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Question 1 1 / 1 pts Which of the following statements regarding floods is true? Correct! A 50-year flood has a 2% chance of occurring in any one year. A 50-year flood is generally larger than a 100-year flood. A 50-year flood occurs more frequently than a 5-year flood. A 50-year flood on one river is the same size as a 50-year flood on another river.

Question 2 1 / 1 pts In geology, the term stream is applied to any body of water flowing over the surface, regardless of the size of that body of water. Correct! True False

Question 3 1 / 1 pts What is the probability of a 50-year flood occurring next year along the Skykomish River in Washington State? 1% Correct! 2% 10%

50%

Question 4 1 / 1 pts Which of the following would be the most fertile area for crops? a stream channel Correct! a floodplain a natural levee an uplands area away from the stream

Question 5 1 / 1 pts In the map of a stream, the arrow is pointing to a(n) ____________.

natural levee Correct! oxbow lake point bar sand dune

Question 6 1 / 1 pts Oxbow lakes are associated with which of the following types of rivers? braided rivers dendritic rivers Correct! meandering rivers straight rivers

Question 7 1 / 1 pts The velocity of a river multiplied by the cross-sectional area of the river channel yields the river's capacity Correct! discharge recurrence interval none of these

Question 8 1 / 1 pts Which of the following types of streams has many channels? Correct! braided streams

meandering streams both braided and meandering streams neither braided nor meandering streams

Question 9 1 / 1 pts Curves and bends in a stream channel are called ______. alluvial fans braids deltas Correct! meanders

Question 10 1 / 1 pts For a given river, which of the following floods would have the largest discharge? a 5-year flood a 20-year flood Correct! a 50-year flood One cannot tell from the information provided

Question 11

1 / 1 pts The word _____ is used for any flowing body of water large or small. river Correct! stream channel drainage

Question 12 1 / 1 pts Which of the following forces is the dominant cause of mass movement? Correct! gravity seismic energy tidal force wind

Question 13 1 / 1 pts The volume of water flowing past a given point in a given time is called the ______. capacity competence Correct!

discharge viscosity

Question 14 1 / 1 pts For most rivers, discharge __________ downstream. Correct! increases remains constant decreases slightly decreases greatly

Question 15 0 / 1 pts A ridge of high land between two streams is called a Correct Answer divide You Answered drainage network natural levee none of these

Question 16 1 / 1 pts In which of the following locations would one most likely find a braided stream?

Correct! at the edge of a melting glacier on a gently sloping plain of fine-grained sediment in a narrow gorge cut into bedrock all of the above

Question 17 1 / 1 pts Where does a stream channel begin? where rainwater infiltrates into the subsurface weakening the underlying bedrock where there are active faults that create cracks in the underlying bedrock Correct! where rainwater flows over the surface so fast that it carves into the underlying units where there are pre-existing weaknesses in the bedding planes in the underlying units

Question 1 1 / 1 pts After oceans, which of the following reservoirs contains the most water? Correct! the glaciers and polar ice caps

the lakes and rivers the underground waters the atmosphere

Question 2 1 / 1 pts The process by which surface water becomes groundwater is called transpiration. discharge. evaporation. Correct! infiltration.

Question 3 1 / 1 pts What powers the hydrologic cycle? Correct! solar energy mantle convection magnetism radioactive decay

Question 4 1 / 1 pts

The largest freshwater reservoir in the hydrologic cycle is groundwater. the biosphere. Correct! glaciers. the atmosphere.

Question 5 1 / 1 pts The release of water vapor from plants is called infiltration. Correct! transpiration. evaporation. precipitation.

Question 6 1 / 1 pts Groundwater represents how much of the world's fresh water? approximately 35% approximately 1% Correct! approximately 29%

approximately 12%

Question 7 1 / 1 pts Layers that transmit groundwater are called Correct! aquifers. influent streams. aquicludes. unsaturated zones.

Question 8 1 / 1 pts Which of the following unfractured rocks has the highest porosity? granite shale Correct! sandstone schist

Question 9 1 / 1 pts Which of the following statements regarding porosity and permeability is true? Correct! High porosity rocks generally have high permeability.

High porosity rocks generally have low permeability. Porosity and permeability have identical meanings. Low porosity rocks generally have high permeability.

Question 10 0 / 1 pts Which of the following sandstones will have the highest porosity? a well-sorted, cemented sandstone Correct Answer a well-sorted, uncemented sandstone You Answered a poorly sorted, uncemented sandstone a poorly sorted, cemented sandstone

Question 11 1 / 1 pts Permeability is the Correct! ability of a solid to allow fluids to pass through. percentage of pore space in a rock. amount of water vapor in the air relative to the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold. process by which plants release water vapor to the atmosphere.

Question 12 1 / 1 pts In the unsaturated zone, pore spaces in the soil and rock contain air. Correct! air and water. water. neither air nor water.

Question 13 0 / 1 pts Which of the following combinations make for the best groundwater reservoir? low permeability and low porosity low permeability and high porosity You Answered high permeability and low porosity Correct Answer high permeability and high porosity

Question 14 1 / 1 pts What is the difference between the saturated and unsaturated zones of groundwater? The saturated zone has a lower porosity than the unsaturated zone.

The pore spaces in the saturated zone are not full of water; the pore spaces in the unsaturated zone are full of water. The saturated zone has a higher porosity than the unsaturated zone. Correct! The pore spaces in the saturated zone are full of water; the pore spaces in the unsaturated zone are not full of water.

Question 15 1 / 1 pts Which of the following statements about the groundwater table is true? Correct! The groundwater table has the same general shape as the topography. The groundwater table changes when discharge is balanced by recharge. The groundwater table is well below the land surface beneath lakes. The groundwater table is elevated near high-volume pumping wells.

Question 16 1 / 1 pts Which of the following statements is true? Influent streams recharge groundwater and are characteristic of humid regions. Influent streams discharge groundwater and are characteristic of arid regions. Correct! Influent streams recharge groundwater and are characteristic of arid regions.

Influent streams discharge groundwater and are characteristic of humid regions.

Question 17 1 / 1 pts Which of the following represents the boundary between the saturated zone and the unsaturated zone? aquiclude porosity aquifer Correct! groundwater table

Question 18 1 / 1 pts Which of the following statements regarding effluent streams is true? Effluent streams recharge groundwater and are characteristic of humid regions. Effluent streams recharge groundwater and are characteristic of arid regions. Correct! Effluent streams are fed by groundwater and are characteristic of humid regions. Effluent streams are fed by groundwater and are characteristic of arid regions.

Question 19 1 / 1 pts

What type of aquifer is bounded above and below by relatively impermeable beds? saturated Correct! confined unconfined aquiclude

Question 20 1 / 1 pts If the amount of discharge in an aquifer exceeds the amount of recharge, the groundwater table may rise or drop depending on the permeability. Correct! will drop. will remain the same. will rise.

Question 21 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is not caused by overpumping groundwater? development of cracks and fissures at the surface intrusion of salt water into coastal aquifers Correct!

raising of the land surface depletion of an aquifer

Question 22 1 / 1 pts Which of the following statements about groundwater in coastal regions is true? Fresh water is denser than seawater; therefore, salty groundwater floats on top of fresh groundwater. Correct! Seawater is denser than fresh water; therefore, fresh groundwater floats on top of salty groundwater. Seawater is denser than fresh water; therefore, salty groundwater floats on top of fresh groundwater. Fresh water is denser than seawater; therefore, fresh groundwater floats on top of salty groundwater.

Question 23 1 / 1 pts How fast does most groundwater move in aquifers? Correct! a few centimeters per day a few tens of kilometers per day a few kilometers per day a few meters per day

Question 24 1 / 1 pts In what type of rock do most caves form? granite Correct! limestone shale sandstone

Question 25 1 / 1 pts Sinkholes are a possible danger in regions underlain by what type of bedrock? shale Correct! limestone sandstone granite

Question 26 1 / 1 pts ________ is the infiltration of water into the saturated zone, and _______ is the exit of groundwater to the surface. Hydration; outflux Permeation; evaporation

Seepage; outflow Correct! Recharge; discharge

Question 27 1 / 1 pts The main difference between a hot spring and a geyser lies in the chemistry of the water. bedrock the water flows through. Correct! regularity of the underground plumbing system. temperature of the water.

Question 28 1 / 1 pts Geysers have ____________ than regular hot springs. colder water hotter water Correct! more irregular plumbing systems a higher recharge rate

Question 1 1 / 1 pts Horizontal, planar, rocky surfaces that form in the surf zone as a result of wave erosion are called ______. backshores barrier islands stacks Correct! wave-cut terraces

Question 2 1 / 1 pts The zigzag motion that carries sand grains along a beach is known as ________. Correct! longshore drift meandering refraction turbidity

Question 3 1 / 1 pts Which of the following terms describes the region of breaking waves near the shoreline? Correct! surf zone

swash zone tidal flat No answer text provided.

Question 4 1 / 1 pts The best way to preserve natural beach environments is to ___________. build groins build levee systems truck in sand Correct! leave it alone

Question 5 1 / 1 pts A rip current is a strong flow of water moving _______. parallel to the shore at a 60° angle to the shore at a 30° angle to the shore Correct! perpendicular to the shore

Question 6

1 / 1 pts Near-shore crest-shaped waves are called __________. surf swell Correct! breakers backwash

Question 7 1 / 1 pts Which of the following forms a barricade between the open ocean and the main shoreline? abyssal hills Correct! barrier islands guyots wave-cut terraces

Question 8 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is not a shoreline depositional landform? spit barrier island sand bar

Correct! sea stack

Question 9 1 / 1 pts What causes the tides? earthquakes Correct! gravity ocean currents wind

Question 10 1 / 1 pts In Hawaii, the difference between low and high tides is approximately 0.5 m. In the Bay of Fundy in eastern Canada, the tidal range can reach __________. 1.2 m 6m Correct! 12 m 60 m

Question 1 1 / 1 pts At the last glacial maximum, sea level was about ______ lower than today. 10 m

130 m 200 m 1000 m

Question 2 1 / 1 pts The anomalous warming of the eastern Pacific Ocean that occurs every 3 to 7 years is called ________. Milankovitch cycles La Niña El Niño ENSO

Question 3 1 / 1 pts Chemical analysis of ice cores demonstrates that as temperature increases, concentrations of atmospheric __________. carbon dioxide and methane both decrease carbon dioxide decreases while methane increases carbon dioxide increases while methane decreases carbon dioxide and methane both increase

Question 4 1 / 1 pts If the Earth's atmosphere did not contain greenhouse gases, the Earth's surface would be __________. approximately 33°C cooler approximately 10°C warmer approximately 10°C cooler approximately 33°C warmer

Question 5 1 / 1 pts The Milankovitch cycles are dependent on the Earth's ________. orbital eccentricity precession angle of tilt on the rotation axis all of the above

Question 6 1 / 1 pts Which of the following terms describes an accumulation of rocky, sandy, or clayey material deposited at the end of a glacier? dune esker loess

moraine

Question 7 1 / 1 pts The main force that drives glacial flow is ___________. tides wind gravity all of the above

Question 8 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is a depositional feature rather than an erosional feature? an arete a cirque an esker a hanging valley

Question 9 1 / 1 pts Which of the following features can be used to determine the direction a continental glacier moved? drumlins

roches moutonées striations all of the above

Question 10 1 / 1 pts A glacier is receding if __________. the amount of accumulation exceeds the amount of ablation the amount of ablation exceeds the amount of accumulation the amount of calving exceeds the amount of sublimation the amount of sublimation exceeds the amount of ablation

Question 11 1 / 1 pts Which of the following best explains why the Great Basin and Mojave deserts of western North America exist? The two deserts lie in the rain shadow of coastal mountains The two deserts lie in the trade winds The two deserts lie near the equator The two deserts lie thousands of kilometers from the ocean

Question 12 1 / 1 pts

What term is used to indicate a geologic process powered by wind? Eolian Fluvial Lacustrine Barometric

Question 13 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is not a cause of desertification? cattle grazing climate change irrigation latitude changes caused by plate tectonics

Question 14 1 / 1 pts From what direction do the trade winds in the tropics blow? East North South West

Question 15 1 / 1 pts In the temperate zones of the Earth between 30° and 60° latitude, the prevailing winds come from the ______. East North South West

Question 16 1 / 1 pts Most of the world's deserts occur in the ________. regions around the North and South Pole regions where the westerlies blow regions north and south of the equator, known as the tropics regions of elevation above 10,000 meters

Question 17 1 / 1 pts Which of the following best explains why the Sahara desert of Africa exists? The Sahara desert lies in the rain shadow of coastal mountains The Sahara desert lies near 30°N latitude The Sahara desert lies thousands of kilometers from the ocean

The sandy soil of the Sahara desert drains so quickly that vegetation is unable to grow

Question 18 1 / 1 pts What minerals are responsible for the orange-brown colors of weathered surfaces in the desert? carbonates framework silicates iron oxides sulfates

Question 19 1 / 1 pts Desert varnish is composed of all of the following except __________. carbonate minerals clay minerals iron oxides manganese oxides

Question 20 1 / 1 pts The steeper, downwind side of a sand dune is called a sand drift

ventifact slip face none of these...