Exam 4 - Chapters 11-14 (with answers) PDF

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Name ________________________________ EXAM 4 BIO 105, Chapters 11, 12, 13, and 14

Match the following: A) Depolarization B) Relative refractory period C) Action potential D) Absolute refractory period E) Repolarization

1) The neuron cannot respond to a second stimulus, no matter how strong. 2) The interior of the cell becomes less negative due to an influx of sodium ions. 3) The specific period during which potassium ions diffuse out of the neuron due to a change in membrane permeability. 4) Also called a nerve impulse transmitted by axons. 5) An exceptionally strong stimulus can trigger a response.

Match the following: A) Spatial summation B) Threshold stimulus C) Subthreshold stimulus D) Temporal summation

6) Numerous nerve impulses arriving at a synapse at closely timed intervals exert a cumulative effect. 7) Stimulation of a postsynaptic neuron by many terminals at the same time. 8) An insufficient stimulus. 9) Any stimulus below this intensity will result in no response in a neuron.

Multiple-Choice Questions 10) Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes? A) support and brace neurons B) anchor neurons to blood vessels C) guide the migration of young neurons, synapse formation, and helping to determine capillary permeability D) control the chemical environment around neurons E) provide the defense for the CNS

11) Which of the choices below describes the ANS? A) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands B) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles C) sensory neurons that convey information from somatic receptors in the head, body wall, and limbs and from receptors from the special senses of vision, hearing, taste, and smell to the CNS D) sensory and motor neurons that supply the digestive tract

12) What are ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid called? A) ependymal cells B) Schwann cells C) oligodendrocytes D) astrocytes

Match the following: A) Thalamus B) Prefrontal area C) Hypothalamus D) Primary motor cortex

13) A major relay station for sensory information ascending to primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex. Contains many specialized nuclei.

14) This brain area associates experiences necessary for the production of abstract ideas, judgment, and conscience. 15) The axons from this area form the major pyramidal tracts. 16) This area is the main visceral control center of the body.

Match the following: A) Brain stem B) Thalamus C) Cerebrum D) Hypothalamus E) Cerebellum

17) Gateway to the cerebrum 18) Motor command center 19) Survival center 20) Executive suite 21) Visceral command center

22) The brain stem consists of the ________. A) cerebrum, pons, midbrain, and medulla B) midbrain, medulla, and pons C) pons, medulla, cerebellum, and midbrain D) midbrain only

23) The primary auditory cortex is located in the ________. A) prefrontal lobe B) frontal lobe C) temporal lobe D) parietal lobe

24) Spinocerebellar tracts ________. A) terminate in the spinal cord B) carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum C) give rise to conscious experience of perception D) are found in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord

25) What cells line the ventricles of the brain? A) ependymal cells B) neurons C) epithelial cells D) astrocytes

Match the following: A) Pharyngotympanic tube B) Otoliths C) Vestibule D) Tympanic membrane

26) Ear stones. 27) Connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx. 28) Separates external acoustic meatus from the middle ear. 29) Contains utricle and saccule. 30) Detects linear acceleration.

Match the following reflexes to their function: A) Plantar B) Crossed-extensor C) Flexor D) Stretch

E) Golgi tendon

31) Tests both upper and lower motor pathways. The sole of the foot is stimulated with a dull instrument. 32) Consists of an ipsilateral withdrawal reflex and a contralateral extensor reflex; important in maintaining balance. 33) Produces a rapid withdrawal of the body part from a painful stimulus; ipsilateral. 34) Prevents muscle overstretching and maintains muscle tone. 35) Produces muscle relaxation and lengthening in response to tension; the contracting muscle relaxes as its antagonist is activated.

Match the following: A) Sensorineural deafness B) Tinnitus C) Conduction deafness

36) Loss of hearing resulting from prolonged exposure to high-intensity sounds. 37) Can result from the fusion of the auditory ossicles. 38) A possible side effect of medications such as aspirin. 39) One of the most common results of otitis media. 40) Can result from impacted cerumen.

Multiple-Choice Questions

41) The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of ________. A) parasympathetic innervation B) sympathetic stimulation C) vagus nerve activity D) neurosecretory substances

42) Which of the following does not describe the ANS? A) a system of motor neurons that innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glands B) a system of motor neurons that innervates all muscle cells C) involuntary nervous system D) general visceral motor system

43) Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response is the role of the ________. A) sympathetic nervous system B) cerebrum C) parasympathetic nervous system D) somatic nervous system

44) The somatic and autonomic nervous systems differ in all of the following except ________. A) their effectors B) their efferent pathways C) to some degree in target responses to their neurotransmitters D) all of the neurotransmitters

45) A drug that might be used specifically to reduce heart rate in cardiac patients could be ________. A) anticholinesterase B) epinephrine C) norepinephrine D) a beta-blocker

46) Erection of the penis or clitoris ________. A) is primarily under sympathetic control B) is primarily under parasympathetic control C) is the result of coordinated activation by both sympathetic and parasympathetic input D) depends very little on autonomic activation

47) Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all except ________. A) constriction of most blood vessels B) dilation of the vessels serving the skeletal muscles C) increase of heart rate and force D) dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera

48) The "resting and digesting" division of the autonomic nervous system is the ________. A) parasympathetic division B) sympathetic division C) somatic division D) peripheral nervous system

49) Which of these effectors is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system? A) smooth muscle B) cardiac muscle C) skeletal muscle D) most glands

50) Which of the following is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation? A) salivation B) dilation of the pupils C) increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera D) elimination of urine

A & P RCSJ Answer sheet

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