Final Exam Study Guide - Summary Biology 211 PDF

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Final exam study guide for bio 211 taken summer 2014...

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Final Exam Study Guide Biology 211 As of Friday, 7/11/14, this is a preliminary list of the learning outcomes and vocabulary you should know for the final exam. This document is a work in progress; expect minor changes after each lecture (changes will be highlighted for visibility). Learning Outcomes: 1. Know and understand the key characteristics of all animal groups discussed in class 2. Know the phylogenetic relationships between the animal groups discussed in class 3. Explain the key characteristics of chordates, understand their development, and recognize their importance in the evolution of different animal groups 4. Understand the basic developmental connection between the notochord, neural tube, and neural crest cells 5. Recognize the derived characters of various animal groups and understand their evolutionary advantages 6. Understand the evolutionary adaptations of terrestrial animals and why they were necessary in a land environment 7. Explain the hypothesized causes of amphibian decline 8. Know the adaptations required by flight and why it is such a critical evolutionary advantage for birds 9. Recognize and understand the evolution of the characters of mammals and primates 10. Know what biodiversity refers to and understand its importance from an ecological and anthropocentric perspective 11. Understand the role of conservation biology in protecting diversity at all levels 12. Recognize the complex relationships between organisms and how changing populations of one species (or extinctions) can affect an entire ecosystem 13. Understand various threats to biodiversity and their potential implications for huma ns 14. Understand how scientists use historical data to determine cause and effect relationships with respect to global climate change (in the absence of controlled experiments) 15. Recognize and explain some impacts (including, but not limited to climate change and “dead zones”) of human activities on biodiversity and understand some tradeoffs necessary to mitigate these impacts Vocabulary:  Notochord, nerve cord, pharyngeal slits/clefts/pouches, endostyle, postanal tail  Incurrent/excurrent siphon  Vertebrae, spinal cord, fin rays  Oviparous, ovoviviparous  Operculum, swim bladder  Tetrapod

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Metamorphosis Paedomorphosis Amniotic egg Ecto-, endothermic Keratin Mammary gland Placenta Marsupium

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Hominin Biodiversity (genetic, species, and ecosystem) Mass extinction Conservation biology Endangered / threatened species Extinction vortex Trophic cascade Ecosystem services Habitat loss / fragmentation Introduced species

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Overharvesting Global change Climate change Greenhouse effect Correlation, causation Dead zone Biological magnification Endocrine disruptor Ozone layer Cholorfluorocarbons...