Flashcards Chapter 12 - Flashcards Chapter 12 PDF

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Flashcards based on chapter 12 for NMSU intro to psych...

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Term

Description

Personal attributions

People's explanations for why events or actions occur that refer to people's internal characteristics, such as abilities, traits, moods, or efforts. (page 466)

Situational attributions

People's explanations for why events or actions occur that refer to external events, such as the weather, luck, accidents, or other people's actions. (page 466)

Fundamental attribution error

In explaining other people's behavior, the tendency to overemphasize personality traits and underestimate situations. (page 466)

Actor/observer bias

When interpreting our own behavior, the tendency to focus on situations rather than personality traits. (page 466)

Self-fulfilling prophecy

People's tendency to behave in ways that confirm their own expectations or other people's expectations. (page 469)

Prejudice

Negative feelings, opinions, and beliefs associated with a stereotype. (page 469)

Discrimination

The inappropriate and unjustified treatment of people based on the groups they belong to. (page 469)

Modern racism

Subtle forms of prejudice that coexist with the rejection of racist beliefs. (page 470)

Attitudes

People's evaluations of objects, of events, or of ideas. (page 472)

Attitude accessibility

Ease or difficulty of retrieving an attitude from memory. (page 472)

Mere exposure effect

The increase in liking due to repeated exposure. (page 472)

Explicit attitude

An attitude that a person is consciously aware of and can report. (page 474)

Implicit attitude

An attitude that influences a person's feelings and behavior at an unconscious level. (page 474)

Cognitive dissonance

An uncomfortable mental state due to a contradiction between two attitudes or between an attitude and a behavior. (page 475)

Persuasion

The active and conscious effort to change an attitude through the transmission of a message. (page 477)

Central route

A method of persuasion that uses high elaboration -- where people pay attention to the arguments and consider all the information in the message. This method usually results in development of stronger attitudes. (page 477)

Peripheral route

A method of persuasion that uses low elaboration -- where people minimally process the message. This method usually results in development of weaker attitudes. (page 477)

Social facilitation

When the mere presence of others improves performance. (page 479)

Social loafing

The tendency for people to work less hard in a group than when working alone. (page 479)

Deindividuation

A state of reduced individuality, reduced self-awareness, and reduced attention to personal standards; this phenomenon may occur when people are part of a group. (page 480)

Conformity

The altering of your own behaviors and opinions to match those of other people or to match other people's expectations. (page 481)

Social norms

Expected standards of conduct, which influence behavior. (page 482)

Compliance

The tendency to agree to do things requested by others. (page 483)

Obedience

When a person follows the orders of a person of authority. (page 484)

Aggression

Any behavior that involves the intention to harm someone else. (page 486)

Frustration-aggression hypothesis

The idea that the more frustrated a person feels, the more likely the person is to act aggressively. (page 487)

Prosocial

Acting in ways that tend to benefit others. (page 488)

Altruism

The act of providing help when it is needed, with no apparent reward for doing so. (page 489)

Bystander intervention effect

The failure to offer help to people in need. (page 489)

Passionate love

A type of romantic relationship that includes intense longing and sexual desire. (page 494)

Companionate love

A type of romantic relationship that includes strong commitment to supporting and caring for a partner. (page 494)...