Exam I review KEY PDF

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BIO 148 Osterhage Exam I Review 1. What is TRUE about cells? a. All living things are made up of many cells, and all cells are the same size and shape. b. All living things are made up of many cells, but not all cells are the same size and shape. c. All cells are the same size and shape, but not all living things are made up of many cells. d. Not all cells are the same size and shape, and not all living things are made up of many cells. 2. If an organism uses RNA as their genetic material, according to the definition of life from class, a. it could be a living thing b. it’s not a living thing 3. Individuals with adaptations to a particular environment have higher fitness in that environment than individuals without an adaptation. A. True B. False 4. Beetles reproduce once in their lifetime and parental care is not required for offspring survival. There is a population of beetles that consists of black and red members. The black beetles and red beetles lay the same number of eggs and have the same number of offspring per reproductive event, but the red beetles die soon after reproducing. Which of the following is true? A. the black beetles have higher fitness B. The red beetles have higher fitness C. The black and the red beetles have equal fitness

5. The graph on the right shows the results of a study of fur color in a population of wolves in a particular environment. It plots the number of offspring produced for wolves with different coat colors. What EXTRA information (that is NOT shown in the graph) do you need to know before you can state that evolution by natural selection will occur in this population with respect to coat color? You need to know if…. a. Coat color varies among individuals in the Population

b. Coat color is a heritable trait c. Certain individuals have higher reproductive success than others in the population d. Wolves are migrating into and out of the population

6. Given the phylogeny, which is the best statement of the relationship between crocodiles, amphibians, and primates? A. Crocodiles are more closely related to and amphibians than they are to primates. B. Crocodiles are more closely related to primates than they are to amphibians. C. Crocodiles are equally related to amphibians and primates.

7. Based on the phylogenetic tree to the right, which taxon is more closely related to land plants; foraminiferans or ciliates? A. Foraminiferans B. Ciliates C. Foraminiferans and ciliates are equally related to land plants

8. Assume that the nucleus evolved one time. In the diagram, which letter corresponds to an ancestor with a nucleus?

A. B. C. D. E.

A B C B and C only A, B, and C

9. Which of the following is true about prokaryotes? a. They include Bacteria b. They include Archaea c. They include some Protists d. A and B only e. A, B and C 10. Which of the following is true for all Bacteria and Archaea? a. have a plasma membrane b. have a cell wall c. have ribosomes d. All of the above. e. A and C only

11. Which of the following would indicate that a cell was a member of Archaea and NOT Bacteria? a. a nucleus b. an endoplasmic reticulum c. a peptidoglycan cell wall d. A and B e. None of the above 12. Which of the following proposes that the mitochondria present in modern day eukaryotes evolved from a bacterial cell? a. infolding theory b. cell theory c. theory of spontaneous generation d. endosymbiosis theory 13. According to the infolding theory, which membrane in present day eukaryotes evolved from a modification of the plasma membrane of the ancestor of all eukaryotes? a. inner mitochondrial membrane b. nuclear membrane c. outer mitochondrial membrane d. A and B only e. B and C only 14. Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. Prokaryotes form a clade b. Some animals are unicellular c. Protists are eukaryotes

d. Plants are the only multicellular eukaryote with a cell wall e. Archaea is more closely related to Bacteria than Eukarya

15. Mitochondrial DNA is most closely related to DNA from which of the following? a. Bacteria b. Archaea c. Eukarya d. They are equally similar to Bacteria and Archaea e. They are equally similar to Bacteria and Eukarya

16. In a cell, each chromosome consists of a pair of sister chromatids, but they are not condensed. This is A. G1 phase B. S phase C. G2 phase 18. What is on a 5’ end? A. Phosphate group B. Phosphodiester bond C. -OH group D. A and B 19. A hypothetical organism with 3 chromosomes has __ chromosomes and___ DNA molecules in G1. It has __ chromosomes and_____DNA molecules at the beginning of mitosis. A. 3, 3, 3, 3 B. 3, 6, 3, 6 C. 3, 3, 3, 6 D. 3, 6, 6, 6 E. 3, 3, 6, 6 20. Suppose you are provided with an actively dividing culture of yeast to which radioactive thymine has been added. What would happen if a cell replicates once (goes through S, G2, and mitosis) in the presence of this radioactive base? A. All four bases of the DNA would be radioactive. B. One of the daughter cells, but not the other, would have radioactive DNA. C. Radioactive thymine would pair with nonradioactive guanine. D. DNA in both daughter cells would be radioactive. E. Neither of the two daughter cells would be radioactive

21 . The DNA strands from generation zero are located in the _____ band in generation 2 (semiconservative model). A. Upper band B. Lower band C. Both bands

D. Neither band

22. Which Box contains one and only one complete nucleotide?

A B

C D E 23. Suppose that instead of heavy and light nitrogen, Meselson and Stahl grew cells in non- radioactive nucleotides, which resulted in all DNA being non-radioactive in Generation 0, and then switched the cells to radioactive nitrogen for Generations 1 and 2. What would Meselson and Stahl have observed in the tube after ONE round of DNA replication (Generation 1) if the conservative model was true? a. ½ the DNA molecules would be radioactive, ½ the DNA molecules would be nonradioactive

b. Each DNA molecule would consist of one radioactive strand and one nonradioactive strand c. Each DNA strand would be a mix of radioactive and non-radioactive nucleotides. d. ¼ of the DNA molecules would be nonradioactive, and ¾ of the DNA molecules would be radioactive e. ¼ of the DNA molecules would be radioactive, and ¾ of the DNA molecules would be non-radioactive 24. Which letter identifies the 5’ end of a DNA strand? A and D A and C B and D B and C

A

. 25. Below is a (hypothetical) molecule of DNA. Using the semi-conservative mechanism, replicate the molecule, taking care to show the sequence of template and new strands.

5’-ATGCGTCGC-3’ 3’-TACGCAGCG-5’

C 

Are the two new DNA molecules identical top each other?



Are the two new DNA molecules identical to the original DNA molecule?

D...