Experiment number two Tweezer Dexterity PDF

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Summary of Psychological Disorders, Study notes for Abnormal Psychology lol how much longer do u want me to make it pls stop...

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Experiment 2 – Tweezer Dexterity AIM: To assess the tweezer dexterity of the participants with the help of O’Connor tweezer dexterity apparatus.

INTRODUCTION Dexterity is a term referring primarily to the ability of a person to "gracefully" coordinate their movements. In other words, Dexterity refers to the ability of a person to use the fingers, hands and arms to perform a task. It specifically refers to adroitness in using the hands. In this context, dexterity is a motor skill. The term can also refer to intelligence and "mental dexterity." It is the coordination of small muscles, in movementsusually involving the synchronization of hands and fingers- with the eyes.

TYPES OF DEXTERITY There are two types of Dexterity1. Gross motor skills: Gross motor skills pertain to skills involving large muscle movements, such as independent sitting, crawling, walking, or running. 2. Fine motor skills: Fine motor skills involve use of smaller muscles, such as grasping, object manipulation, or drawing.

DEXTERITY TESTS Dexterity tests measure the accuracy of hand and finger movements under controlled conditions. They help physical therapists to develop rehabilitation plans for patients and to measure the effectiveness of their programs.

TYPES OF DEXTERITY TESTS 1.

Occupational skills assessment test battery: This battery is used to measure the progress in rehabilitation and return-to-work capability of individuals performing jobs / tasks that require manual dexterity, hand-eye coordination, etc.

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Purdue Pegboard Test: The Purdue Pegboard Test was first developed by Joseph Tiffin, Ph.D., an Industrial Psychologist at Purdue University in 1948. Since that time, this device has been used extensively to aid in the selection of employees for jobs that require fine and gross motor dexterity and coordination. It measures gross movements of hands, fingers and arms, and fingertip dexterity as necessary in assembly tasks. The Purdue Pegboard can be used for many testing applications, such as Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Vocational Evaluation, and Pre-employment Screening. The pegboard comes complete with pins, collars and washers, as well as an examiner's manual.

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Grooved Pegboard Test: The Grooved Pegboard Test (GPT) is used primarily as a measure of motor functioning, but some research indicates that performance on this test my also reflect cognitive factors, particularly attention and executive functioning. It has 25 holes with randomly positioned slots and it requires more complex visual – motor coordination.

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Minnesota Manual Dexterity test: The Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test (MMDT) is used to measure a subject’s simple but rapid eye-hand coordination as well as arm-hand dexterity. In general, the MMDT measures gross motor skills.

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Hand Tool Dexterity test: The Hand Tool Dexterity Test can be used as a general assessment of an individual’s skill in using ordinary mechanics tools. Results of the test have been used to determine vocational interest and as an indicator of success where job/tasks require the use of these or similar tools.

WHO USES THE PURDUE PEGBOARD?  Physical and Occupational therapists use the Purdue Pegboard for injury rehabilitation. They use the test as a tool to obtain baseline data on a patient. They also use it to document patient progress and / or degree of disability.  Vocational Evaluators use the Purdue Pegboard to determine a subject's ability and aptitude for certain work-related applications and for recommending placement in jobs that require manual dexterity.  The Purdue Pegboard is also used to develop a specific training program that will give an individual the skills to complete a job task that requires manual dexterity.

OCCUPATIONS WHERE DEXTERITY IS USED           

Dentists Surgeons Data entry Jewelers Upholsters Aircraft mechanics and Service Technicians Musical Instrument Repairers and tuners Sewers ,hand Plumbers Farm Equipment Mechanist Hairdressers, Hairstylist

O’CONNOR TWEEZER DEXTERITY TEST The O’Connor tweezer dexterity Test has been used successfully, wherever rapid manipulation of objects, especially the picking up and placing of small parts, is important. This is best illustrated in assembly line work such as the setting of pivots, registering of gear train assemblies and many other operations required in the production of meters. It has also been found useful in predicting success in instrument work which requires the

assembling of armatures, miniature parts, assembling of clocks and watches, rapid hand work in the filling of vials, small lathe work and machine winding.

REVIEW OF LITURATURE Mathiowetz, V., Weber, K., Kashman, N., & Volland, G. (1985) conducted a study to establish standardized procedures for the Nine Hole Peg Test of finger dexterity, to evaluate its reliability and validity, and to establish new clinical norms based on these standardized procedures. For the reliability and validity study, 26 female occupational therapy students were tested. Possible variables that may have affected these results are discussed. To evaluate concurrent validity, the Nine Hole Peg Test was compared to the Purdue Pegboard. The observed correlations indicated that the tests are similar but not equivalent tests of finger dexterity. For the normative data study, 628 normal subjects from 20 to 94 years were tested Data were stratified by sex and by 12 age groups to allow the therapist to easily compare patients' scores to a normative population Data showed that females scored slightly better than males, finger dexterity decreased with age, and right-hand and left-hand dominant subjects demonstrated minimal differences in performance.

Aynaci, G., Gulmez, H. (2019) studied gender discrimination among nursing students with O’Connor’s finger dexterity test. Hand dexterity and hand–eye coordination are very important in nursing profession. In nursing education, equal conditions for gaining experience should be established regardless of gender difference. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of gender difference on hand dexterity and hand–eye coordination. This study included 100 undergraduate nursing students from the Trakya University, and they were evaluated using the O’Connor’s finger dexterity test. Previous study results demonstrated that males were careful and willing to take care of their patients, but they felt that they had to be at the backstage because the occupation is a female-predominant one. They were very careful during the O’Connor’s test. The average test duration for both the male and female students was similar. Students with longer hand and palm lengths had better hand dexterity. The larger wrist circumference and wrist width in male students than female students provided an advantage to the male nursing students. The O’Connor’s test results demonstrated that gender discrimination in nursing profession is meaningless in terms of dexterity. This study approaches gender discrimination in nursing with a different perspective. Male students are not less successful in hand and eye coordination and hand dexterity. It is important for men to have clinical learning without facing gender discrimination in order to provide high-quality patient care.

Işik, E. İ., Soygun, K., Kahraman, Ö. C., & Koçak, E. F. (2021) aimed to evaluate through comparative tests the effect of the menstrual cycle on levels of depression, sleep quality and grip strength, fingertip touch and manual dexterity of students in the Dental Faculty. The study sample was formed from female students of the Dental Faculty. The total 70 participants comprised 31 from the first year and 39 from the final year. Evaluations were made in two different consecutive phases of the menstrual cycle. Data were collected using the Beck depression inventory (BDI), the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), handgrip and lateral grip strength measurements, fingertip two-point discrimination sensory measurement, the Semmes–Weinstein monofilament test, the O’Connor tweezers skill test and the Purdue pegboard test. A statistically significant difference was determined between the menstrual and ovulation phase measurements of the BDI, PSQI, Semmes–Weinstein monofilament test (right), the O’Connor tweezers skill test and Purdue pegboard test (right + left), and the Purdue Pegboard test (total and assembly) (p < 0.05). The menstrual cycle does not affect the sense of touch, grip strength and simple hand skills. However, task-focused skills requiring care and the manual dexterity needed for the use of instruments are affected.

HYPOTHESIS There will be negative relationship between finger dexterity and the time taken by the subject to put the pin in the holes.

METHOD SUBJECT PRELIMINARIES: NameAgeGenderEducation-

MATERIALS REQUIRED:    

Apparatus : O’Connor tweezer Dexterity Test Recording sheet Stopwatch Pen/Pencil

DESCRIPTION OF THE APPARATUS The O’Connor Tweezer Dexterity Test consists of 5 7/8” W x 11 5/8” L board. Located in the upper half of the board is a pin well measuring 4 ¾” in diameter arranged in 10 rows of 10 holes each spaced ½” apart. In these holes, the subject inserts one pin 1” long & 1/16” in diameter.

INSTRUCTIONS: “The board in front of you consists of 100 holes; each hole is large enough to hold the pins. Pick up one pin at a time and fill the holes, placing one pin in each as fast as you can. Use only one hand (Preferred hand). Start from this row (show the first row, left side to the right handed person (right to left for left handed subjects). The holes should be filled in row-wise. Note the time taken to fill in all the 100 holes. The time taken should be noted accurately. Be sure to fill each row completely before you start the next. Do not skip around. There are enough pins in this tray so that if you drop one or two on the floor, you will still have enough left. Do not stop to pick up the pins that fall down. Begin only when I give you the command “BEGIN”, and do not stop until the entire board is filled.

RAPPORT FORMATION: The participant was made comfortable. An informal conversation was initiated to make them feel relaxed. Once it was ensured that they are comfortable, the experiment was introduced. The instructions for the experiment were given. The participant was assured that their results would be kept confidential and not shared with anyone. If they had any query, it was addressed and the procedure was started.

PRECAUTION: 1.

2. 3. 4. 5.

The subject should be seated comfortably at a table about 30 inches in height. The Tweezer Dexterity Test is placed before him about one foot from the edge of the table with the tray at the right, if the right hand is to be used, and at the left if the left hand is preferred. It should be at an angle of about 90 degrees with the subjects working hand, but may be changed if so desired. Note down time taken carefully. The subject with the left hand as a preferred hand will begin from the right side of the board. Allow the subject to fill in two rows for practice before the proper test begins. Temperature in the room should be kept at a comfortable level for the subject and proper lighting should be ensured

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There should be no background noise to avoid unwanted distraction and to provide an environment conducive for concentration and focus. PROCEDURE: The subject was first invited to participate and called into the experimental room. They were then provided with comfortable seating and asked if they required anything before the conduction began. Then, a rapport was formed with the subject. Instructions were then provided for the conduction of the experiment. Once the subject was briefed with the process, the experiment was started. Two practice trials were given to the subject in which they were allowed to fill in two rows for practice. Neither more nor less prescribed practices were allowed on filling the top ten holes, since this affected the performance on the test. The pins were tipped out, and a moment’s rest was allowed to the participant. The subject was instructed to start upon saying “begin”, After the conduction was completed, the results of the experiment were formulated.

INTROSPECTIVE REPORT:

OBSERVATIONAL REPORT:

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

CONCLUSION:

REFERENCES:

Mathiowetz, V., Weber, K., Kashman, N., & Volland, G. (1985). Adult Norms for the Nine Hole Peg Test of Finger Dexterity. The Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 5(1), 24–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/153944928500500102 AYNACI, G., GULMEZ, H., & GULMEZ, H. (2019). Looking at Male Nurse Discrimination among Nursing Students with O’Connor Finger-Dexterity Test. Journal of Men’s Health, 15(2), e30–e39. https://doi.org/10.22374/jomh.v15i2.131 Işik, E. İ., Soygun, K., Kahraman, Ö. C., & Koçak, E. F. (2021). The effect of the menstrual cycle on the sense of touch, grip strength and manual dexterity of dental students. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 1– 9. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2021.1880714

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