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Chapter 16: Health and Wellness Yoost & Crawford: Fundamentals of Nursing: Active Learning for Collaborative Practice, 2nd MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The nurse knows the World Health Organization defines health in which of the following terms? a. The absence of disease b. The lack of infirmity c. Complete well-being d. Being independent of fiscal responsibility ANS: C

The World Health Organization offers a definition for health: “a state of complete physical, mental, and merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Nurses are responsible for helping patients reach their optim and mental health, but they also must provide health care in a system that requires cost containment and DIF: Remembering OBJ: 16.1 TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance NOT: Concepts: Health Promotion 2. Several models exist that describe the relationship between health and wellness. Which model is used to

interrelationship between elements of basic requirements for survival and the desires that drive personal and is represented as a pyramid? a. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs b. Health Belief Model c. Health Promotion Model d. Holistic Health Model ANS: A

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs describes the relationships between the basic requirements for survival and personal growth and development. The model is most often presented as a pyramid consisting of five lev related to physiologic needs, and the uppermost level is associated with self-actualization needs, specific purpose and identity. The Health Belief Model was developed by psychologists Hochbaum, Rosenstock how patients’ attitudes and beliefs predict health behavior. The Health Promotion Model, developed by P defines health as a positive, dynamic state of well-being rather than the absence of disease in the physiol models in nursing care are based on the philosophy that a synergistic relationship exists between the bod Holistic care is an approach to applying healing therapies. Holistic models focus on the interrelatedness DIF: Remembering OBJ: 16.2 TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance NOT: Concepts: Health Promotion 3. The nurse is developing a plan of care for a patient with a hip fracture. Which model would the nurse us

care? a. The Health Belief Model b. Pender’s Health Promotion Model c. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs d. The Holistic Health Model ANS: C

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs describes the relationships between the basic requirements for survival and personal growth and development. The model is most often presented as a pyramid consisting of five lev related to physiologic needs, and the uppermost level is associated with self-actualization needs, specific purpose and identity. The Health Belief Model was developed by psychologists Hochbaum, Rosenstock how patients’ attitudes and beliefs predict health behavior. The Health Promotion Model, developed by P defines health as a positive, dynamic state of well-being rather than the absence of disease in the physiol Models in nursing care are based on the philosophy that a synergistic relationship exists between the bod Holistic care is an approach to applying healing therapies. Holistic models focus on the interrelatedness DIF: Applying OBJ: 16.2 TOP: Implementation MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance

NOT: Concepts: Health Promotion

4. The nurse is preparing a patient teaching plan and is seeking a way to determine the patient’s readiness a

regarding lifestyle changes to best manage diabetes mellitus. Which model would be useful for this nurs a. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs b. Holistic Health Model c. Health Promotion Model d. Health Belief Model ANS: D

The Health Belief Model was developed by psychologists Hochbaum, Rosenstock, and Kegels. It explor and beliefs predict health behavior. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs describes the relationships between the survival and the desires that drive personal growth and development. The model is most often presented five levels. The lowest level is related to physiologic needs, and the uppermost level is associated with s specifically those related to purpose and identity. Holistic Health Models in nursing care are based on th synergistic relationship exists between the body and the environment. Holistic care is an approach to app Holistic models focus on the interrelatedness of body and mind. The Health Promotion Model, develope colleagues, defines health as a positive, dynamic state of well-being rather than the absence of disease in DIF: Understanding OBJ: 16.2 TOP: Evaluation MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance NOT: Concepts: Health Promotion 5. According to the Health Belief Model, which of the following patients would be most likely to change h a. The person who perceives that he is at risk for colon cancer b. The person who recognizes that colon cancer is easily cured c. The person who believes that behavior can change outcomes d. The patient who faces multiple social barriers ANS: A

In the three primary components of the Health Belief Model, six main constructs influence an individual about disease prevention, screening, and controlling illness. The model suggests that individuals are mot believe that they are susceptible to the condition (i.e., perceived susceptibility), that the condition has ser perceived severity), that taking action would reduce the susceptibility or severity of the condition (i.e., p costs of taking action (i.e., perceived barriers) are outweighed by the benefits, that those who are expose campaigns, postcard reminders, and advice from others) will be prompted to action (i.e., cues to action), confidence in their ability to perform an action will do so (i.e., perceived self-efficacy). DIF: Analyzing OBJ: 16.2 TOP: Evaluation MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance NOT: Concepts: Health Promotion 6. The nurse recognizes that intentional behaviors to circumvent illness, detect it early, and maintain the be

and physiologic function within the boundaries of illness is the definition of which term? a. Health promotion b. Self-actualization c. Health protection d. Self-transcendence ANS: C

Health protection includes intentional behaviors aimed at circumventing illness, detecting it early, and m level of mental and physiologic function within the boundaries of illness. Health promotion is behavior m increase well-being and optimize health status. Maslow considered self-actualization the highest level of involves the integration of cognition, consciousness, and physiologic utility in a single entity. In later ye level above self-actualization called self-transcendence. He refers to self-transcendence as a peak experi reality or thought changes a person’s view of the world and his or her position in the greater structure of DIF: Remembering OBJ: 16.2 TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance NOT: Concepts: Health Promotion 7. The nurse caring for a patient with chronic pain uses guided imagery, therapeutic touch, and relaxation t

for pain. The nurse is using what type of approach? a. Holistic b. Eastern holistic

c. Risk factor reduction d. Health protection ANS: A

8. An overweight, sedentary middle-aged smoker with a family history of cardiac disease has noticed a stea

pressure over a 3- to 4-year period. The patient is concerned about his slightly elevated blood pressure a minutes in the evenings with his wife and reduces his pack-a-day cigarette habit to ten cigarettes a day. T actions are the initial step of which behavior? a. Risk factor reduction b. Self-actualization c. Self-transcendence d. Health promotion ANS: A

Risk factor reduction is step-by-step improvement of individual health factors. These combined improve of developing a disease. Maslow considered self-actualization the highest level of optimal functioning an of cognition, consciousness, and physiologic utility in a single entity. In later years, Maslow described a self-actualization called self-transcendence. He refers to self-transcendence as a peak experience, in whi thought changes a person’s view of the world and his/her position in the greater structure of life. Health motivated by the desire to increase well-being (as opposed to preventing illness) and optimize health sta DIF: Remembering OBJ: 16.3 TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance NOT: Concepts: Health Promotion 9. The nurse recognizes the nursing goal for individuals and families seeking preventative care is to have th

which action? a. Take responsibility for their health and wellness. b. Abandon the use of electronic educational media. c. Make lifestyle changes after diseases occur. d. Use temporary changes until the danger has passed. ANS: A

Nursing goals for all individuals and their families seeking preventive care are improvement of quality o lifestyle choices and taking responsibility for health and wellness. Nurses can refer patients to a variety o located in the online version of Healthy People 2020, for risk assessments of their health status and lifes people to track their health and wellness status over a period of years and identify trends in disease risk through lifestyle interventions or preventive measures before the disease occurs. The Healthy People 20 provide educational materials for individuals, families, and communities, enabling them to lead healthier permanent changes in wellness habits. DIF: Understanding OBJ: 16.3 TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance NOT: Concepts: Health Promotion 10. The nurse knows that use of seatbelts and airbags in automobiles is an example of which term? a. Secondary prevention b. Tertiary prevention c. Holistic care d. Primary prevention ANS: D

Primary prevention is instituted before disease becomes established by removing the causes or increasin include the use of seatbelts and airbags in automobiles, helmet use when riding bicycles or motorcycles, of mechanical devices when lifting heavy objects. Secondary prevention is undertaken in cases of latent the patient may be asymptomatic, the disease process can be detected by medical tests. Nurses may use s latent disease in vulnerable populations. Examples of screening tests used as secondary prevention strate protein derivative (PPD) skin test for tuberculosis, fecal occult blood test for colorectal cancer, and mam Tertiary prevention, also known as the treatment or rehabilitation stage of preventive care, is implemente illness is permanent and irreversible. The aim of care is to reduce the number and impact of complication from a disease or medical condition. Interventions are intended to reduce suffering caused by poor health adjusting to incurable conditions. Nursing care is focused on rehabilitation efforts in the tertiary stage of an approach to applying healing therapies. Nurses participate in holistic care through the use of natural h complementary interventions. These include the use of art and guided imagery, therapeutic touch, music techniques, and reminiscence. DIF: Understanding

OBJ: 16.4

TOP: Assessment

MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance NOT: Concepts: Health Promotion

11. A 40-year-old patient presents to her provider for a yearly physical. The provider notes a family history

patient’s mother. The provider schedules the patient for a mammogram. The nurse recognizes this as wh a. Tertiary b. Primary c. Secondary d. Holistic ANS: C

Secondary prevention is undertaken in cases of latent (hidden) disease. Although the patient may be asy process can be detected by medical tests. Nurses may use screening tests to assess for latent disease in v Examples of screening tests used as secondary prevention strategies include the purified protein derivati tuberculosis, fecal occult blood test for colorectal cancer, and mammograms for breast cancer. Primary p before disease becomes established by removing the causes or increasing resistance. Examples include t airbags in automobiles, helmet use when riding bicycles or motorcycles, and the occupational use of me lifting heavy objects. Tertiary prevention, also known as the treatment or rehabilitation stage of preventi when a condition or illness is permanent and irreversible. The aim of care is to reduce the number and im disabilities resulting from a disease or medical condition. Interventions are intended to reduce suffering assist the patients in adjusting to incurable conditions. Nursing care is focused on rehabilitation efforts in prevention. Holistic care is an approach to applying healing therapies. Nurses participate in holistic care healing remedies and complementary interventions. These include the use of art and guided imagery, the therapy, relaxation techniques, and reminiscence. DIF: Understanding OBJ: 16.4 TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance NOT: Concepts: Health Promotion 12. The patient asks the nurse to explain collaborative health care partnerships. The nurse gives a correct des

which statement regarding collaborative care? a. Does not require participation of the patient. b. Is individual and cannot be mandated or legislated. c. Education needs are delegated to assistive personnel. d. Is designed to provide care to the patient as a whole. ANS: D

Collaborative health care partnerships are designed to deliver well-balanced care to the patient as a whol fragmented care involving a single element of a disease process. Prevention is not solely the responsibili active participation by the individual and the combined services of practitioners in a spectrum of health c nutrition, physical therapy, exercise physiology, and pharmacy. Collaborative preventive care can be ma health care legislation, with rates for reimbursement of practitioners determined by the individual provid and develop innovative methods for delivering high-quality, cost-effective health care services. The role to collaborate and communicate health education to the patient and family, care provider, or surrogate. P responsibilities are not delegated to assistive personnel or other members of the health care team and are of nursing care. DIF: Understanding OBJ: 16.4 TOP: Assessment MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance NOT: Concepts: Health Promotion 13. A patient is diagnosed with pneumonia after an abrupt onset of fever, cough, and malaise. The patient is

therapy and is expected to improve in 2 to 3 weeks. Which statement by the nurse correctly identifies thi a. Acute b. Chronic c. Remission d. Exacerbation ANS: A

Acute illness is typically characterized by an abrupt onset and short duration (...