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20th C: FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE MODERN history of architecture ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN FILIPINO FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE American Rule:  islands ceded to America, as a result of Spanish war with USA 20th C:  fighting MODERN INFLUENCES  self-government history of architecture ISLAMIC A. HISTORY...

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FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE 20th

history of architecture

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

history of architecture

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE 20th C: MODERN

INFLUENCES

ISLAMIC

A. HISTORY

CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

Pre-Colonial:  immigrants of Malay origin, food gatherers and hunters  3000 BC, joined by advanced agricultural race from Indonesia  barangays as tribal system  converted to Islam in 1300 AD  trade center of the Orient Spanish Rule:  1521 Ferdinand Magellan landed  1564 Miguel Lopez de Legazpi brought Christianity  until 1900's  nationalist movement by Jose Rizal, unsuccessful revolt by Aguinaldo

American Rule:  islands ceded to America, as a result of Spanish war with USA  fighting  self-government Japanese Invasion:  December 1941  puppet government  liberation by Gen. McArthur in July 1945 independence in 1946 3rd largest English-speaking country in the world citadel of Christianity and democracy in East Asia mixture of races: Malay, Chinese, Spanish B. RELIGION     

Roman Catholics Islam Protestants Aglipayan Iglesia ni Kristo

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER

ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

A. DESCRIPTION  tropical architecture  open and transparent  light

FILIPINO

SCHOOLS: Escuela Practica Y Profecional de Artes Oficio de Manila (1890)  taught maestros de obras Liceo de Manila  MO-P “Maestros de Obra-Practica”  MO-A “Maestros de ObraAcademia” Escuela de Ingenieria Y Arquitectura  closed after one year

Mapua Institute of Architecture (1925)  1st school of Architecture Adamson University  2nd school of Architecture UST College of Architecture (1930)  3rd school of architecture ORGANIZATIONS: Philippine Architects Society Philippine Institute of Architects League of Philippine Architects Association of Phil. Government Architects PIA + LPA + APGA = United Architects of the Philippines

EXAMPLES PRE-SPANISH HOUSES  Bahay Kubo style of dwelling  well- adapted to tropical climate  of wood, bamboo, and palm leaves

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Cordillera Region

 Mindanao & Sulu Region

20th

history of architecture

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

Isneg

Kalinga

Badjao

Samal

FILIPINO

Yakan

Bontoc

Ifugao

Kankanai Ivatan, Mangyan, Subanun, Mandaya

 Island of Panay

Bahay Kubo

Maranao

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Cordillera Region

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE

ISNEG BINURON homes of the Isneg boatpeople pyramidal or hipped roof annex on one or both ends

JAPANESE

removable sidings for special INDIAN

occasions FILIPINO

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Cordillera Region

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

ISNEG BINURON

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Cordillera Region

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

ISNEG BINURON

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

history of architecture

 Cordillera Region 20th C: MODERN

KALINGA BINAYON

ISLAMIC

octagonal or rectangular

CHINESE JAPANESE

painted round human figures roof ridge perpendicular to river loft or granary hides roof

INDIAN

FILIPINO

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Cordillera Region

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

KALINGA BINAYON

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Cordillera Region

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

KALINGA BINAYON

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

history of architecture

 Cordillera Region 20th C: MODERN

BONTOC HOUSES

ISLAMIC

SAGADA

CHINESE

house within a house shelter for rice, chickens,

JAPANESE

pigs, and people INDIAN

FILIPINO

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

history of architecture

 Cordillera Region 20th C: MODERN

BONTOC HOUSES

ISLAMIC

SAGADA

CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

history of architecture

 Cordillera Region 20th C: MODERN

BONTOC HOUSES

ISLAMIC

SAGADA

CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Cordillera Region

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE

IFUGAO built on the rice terraces near a spring or grove entry faces down slope

JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Cordillera Region

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

IFUGAO

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Cordillera Region

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE

KANKANAI BINANGIYAN Similar to the ifugao house ridge parallel to front made of narra or pine

JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Cordillera Region

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

KANKANAI BINANGIYAN

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Mindanao & Sulu Region 20th

history of architecture

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE

BADJAO ladder serves as wash area mirrors symbolize the number of children

JAPANESE

lipa, djenging, and dapang INDIAN

houseboats FILIPINO

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Mindanao & Sulu Region 20th

history of architecture

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

BADJAO

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE 20th

history of architecture

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

 Mindanao & Sulu Region

SAMAL HOUSE

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE 20th

history of architecture

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

 Mindanao & Sulu Region

SAMAL HOUSE

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE 20th

history of architecture

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

 Mindanao & Sulu Region

SAMAL HOUSE

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Mindanao & Sulu Region

history of architecture

20th

C: MODERN

YAKAN HOUSE

ISLAMIC

elevated 2 to 3 meters

CHINESE

above ground kitchen annex

JAPANESE

door faces east INDIAN

rooms and steps are odd FILIPINO

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Mindanao & Sulu Region 20th

history of architecture

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

YAKAN HOUSE

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE 20th

history of architecture

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

 Mindanao & Sulu Region MARANAO TOROGAN House built for sultans and datus Arranged in a line along the river Elevated 2 to 3 meters above ground Windows face front and right Panolong and okir carvings A lamin or tower built atop the torogan hides the sultan’s daughter

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE 20th

history of architecture

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

 Mindanao & Sulu Region MARANAO TOROGAN

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Island of Panay

history of architecture

20th

C: MODERN

BAHAY KUBO

ISLAMIC

bamboo house on stilts

CHINESE

home to an extended family

JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

often surrounded by a garden

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Island of Panay 20th

history of architecture

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

BAHAY KUBO

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE  Island of Panay 20th

history of architecture

C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

BAHAY KUBO

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE SPANISH CHURCHES

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

Calasiao, Pangasinan  2nd best bell tower  by Fr. Ramon Dalinao

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE SPANISH CHURCHES

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

Laoag Church, Ilocos Norte  by Fr. Joseph Ruiz  sinking belltower

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE SPANISH CHURCHES

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

Las Pinas Church  by Fr. Diego Cera

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE SPANISH CHURCHES

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

Loboc, Bohol  biggest number of murals on walls and ceilings

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE SPANISH CHURCHES

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

Manila Cathedral  by Bishop Domingo Salazar

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE SPANISH CHURCHES

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

Miagao Church, Ilo-ilo  by Fr. Fernando Comporedondo

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE SPANISH CHURCHES

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

Morong Church, Rizal  Spanish Baroque style  by Fr. Blas dela Madre

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE SPANISH CHURCHES

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

Panay Church largest bell, from 30 sacks of coins donated by townspeople

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE SPANISH CHURCHES

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

Quiapo Church restored by Juan Nakpil and Jose Maria Zaragosa

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE SPANISH CHURCHES

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

San Agustin Church by Fr. Juan Macias

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE SPANISH CHURCHES

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

San Sebastian one of first steel buildings steel from Belgium by Eiffel

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE SPANISH CHURCHES

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

Taal Church, Batangas by Fr. Martin Aguirre biggest church

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE SPANISH CHURCHES

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

Sta. Ana Church, Manila by Fr. Vicente Ingles restored by Juan Nakpil

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE SPANISH CHURCHES

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

Sto. Nino, Cebu by Diego de Herrera

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE

UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE LIST San Agustin, Intramuros Miagao Church, Ilo-ilo San Agustin, Paoay, Ilocos Norte Sta. Monica, Ilocos Sur

JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

SPANISH HOUSES: BAHAY-NABATO evolved from the Bahay Kubo:  tropical house  steep, hip roof  post and lintel construction  light and airy structure  elevated living quarters  economy of materials  space flowing from one room to next Spanish, Neo-Classical, Gothic, and Baroque influence:  grandeur and solidity  ornamentation

  

Vigan Houses Antillan Houses Ivatan Houses

PARTS FIRST FLOOR: Zaguan, for caroza Quadra, horse stable Bodega, storeroom SECOND FLOOR: Stairway Caida, ante-sala from stairs Sala, living room Comedor, dining room Cocina, kitchen Dispensa, pantry Letrina or Comun, toilet Baño, bath Azotea, open terrace Aljibe, water cistern Cuarto, Alcoba, Dormitorio Entresuelo, vault Balcon, balcony Patio, courtyard

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

MORE VERNACULAR TERMS: Unosinotra, alternate/staggered Liyabe, anchor Batidura, astragal Medya Agua, awning Barandillas, baluster Rodapis, baseboard Tirante, bottom chord Pie de Gallo, brace Ladrillo, brick Kostilyahe, ceiling joists Sinturon, collar Larga Masa, concrete slab Escondro, crushed stone Abang, dowel Tubo de Banada, downspout Escombro, earth fill Alero, eaves Tabike, exterior siding Piye, feet Batidura, fillet Dotal, floorboards Soleras, floor joists Guililan, floor sill Suelo, flooring Alahado, flush

Kapatas, foreman Balangkas, framework Dos Aguas, gable roof Kuling, girder Sepo, girt Canal, groove Alulod o Kanal, gutter Caida, hall Bisagra, hinge Pulgada, inches Pendulum, king post Piyon, laborer Asinta, laying of CHB Sibe, lean-to roof Dulang, low table Kantero, Mason Kanto Mesa, miter Paupo, mortar Kostura, mortar joints Estanyo, Nikolite bar Truerka, nut Estopa, oakum De Bandeha, panel door Lingueta, GI strap Tapon, plug

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

MORE VERNACULAR TERMS: Hulog, plumb bob Bolado, projection Reostra, purlins Masilya, putty Media Cana, quarter round Vaciada, rabbet Kabilya, reinforcing bars Kaballete, ridge roll Takip Silipan, riser Rimatse, rivets Lastillas, sand and gravel Andanyo, scaffolding Rebokada, scratch coat Dutcha, shower Prigadero, sink Krokis, sketch plan Estanyo, soldering bar Biento, spacing Staka, stake Madre de Escalera, closed stringer Trabe Anzo, horizontal stud Pilarete, vertical stud Latero, tinsmith Baytang, tread

Pergola, trellis Kilo, truss Asolehos, wainscoting tiles Bagad, wall post Pitsa, washer Pasamano, window sill Poleya, wiring knob Haspe, wood grain Tabla, wood plank Plantsuela, wrought iron strap Palitada, plaster Kalinya, aligned Trankilya, barrel bolt Biga, beam Hiero, iron Kisame, ceiling Baral de Kadena, chain bolt Poste, column Kontratista, constructor Kanto, corner Dish rack, bangguerahan Sumbrero Pintuan, door head Hamba Pintuan, door jamb Senepa, fascia board Tambak, fill

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE AMERICAN PERIOD

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN

Early American Period

ISLAMIC

Notable architects:

National Museum  1st was the Legislative Building Intendencia Building  adjacent to Manila Cathedral

CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

Daniel Burnham  city plan of Manila and Baguio William Parsons Juan Arellano Tomas Mapua  1st registered architect in country Alejandro Legardo Antonio Toledo Carlos Barredo

Masonic Temple, Escolta  1st concrete building in Escolta Philippine Normal School  Phil. Normal University University of the Philippines  Padre Faura

Luneta Hotel  2nd hotel in Asia  French Baroque style

Army and Navy Club  rest and recreation for American soldiers De La Salle College  by Tomas Mapua Rizal Monument  obelisk Sta. Isabel College

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN

EXAMPLES

ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

Manila Hotel  1st hotel in Asia  1st with elevator  renovated by Locsin in 1975

Philippine General Hospital  by William Parsons

UST Main Building by Roque Rueno

Post Office Building by Juan Arellano

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE AMERICAN PERIOD

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN ISLAMIC

Commonwealth Period Notable architects:

CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

Juan Nakpil  1st National Artist for Arch. Pablo Antonio  2nd National Artist for Arch. Enrique Bautista Gonzalo Barreto Fernando Ocampo Andres Luna y San Pedro Leandro Locsin  3rd National Artist for Arch.

Ideal Theater, Avenida Rizal  by Pablo Antonio

Jai Alai Building  demolished in 2001  Art Deco, streamline style Ambassador Hotel  by Fernando Ocampo  1st skyscraper in the country (4 storeys)

Syquia Apartments, Malate  by Pablo Antonio Natividad Building, Escolta  by Andres Luna y San Pedro Regina Building, Escolta  by Andres Luna y San Pedro

Agriculture & Finance Building Crystal Arcade, Escolta Quezon Institute  By Juan Nakpil Lyric Theater, Escolta  By Juan Nakpil

FEU Main Building  by Pablo Antonio

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN

EXAMPLES

ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

Metropolitan Theater

FILIPINO

The Iglesia Ni Cristo Cathedrals by Carlos Santos Viola

The Church of the Risen Lord, UP by Cesar Concio

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN

EXAMPLES

ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE

Philippine Heart Center

INDIAN

FILIPINO

The Meralco Building by Jose Zaragoza

The Quiapo Mosque by Jorge Ramos

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN

EXAMPLES

ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

FILIPINO

SM Megamall by Antonio Sindiong

Robinson’s Galleria by William Coscolluela

FILIPINO ARCHITECTURE

history of architecture

20th C: MODERN

EXAMPLES

ISLAMIC CHINESE JAPANESE INDIAN

The Central Bank of the...