Filtration Experiment NO 3 PDF

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Filtration Experiment 3...

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Republic of the Philippines BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas City COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES Bachelor of Science in Biology Program

EXPERIMENT NO 3 SEPARATION OF SAND AND SALT

BSBIO1203

Emilie A. Ona Instructor

Name: Ilao, Amierah Angela B. 2021

March

BSBIO 1203 A. Ona

Emilie Experiment No.3 Separation of Sand and Salt

Introduction As defined by oxford, sand is a loose granular substance, typically pale yellowish brown, resulting from the erosion of siliceous and other rocks and forming a major constituent of beaches, riverbeds, the seabed, and deserts. Salt, on the other hand, is a white crystalline substance that gives seawater its characteristic taste and is used for seasoning or preserving food. Relatively, it is any chemical compound formed from the reaction of an acid with a base, with all or part of the hydrogen of the acid replaced by a metal or other cation. In this laboratory experiment, you will develop and test a procedure to separate an unknown mixture of salt and sand. You will then determine the mass percent of the salt and sand independently and analyze your results. In chemistry, carrying out a chemical reaction is sometimes quite simple and provides a high yield of the desired product. However, in many of these cases, the desired product is in a mixture with unreacted starting materials, solvents, or byproducts. In order to use the desired product formed in the reaction, you must separate it from other compounds that are present. A variety of means for separating two or more substances in a mixture exist. A few of them are: • Distillation: Separation of two materials based on differences in their boiling points. • Filtration: Useful for removing large particulate matter from a liquid mixture. • Chromatography: Separating substances based on relative polarities or affinities for a stationary phase. Filtration is an important technique for the physical separation of solids and liquids. It has several purposes in the organic laboratory: • To separate a solid product from a reaction mixture or recrystallization solution • To remove solid impurities from a solution • To separate a product solution from a drying agent after an aqueous extraction 1

The minuscule filtrations commonly performed in the organic laboratory use conical funnels and Erlenmeyer flasks for gravity filtrations and either Buchner or Hirsch funnels and filter flasks for vacuum filtrations.

OBJECTIVES By the end of this laboratory, the student must be able to: • • • •

Observe that some materials will dissolve in liquid to form a solution. Describe how to recover a substance from a solution. Use knowledge of solids, liquids and gases to decide how mixtures might be separated, including through filtering, sieving and evaporating. Demonstrate that dissolving, mixing and changes of state are reversible changes.

METHODOLOGY In this class experiment, students separate a mixture of sand and salt, illustrating the fundamental means of separating a mixture of an insoluble material from one that is soluble. This is a very straightforward experiment. It can be carried out individually or in groups of two. Pupils must stand up during heating activities and beware of hot salt spitting when evaporation is almost complete. The student must prepare the following: • • • • • • •

Sand Salt Container (for sand and/or salt) Stirring rod (popsicle stick) Something to use for evaporation (Stove and Casserole/Cauldron) Filter paper/makeshift filter Funnel

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Safety Data Sheet:

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PROCEDURE This section follows the series of steps the student has done and/or followed. 1. Materials were prepared in advanced. Materials include: (a) containers; (b) salt; (c) popsicle stick; (d) sand; (e) funnel; (f) cotton and tissue; (g) casserole/cauldron; and (h) stove. 2. The sand-salt mixture was placed in a separate container before moving it to the bigger container. 3. The mixture was later on placed in a bigger container just enough for it to cover the base. 4. Water was added in the container until it nearly reaches the rim. 5. The mixture was stirred for roughly 30 seconds to a full minute. 6. A makeshift filter was made by placing some cotton in the end of the funnel, and covering the entire surrounding of the funnel with a tissue paper. 7. The funnel was placed in a separate container. 8. Mixture was poured in the funnel. 9. After the filtration process, the casserole/cauldron was taken out to move the filtered mixture in it. 10. After the filtrate was moved, the solution was gently heated until it started to decrepitate (spit). Remember to not get too close since you might get salt in your eyes. 11. Once finished, the stove was turned off and the damp salt was scraped off of the casserole/cauldron. 12. The damp salt was then moved in a dish to let dry.

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DIAGRAMS and/or PICTURES

Containers

Salt

Sand

Funnel

Sand-salt mixture

Sand-salt mixture

Pouring water in mixture

Stirring

Makeshift filter

Start of filtering

Start of Filter Process

Filter process

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Pouring solution in casserole

Heating the solution

Solution evaporating

Evaporated solution

Spitted salt

Scraping salt off of casserole

Damp salt left to dry

RESULTS Due to lack of equipment such as the weighing scale, the student failed to obtain accurate measurements for the experiment. However, the experiment was deemed successful since the objectives were met.

DISCUSSION During the experiment, the student found it difficult to check whether the entire solution has already evaporated or not since there were salt spits. To ensure the student’s 6

safety, the student decided to wait roughly a full couple of minutes, in which resulted to a burnt smell from the solution. The experiment can be carried successfully, however, with the use of the right equipment the experiment might have been more successful than how it is recently performed. With the lack of equipment such as the weighing scale, the student failed to take accurate measurements for the experiment, thus could be considered as an error.

CONCLUSION The overall experiment was a success ad the student was able to learn that filtration is useful for removing large particulate matter from a liquid mixture. Not only that, the intended learning objectives for this laboratory was met. Moreover, carrying out a chemical reaction is sometimes quite simple and provides a high yield of the desired product, in which the student understood. However, in many of these cases, the desired product is in a mixture with unreacted starting materials, solvents, or byproducts. In order to use the desired product formed in the reaction, you must separate it from other compounds that are present.

REFERENCES Chemistry, R. S. (2020, December 11). Education. Retrieved https://edu.rsc.org/experiments/separating-sand-and-salt-by-filtering-andevaporation/386.article

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