural resource was by force. With or without force government has the right to confiscate and redistribute. Strict Egalitarianism: Everyone should have access to exactly the same resources Luck Egalitarianism: We should equalize the distributive effects of luck. Veil of ignorance: A thought when behind the veil all will choose equality. Rawls Maximin Rule: Maximize utility of worst outcome. Libertarian Society: Free market economy Meritocratic Society: Fair equality of opportunity Egalitarian: Rawls difference principle. Game theory: People are rational and self-interested. Lockean Provisio: Individuals have a right to homestead private property from nature by working on it, they can do so only "at least where there is enough, and as good, left in common for others.

PHILOSOPHERS AND POSITIONS Hobbes: Philosophical absolutism. Government should reflect the leviathan (from bible) Believes that the state of nature is the state of war. Believes in the social contract. Government must be overpowering in order to protect us from our own selves. The government needs to be over powering and should have no limits. Revolt should be avoided. All people are selfinterested and all people are rational. Locke: Philosophical and biblical constitutionalism. Limitation of government by law. Believes in natural rights as life liberty and property. Also supports the idea of a social contract and the state of nature and says it was relatively peaceful. Believes that the government is there to assist the people and protect the natural rights. Government power can also be limited. When the government is doing more harm than good and violating rights then you have the right to rebel. 3 restrictions on the accumulation of property in the state of nature. 1) One may only

appropriate as much as one can use before it spoils. 2) One must leave “enough and as good” for others (Lockean Provisio). 2) Can gain property if made or created by one’s labor. Rousseau: Believes that the state of nature was extremely peaceful and happy. Problems began when people moved to cities and from then started comparing themselves. Wrote the social contract. Rawls: Justice is fairness. Believes strongly that reason for wealth and poorness is all because of luck. Down to the lottery of birth. He believes that there will be inequalities but they are only just if it benefits those that have less. This is the difference principle. Also brings up the veil of ignorance in order to minimize bad utility. Nozick: Taking money from Wilt Chamberlin is a violation of natural rights to property. Taking money from Chamberlin will inhibit freedom and introduce inefficiencies. If you are given something legitimately from somebody then you are now the rightful owner. “the tale of a slave”. Marx: Communist. Modern Work is alienated. Modern work is insecure. Workers get paid little while capitalist get rich. According to Marx profit is theft. Capitalism is very unstable and will continue to be that way. Unemployment can also be seen as freedom. Capitalism is even bad for capitalist (for example people start marrying for business and lose sight of healthy relationships. Property rights are not natural but historically specific. Property rights protect freedom from but not freedom to. It is unjust to sacrifice fairness for greater efficiency. Marx argues that capitalism ultimately founders on what he terms the twin crises of overproduction and undercompensating. How to respond to essay question Nozick: use entitlement conditions and wilt Chamberlin example. Rawls: Use veil of ignorance difference principle and maximin rule....