Farmakologi-note-3 - 3 semester farmakologi nota PDF

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Summary

Indholdsfortegnelse Administrationsveje................................................................................................................................................. Compliance/non-compliance.............................................................................................

Description

Indholdsfortegnelse Administrationsveje................................................................................................................................................. 1 Compliance/non-compliance.................................................................................................................................... 1 Non-compliance....................................................................................................................................................... 1 Lav compliance........................................................................................................................................................ 2 Delegeringer............................................................................................................................................................ 2 Delegation.......................................................................................................................................................................2 Specifik rammedelegation...............................................................................................................................................3 Generel rammedelegation..............................................................................................................................................3 Medhjælp........................................................................................................................................................................3 Videredelegation.............................................................................................................................................................3 The rule of five.................................................................................................................................................................3 Farmakodynamik og virkningsmekanismer....................................................................................................................3 Virkningsmekanisme via enzymer...................................................................................................................................4 Andre virkningsmekanismer............................................................................................................................................4 Dispenseringsprocessen........................................................................................................................................... 4 Kontrol af ordination................................................................................................................................................ 5 Afmåling, ophældning og optrækning...........................................................................................................................5 Opløsning og opblanding.......................................................................................................................................... 6 Mærkning af dispenserede lægemidler.........................................................................................................................6 Mærkning og opbevaring af dispenserede lægemidler..................................................................................................6 Dokumentation for dispensering.............................................................................................................................. 6 Administration.................................................................................................................................................................7 Lægemiddelformer, administrationsmåder og -teknikker...............................................................................................7 Lægemiddelformer, administrationsmåder og -teknikker...............................................................................................7 Peroral administration............................................................................................................................................. 8 Afdelte pulvere/dosispulvere...........................................................................................................................................9 Afdelte granulater...........................................................................................................................................................9 Tabletter..........................................................................................................................................................................9 Overtrukne tabletter........................................................................................................................................................9 Enterotabletter..............................................................................................................................................................10 Depottabletter...............................................................................................................................................................10

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Brusetabletter................................................................................................................................................................10 Opløselige tabletter.......................................................................................................................................................10 Tyggetabletter..............................................................................................................................................................10 Resoribletter..................................................................................................................................................................10 Smeltetabletter.............................................................................................................................................................10 Sugetabletter.................................................................................................................................................................10 Kapsler...........................................................................................................................................................................10 Dråber...........................................................................................................................................................................11 Orale opløsninger..........................................................................................................................................................11 Parenteral administration.............................................................................................................................................11 Injektionsvæske.............................................................................................................................................................11 Injektionsmåder og -teknikker.......................................................................................................................................11 Intravenøs injektion.......................................................................................................................................................12 Subkutan injektion.........................................................................................................................................................12 Intramuskulær injektion...............................................................................................................................................12 Epidural injektion..........................................................................................................................................................13 Intraspinal injektion......................................................................................................................................................13 Intratekal injektion........................................................................................................................................................13 Intraossøs injektion.......................................................................................................................................................13 Intradermal injektion.....................................................................................................................................................13 Intraartikulær injektion.................................................................................................................................................13 Intraarteriel injektion....................................................................................................................................................13 Intrakardiel injektion.....................................................................................................................................................14 Infusionsvæske..............................................................................................................................................................14 Infusionsmåder og teknikker.........................................................................................................................................14 Intravenøse katetre.......................................................................................................................................................14 Infusionssæt og pumper................................................................................................................................................15 Implantat............................................................................................................................................................... 16 Rektal administration............................................................................................................................................. 16 Suppositorier......................................................................................................................................................... 16 Rektalvæske........................................................................................................................................................... 16 Rektalskum............................................................................................................................................................ 16 Rektalsalve............................................................................................................................................................ 16 Vaginal administration........................................................................................................................................... 17

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Vaginalgel og creme.....................................................................................................................................................17 Vaginaltabletter og -kapsler..........................................................................................................................................17 Vaginalindlæg................................................................................................................................................................17 Nasal administration.....................................................................................................................................................17 Næsedråber...................................................................................................................................................................17 Næsespray.....................................................................................................................................................................17 Næseaerosoler..............................................................................................................................................................18 Okulær administration........................................................................................................................................... 18 Øjendråber....................................................................................................................................................................18 Øjenbadevand...............................................................................................................................................................18 Øjensalve.......................................................................................................................................................................18 Aurikulær administration....................................................................................................................................... 18 Øredråber......................................................................................................................................................................18 Kutan administration.............................................................................................................................................. 18 Medicinske depotplastre........................................................................................................................................ 19 Lægemidler til inhalation........................................................................................................................................ 19 Inhalationaerosol.........................................................................................................................................................19 Inhalationsvæske...........................................................................................................................................................20 Inhalationspulver...........................................................................................................................................................20 Administrationsprocessen...................................................................................................................................... 20 Patientidentifikation......................................................................................................................................................20 Sikre korrekt administrationsområde............................................................................................................................20 Information om dispenserede lægemidler....................................................................................................................21 Støtte til indtagelse af lægemidler................................................................................................................................21 Overvågning af indtagelse af lægemidler...................................................................................................................21 Dokumentation for administration...............................................................................................................................22 Observation..................................................................................................................................................................22 Vurdering.......................................................................................................................................................................22 Monitorering.................................................................................................................................................................22 Observation af bivirkninger...........................................................................................................................................22 Indberetningssystem.............................................................................................................................................. 23 Observation af uventede reaktioner.............................................................................................................................23 Anafylaksi.............................................................................................................................................................. 23 Medicineringsfejl................................................................................................................................................... 23

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Interaktioner.......................................................................................................................................................... 23 Kombinationsterapi................................................................................................................................................ 24 Inddeling af interaktioner..............................................................................................................................................24 Interaktioner mellem to eller flere lægemidler....................................................................................................... 24 Farmakodynamiske interaktioner........................................................................................................................... 24 Farmakokinetiske interaktioner.............................................................................................................................. 24 Interaktioner i absorptionsfasen..................................................................................................................................25 Interaktioner i distributionsfasen................................................................................................................................25 Interaktioner i eliminationsfasen..................................................................................................................................25 Hæmning af metabolismen..........................................................................................................................................25 Øgning af metabolismen...............................................................................................................................................25 Ændring af ekskretion............................................................................................................................................ 25 Interaktioner mellem lægemidler og føde..................................................................................................................26 Interaktioner mellem lægemidler og alkohol..............................................................................................................26 Lægemiddeldosering til ældre................................................................................................................................ 26 Farmakokinetik...................................................................................................................................................... 26 Absorptionsfasen................................................................................................................................................... 27 Eksempler på biomembraner................................................................................................................................. 27 Diffusion................................................................................................................................................................ 28 Filtration................................................................................................................................................................ 28 Faktorer der påvirker absorptionen af lægemidler.................................................................................................. 29 Lægemiddelform og administrationsmåde............................................................................