Final EXAM Units 6-10 PDF

Preview

Summary

FINAL EXAM UNITS 6-LESSON 1 NEEDS ASSESSMENTS1. Know the difference between needs and wantsNeed:-A ‘deficit” that drives someone to act in a certain way.-Once met, the driving force disappears.-As a Noun: the gap between a present state (what is) and a desired end state (what shouldbe)-As a verb: Wh...

Description

FINAL EXAM UNITS 6-10 LESSON1NEEDSASSESSMENTS 1. Kno wt hedi ffe r e nc ebe t we e nne e dsa ndwant s Ne e d: A‘ d e fic i t ”t ha tdr i v e ss o me o net oa c ti nac e r t a i nwa y . Onc eme t ,t hedr i vi n gf o r c edi s a pp e a r s . AsaNoun:t hega pbe t we e napr e s e nts t a t e( wha ti s )a ndade s i r e de nds t a t e( wha ts hou l d b e ) Asav e r b:Wh a ti sr e qui r e dorde s i r e dt ofil lt hedi s c r e pa nc y Want / De s i r e : Cul t ur a l l yl e a r ne d I nflue n c eb yf a d, t r e nds ,. . . I nt e nt i on: Commi t me ntt oe ng a g ei ns pe c i fica c t i ons Wh a ta r eMa s l o w’ sfiv el e v e l sofne e ds ?Donotme mor i z et he m.Ra t he rt h i nka boutho wt hene e dsmi ght a ppl yt ot hec a s es t udy . Mas l o w:s e l f a c t ua l i z a t i on,e s t e e m( e gone e ds )ne e dsc a nbea c c ompl i s he dwi t hav a r i e t yoff unpr o gr a m d e s i gnss uc ha sa d v e nt ur et our i s m,a r tc l a s s e sorboo kc l ubs ,s oc i a l( be l on gi ngne e ds ) ,s a f e t ya nds e c ur i t y , s ur v i v a la ndp h y s i ol ogi c a l Ma s l o w’ st h e or yc a nbepos i t i v ea ndgi v e sp e r mi s s i onf orpr ogr a mpl a nn i ngf orav a r i e t yofne e ds Po ns i o n ’ st he or y :p r obl e m ba s e da ndde a l swi t hb a s i cne e ds Cany oue x pl ai nt hedi ffe r e ntbe t we e nane xpr e s s e dne e dandac ompar at i v ene e d? Ex pr e s s e dne e ds : Ih a v es a i ds ome t hi n gordones o me t hi ngt oe xpr e s smyne e d.Ma ybeIa s ke df o rhe l pt ol os ewe i ghtor l ook e da tgym me mbe r s hi ps Compa r a t i v ene e d s :Comp a r ea ndc on t r a s ts e r vi c e sa ndf a c i l i t i e sbe t we e n2s i mi l a rt hi n gs .( pa r ks ) ( ne i ghbo ur i n gt o wn) Th e o r ys l i de :De fini t i onss l i de3:De fin i t i ons : Ne e d: A‘ de fic i t ”t ha tdr i v e ss o me on et oa c ti nac e r t a i nwa y . Onc eme t ,t hedr i vi n gf or c edi s a p pe a r s . AsaNoun:t heg a pbe t we e napr e s e nts t a t e( wha ti s )a ndade s i r e de nds t a t e( wha ts houl d b e ) Asav e r b:Wh a ti sr e q ui r e do rde s i r e dt ofil lt hedi s c r e pa nc y Want / De s i r e : Cul t ur a l l yl e a r ne d I nflue n c eb yf a d ,t r e nds ,. . .

I nt e nt i on: Commi t me ntt oe ng a g ei ns pe c i fica c t i ons Conc e pt sofne e dss l i de4 Thec onc e ptofNe e d: De t e r mi ni n gn e e dsi sd i ffic ul t De t e r mi ni n gt hes t a nda r d,be l o wwhi c ht h e r ei sgr e a t e rne e di sa l s odi ffic ul t Thene e dsa s s e s s me nti sat o olt ohe l pr e duc ebi a sa ndi d e nt i f ydi ffe r e n tt ype sofne e dsa nda l s oi de nt i f y t hel e v e lors t a nda r dsr e l a t e dt ot hene e d. So mepr ogr a msa r ede s i g ne dt oa s s i s tp e opl eav a r i e t yofs oc i a ls e r vi c epr ogr a msf orf a mi l i e swh oc a nno t a ffor dt op a yf ort hes e r vi c e . Po ns i o e n& Ma s l o ws l i de6” Pons i oe n :Food, c l ot hi n g, s h e l t e r ,me di c a lc a r e , . . . So c i e t y( c ommun i t y/ or g a n i z a t i on/ pr og r a m)i sr e s p ons i bl et ome e tt heba s i cs ur vi v a lne e d sofi t sme mb e r s . Re q ui r e dt oi d e nt i f yat hr e s hol d,be l o wwhi c hnoones h oul df a l l Ne e dse xi s twhe npe op l ef a l lbe l o wt hee s t a b l i s he dt hr e s hol d Ne g ot i a t i ngt hee s t a bl i s he dt hr e s ho l df orne e dsi sc ha l l e n gi n g Pe opl e ’ sne e dsc ha n g e , s oc i a lc ondi t i onsc ha n ge ,a ndc ommuni t i e sc ha n g e .I npa r t ,t hi si swh yma n yne e ds a s s e s s me n t sa r eon goi ng . ( onl yde a l swi t hba s i cne e ds ) Mas l o w:s e l f a c t ua l i z a t i on,e s t e e m( e gone e ds ) ,s oc i a l( be l ong i ngne e ds ) ,s a f e t ya nds e c ur i t y ,s ur vi v a la nd p h y s i ol o gi c a l( pos i t i v e ,gi v epe r mi s s i ont opr o gr a m pl a nni n gf orav a r i e t yofn e e ds . ) Po ns i o n ’ st he or y :p r obl e m ba s e da ndde a l swi t hb a s i cne e ds Ma s l o w’ st he o r yc a nbepos i t i v ea n dgi v e spe r mi s s i onf orpr o gr a mpl a nni ngf orav a r i e t yofne e ds Fo urt ype sofne e dss l i de12 Expr e s s e dNe e ds ;Iha v es a i ds o me t hi n gordones ome t h i ngt oe xpr e s smyne e d .Ex. l ooka tgym me mbe r s hi ps Pe r c e i v e dNe e ds ;Ia m onl y“ t hi nki ng ”Th a tIha v ean e e d,butIha v enotd onea n yt hi nga bouti t .Ma y beI s a yIh a v eane e db utIa m wr on g. Ex.Ea t i n gdi s or de r Comp a r a t i v ene e ds ;Compa r ea ndc ont r a s ts e r vi c e sa ndf a c i l i t i e sb e t we e n2s i mi l a rt hi n g s . ( pa r ks ) ( ne i ghbo ur i n gt o wn) Nor ma t i v ene e ds :Foc usone s t a bl i s h e dgui de l i ne st ha ts houl dbema i nt a i ne d . Ex. f oods t a mpst oh e l p p o v e r t y Appl i c a t i on :The r ea r ek e yque s t i onsons l i de2 Appl i c at i on Ke yqu e s t i onsofn e e dsa s s e s s me nt s ; 1. Wh ya r ewedoi n gane e dsa s s e s s me nt ? 1. Tos o l v eapr obl e m 2. Be t t e run de r s t a ndc ompl a i nt s 3. Ma kes ur ewea r epr o vi di n gt hepr ogr a mst ha tpe opl ene e d( ma y bec ond i t i onsi n c ommuni t yha sc h a ng e d)

2. Wha ti nf o r ma t i ondowewa nt ? 1. De mo gr a phi ci nf or ma t i on 2. Us e ro pi ni o ns 3. Ho wa r eweg e t t i n gda t a ? 1. Gr oups 2. I nt e r vi e ws 3. Que s t i onn a i r e s 4. I nf or ma lda t ag a t he r i n g 4. Fr om whe r ewi l lwege td a t a ? a .I d e nt i f ya r e a swi t ht h emos tr e l e v a ntus e r sa ndnonu s e r s 5. Whe nwi l lwega t h e rt heda t a ? 1. I de nt i f yt i me swh e nt hemos tr e l e v a ntus e r sa ndnonu s e r sa r ea c t i v e 2. I nc l uded i ffe r e ntt i me sf ort hebe s tr a ng eofp a r t i c i pa nt s 6. Fr om whom wi l lwec ol l e c tt hed a t a ? a .I d e nt i f ydi ffe r e n tt ype so fus e r sa ndn onus e r sf ort heb e s tr a n g eofi nf or ma t i on 7 . Wh owi l lus et heda t a ? a .I d e nt i f ywhowi l lus et heda t at obe t t e rt a i l orque s t i o nsa ndda t ag a t he r i ngt ool s . Th r e er e a s onsf orane e dsa s s e s s me nt :Looka tt het hr e er e a s o nsons l i de2 ,3 , 4,& 5 Thr e eRe a s onsf orne e dsas s e s s me nt Fo rpr ogr a mma na ge me nt , s e r vi c eor i e nt a t i on, de s i r ef orqu a l i t y I ti si mpo r t a ntt os t a yf oc us e da nd“ KI SS”( Ke e pi ts e r i ous l ys i mpl e )  Wh a ta r et hema j ori s s ue sIwa ntt hene e d sa s s e s s me ntt oa ddr e s s ?  Wh oc a np r o vi d et hebe s ti ns i ghta b ou tt he s ei s s ue s ?  Ho wc a nIr e c r ui tpe opl et op a r t i c i pa t ei nmyn e e dsa s s e s s me nt ?  Wh e ni st hebe s tt i met oc on duc tt hene e dsa s s e s s me n t ?  Onc eIha v ea ns we r st omyque s t i onswha twi l lIdowi t ht hi si nf or ma t i o n?  Sh oul dIc ond uc taqua l i t a t i v eorqua nt i t a t i v e( ormi x e dme t hods )ne e d sa s s e s s me nt ?  Sh oul dt hen e e dsa s s e s s me ntbec onfide nt i a lo ra non ymousort r a ns pa r e nt ? Pr ogr am Manag e me nt( c l i e nt sha v eunme tne e ds ) : Ma na g eDupl i c a t i o n:Ar et hepr ogr a msuni q ueora r ewec ompe t i ngwi t hot h e r ? Addr e s sSa f e t y:Ar ewema na gi n gourpr ogr a msa tora bo v et hes t a nda r dofc a r ef ort hi st ypeof p r o gr a m? He l ppr i or i t i z epr ogr a m pl a ns :Ha v ewea l l oc a t e dt her i ghtr e s our c e st ot hepr ogr a ms ?i st hes c he dul e a ppr opr i a t e ? Pl a nav a r i e t yofpr ogr a ms :Ar ewea ddr e s s i n gt hene e dsofourt a r g e tc l i e nt s ?Wi l la dde dpr ogr a ms a t t r a c tmor epe opl e ? De v e l op&Me e ti ndi vi dua lg oa l s :Wh ya r epe o pl epa r t i c i pa t i ngi nourpr ogr a m? Se r v i c eOr i e nt at i on: As e r vi c eo r i e nt a t i onne e dsa s s e s s me n ti spo pul a t i onc e n t r i cy ouwou l df o c usy ou rne e dsa s s e s s me nton c ol l e c t i ngv a l ua bl ei nf or ma t i onf r om pe op l ei ny o urc ommuni t ywhowoul dbe ne fitf r om y ourpr ogr a m Cons t i t ue ntI nput ;a s ki n gpa r t i c i pa nt sa boutt hes e r vi c ea ndi d e a sf ori mpr o v e me nt . So l i c i tNe wI de a s :The r ea r ema n ywa y st os ol i c i tne wi de a s ;As kc ur r e ntpa r t i c i pa n t s ,pa s tpa r t i c i pa nt s , s t a ff,orc ondu c ta ne x t e r na lne e dsa s s .Andpr o xypr ogr a mss i mi l a rt oy ourpr o gr a ma nd“ pi nc h”t he i r g o odi d e a s . I nc l us i on:Du r i n gt hene e dsa s s e s s me nte ns ur et ha ty oui nc l udeav a r i e t yofpe o pl ewhoma yha v e c omp e t i n gne e ds .

Me e tr e a lne e dsofPe o pl e :Wh e ny oua s ky ours t a k e hol de r st oc onduc tane e dsa s s e s s me nty ouc a nno t i g nor et heme s s a g et ha tt heda t et e l l sy ou. Whe ny o ur e s pondt ot h ene e dsofp a r t i c i pa nt sb yc r e a t i ng i mpor t a ntpr o gr a msy oua r eme e t i ngt he i rr e a lne e ds De s i r ef orQual i t y: d ur i n gt hede s i r ef orqua l i t yne e d sa s s e s s me n ty ouwoul dl i ke l ydi gwi t hi ny ourpr ogr a mt oma k es ur et ha t y o urs t a ffa r ep r ope r l yt r a i ne da ndc e r t i fie dpr of e s s i o na lc ommi t me nty ou rs pa c ei sus e dt ot hebe s t s e r v i c e soft hene e dsofy ourpopu l a t i ona ndy ouha v ebudg e t e da ppr opr i a t e l yt or unt hepr o gr a ms ho wi n g r e s our c ea l l oc a t i ona l t h oughp r ofitma ynotbet heg oa le s pe c i a l l yi fy ouwe r er unni n gan onf orpr ofit c ommuni t ypr og r a m ne v e r t he l e s sy oudon' twa ntt obewa s t i ngmon e ymi s s i ngop por t u ni t i e st og a i n p r o gr a m pr ofit sa ndha vi n gaba l a n c e dbud ge ti fy oudoa l loft he s ei t e msy ouc a nc l a i mt h a ty oua r e a c c ount a bl ea ndt ha ty ouha v eme tt hemi ni mum de s i r ef orqua l i t y Pr o f e s s i ona lc ommi t me nt :Wh e ndi s c us s i ngp r of e s s i ona lc ommi t me nt ,wea s kt wodi ffe r e n tt ype so f q ue s t i ons . 1 .I st heor g .c o mmi t t e dpr omot i ngpr of e s s i ona l i s m?I st heor g a ni z a t i o name mbe rofap r of e s s i ona l i s m? I st heor g a ni z a t i oname mbe ro fapr of e s s i ona la s s oc i a t i on?I st heor g .c e r t i fie da n da c c r e di t e d ? 2 . Ar ea l lt hes t a ffpr of e s s i ona l l yc ommi t t e d?Dot he yu phol dt hemi s s i ono ft heor g a n i z a t i on?Ha v et he y ma i nt a i ne dt he i rc e r t i fic a t i on ?Ar et he ya c t i n gi na c c or da nc ewi t ht hepr of e s s i ona ls t a nda r dsf ort he i r j ob? Re s our c eAl l oc at i on:Toha v eaqua l i t ypr o gr a m wene e da l l oc a t et her i ghta mountofr e s our c e s .Ex. Re s our c e smi ghtbes t a ffin g( e no u ghs t a ff) , fina n c i a l( bud ge ta ppr opr i a t e ) ,s p a c e( a pp r op r i a t ef ort yp e sof p r o gr a m) I nc r e as ePr ofit s :Ma n ys oc i a lpr ogr a msdonotha v et hepo we rt oi nc r e a s epr ofit sShoul dbea bl et ous e t hepr o fit se ffe c t i v e l ya nde ffic i e nt l y * Nonpr ofitor g a n i z a t i onsa r ea l l o we dt oma keapr o fitt oma k ei tbe t t e r Ac c ount abi l i t y :I fweha v epr of e s s i ona lc ommi t me nt ,ha v ea p pr op r i a t e l ya l l oc a t e dourr e s our c e s ,a nd u s e da n ypr ofit st oma ket heor g a ni z a t i onbe t t e r ,t he ni twoul dbes a f et oa s s umet ha ty o uwe r ebe i ng a c c ount a bl ea ndwor ki n gt o wa r dsa c hi e vi ngt hehi ghe s tde s i r ef orqu a l i t y . Ope r at i onal i z eNe e ds :The r ei sdi ffe r e ntt ype sofda t as l i de3 Th r e et ype sofda t a : Cons t i t ue ntda t a ;( ma d eupme mbe r sf r om t hepr ogr a m) Ext e r n a lI n v e n t or yDa t a :( c a l l i n got he rc ommu ni t i e se x.s wi mmi n gc e nt e r ) I nt e r na lI n v e nt or yda t a :( a s kme mbe r swi t hi nt heor g a ni z a t i on) Ex .Cons t i t ue ntd a t aons l i de4 :1.Cons t i t ue ntdat a :EXAMPLESOFDATAGATHERI NG Us e r sa ndnonus e r s=De mogr a p hi cda t a( a ge , s e x) c ur r e ntAc t i vi t yi n v ol v e me nt( wha tpe opl ea l r e a dyfinda p pe a l i n g) Ne e ds& s ki l l s( a c c ommo da t eav a r i e t yofne e ds ) At t i t u de s ,be l i e f s ,v a l ue s( i si tc on gr u e ntwi t ht h ec ons t i t u e nt s ) Pr e f e r e nc e s ,Opi ni o ns ,i nt e r e s t&I nt e nt i ons( fiv ew’ swhe nwhe r ea ndwi t hwho) Ex t e r na li n v e nt or ys l i de6 2 . Ext e r nali nv e nt or yda t a Da t af r om ot he rpl a c e s ,noty ourpr ogr a m c ompa r a t i v ei n v e n t or i e s( c ompa r e ss i mi l a rs i z e dc ommuni t i e sorpr o gr a ms ,i de nt i f ynor ma t i v ene e ds , d oneb ybo t hc omme r c i a l& non-p r ofitor g. )

En vi r onme nt a lRe s our c e sSc a n :i n v e nt o r yofph y s i c a lf a c i l i t i e s ,pr ogr a ms&s e r vi c e s So c i a lI ndi c a t or s :St a t i s t i cma i nt a i ne db ygo v e r nme nta ge nc i e s& or g a ni z a t i on s So c i a lVa l u e s :c ommun i t yv a l ue sa r euni quet oe a c hc ommuni t y( pl a y gr ound) * wha twor ksi not he rp l a c e s :Coo ki ec u t t e rc ommuni t i e s I nt e r na li n v e nt or ys l i de8 :3.I nt e r nali nv e nt or ydat a Da t af r om/ f or /a bouty ourpr ogr a m Ph i l os oph y/ Mi s s i on:Con t i nua lc he c k i n ss uppor taf o c usonap r ogr a m me e t i n gt heo r ga ni z a t i ona l mi s s i on. St a ffin g :As s e s s i ngs ki l l s ,s t r e n gt hs ,t r a i ni ngne e ds ,qua l i fic a t i ons. . . Re c e nt& pa s tpr ogr a ms :Re gi s t r a t i on,r e v e nue / s ubs i dy ,pa r t i c i pa nt s ,s u c c e s s ,. . . Equi pme nt ,f a c i l i t i e s ,a nds uppl i e s :Re s our c ea l l oc a t i on,budg e t i n gr e q u i r e me nt sf orr e pa i r&p ur c ha s e , p r o gr a mi n gne e ds Bud g e t a r yI s s ue s :Fi s c a lpos i t i on,r e v e nueg e ne r a t i onpol i c i e se x .ba nkl o a n Th e r ea r et wos our c e sofda t aons l i de10 2s our c e sofdat a: Pe opl e( pr i ma r ys our c e ) :a s kus e r sa ndpot e nt i a lus e r st opr o vi dey out heda t af o ry ourne e d sa s s e s s me nt Ad v:Bui l di ngr e l a t i on s hi p s ,c l os et ot h es our c e ,a b l et of ol l o wup,g e t t i n gr e l e v a nti nf o Di s a d v:Pe opl eha v ec onfli c t i ngne e ds ,t i mec ons umi n g ,e xpe ns i v e , y oumi ghti nt r oduc ebi a si nt ot he n e e dsa s s e s s me nt Re c or ds( s e c onda r ys our c e ,t r e nds ) :us i n gr e c or dsa sda t a , findar e l i a bl es our c ef orda t at ha th a sa l r e a d y b e e nc ol l e c t e d Ad v:l e s st i mec ons umi ng ,l e s se xpe ns i v e ,l e s sc ha nc ef orbi a s e dr e s ul t s Di s a d v:Da t ama ynotbec u r r e nt , da t ama yr e l a t et oadi ffe r e n tc ohor t Be s tc omb o

Lesson 2: Program Evaluation Needs Assessment vs Program Evaluation slide 2 Theory: Definitions slide 2 Learn the difference between program, formative and summative evaluations. Process and product evaluation can be difficult to understand how they are different. For example, this study guide is the process to get ready for the final exam. How well you do on the final exam is the product.

Benefits of evaluations slide 4 Aspects of evaluation slide 6 Asking the right questions slide 7

Format Formative ive Ev Evaluation aluation slide 2 Summative ev evaluation aluation slide 2 & 3

Considerations:

Design for impact slide 2 Measuring impact slide 3 Which questions should we ask? Slide 5

Assess effectiveness slide 6 Justify why a summative evaluation is a good idea at the end or after the end of a program. Start at the end slide 7 Data collection: Data collection methods slide 2 Triangulation slide 2 Applied Learning slide 2

Lesson 6: DESIGNING FUNDAMENTALS Three Program Reference Points slide 2 pre-program: all the work you need to do before the program starts program: problem solving and leading the program post program: the important work after the program ends like clean up evaluation and debriefing

Programming slide 3 Pre-program tasks slide 2 What are all the tasks that a programmer needs to do or organize others to do before the program is ready to open: includes conducting A needs assessment, writing a grant proposal, registration, staff hiring, purchasing supplies, etc. Example if you forget to promote your program what are the implications?: Registration numbers might decline, income goes down, number of required stuff goes down, space requirements down.

go

The order Is correct if: You have a logical argument to justify your choices Your program if ready to open its doors to welcome participants on your target start date Ex. Facility development not necessary if there is already a place Organizational charts Organizational charts are an important tool to use so that as the program planner you are: well organized, organizational charts help to identify priorities, manage resources, hold staff and volunteers accountable, identify interdependency of the program tasks, determine the critical timeline to accomplish tasks

*note that there are also organizational charts that show the hierarchy of staff and management in an organization which is a different tool Gantt Charts slide 4    

basically, a spreadsheet with horizontal lines showing the amount of work done or production completed sometimes the Gantt chart shows a time with the amount of work completed or still needing to be completed and deadlines the Gantt chart shows who was responsible for completing the tasks the Gantt chart is a tool to keep the project on time and organized and to make sure everyone knows their responsibilities

During the program overview slide 2 Leading the program when we launched our program and welcome participants most of our hard work should be done. In this section let's look at some organizational tools and animation skills that are vital you might be a community leader facilitating a workshop meeting Recreation programs or working with parent groups Etc. each leadership role is unique, and we can get best practices. Group discussions Leading Discussions slide 2 Leading a group Discussion Group discussions give everyone the opportunity to have a voice allow a variety of ideas and open channels of communication you never know when you might find yourself leaving a group and   

might be part of your job you might volunteer to lead you might have been asked to lead the group

How to lead a group discussion slide 6 6 steps in the facilitation cycle these are the six steps(introduction, Gathering, selecting, handling, planning, conclusion) in the facilitation cycle suggested by Joseph Cypher how to lead a group discussion sometimes the discussion is unplanned and you need to go with the flow other times the discussion is schedule and in this case you have the opportunity to plan and guide the group consider:      

setting the tone (chair placements, name tags) creating a welcoming space (early, rearrange furniture, staff doing respective jobs) establishing ground rules (respect, taking turns, when breaks, whos taking notes) bringing materials like snacks or drinks (marker,coffee,agenda) setting an agenda (ask the right questions, define problem, encourage ideas from the group) communicating with the members (foster an open process, follow up, ask questions)

Facilitating Recreation Programs General facilitation guidelines slide 3

General Facilitation guidelines     

know your group and number of people participating likes and dislikes participants past experiences require training before the event special needs or special skills

working to make sure that your program design is properly aligned with your population helps to ensure success Setting the tone slide 5 Setting the tone at the program leader your participants are looking to you for cues about how to behave if you are stressed participant's might become nervous and stressed too will pick up on your nonverbal cues and respond in kind if you are motivated as positive attributes will also be conveyed to the people in your program the message is simple you need to act and speak in a way that sets the tone for how you want participants to experience your program Leaderships skills slide 6 Leadership skills leadership skills can be divided broadly into two categories core competencies and personal attributes core competencies include the ability to instruct, up-to-date certifications, manage risks, ability to be organized, crisis management...