Fluids and elec unanswered PDF

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The principal cation in intracellular fluid is A) sodium. B) potassium. C) calcium. D) magnesium. E) chloride.

When large amounts of pure water are consumed, A) the ECF becomes hypertonic to the ICF. B) a fluid shift occurs and the volume of the ICF decreases. C) osmolarities of the two compartments are slightly lower. D) the volume of the ECF decreases.

E) the volume of the ICF decreases

) Consuming a meal high in salt will A) drastically increase the osmolarity of the blood. B) result in a temporary increase in blood volume. C) decrease thirst. D) cause hypotension. E) activate the renin-angiotensin mechanism.

When the level of sodium ion in extracellular fluid decreases, A) osmoreceptors are stimulated. B) a person experiences an increased thirst. C) more ADH is released. D) there is an increase in the level of aldosterone. E) there is an increase in the level of atrial natriuretic factor.

The amount of potassium secreted by the kidneys is regulated by A) ADH. B) aldosterone. C) parathormone. D) atrial natriuretic factor. E) cortisol.

Hypoventilation would cause A) respiratory acidosis. B) respiratory alkalosis. C) metabolic acidosis.

D) metabolic alkalosis A person with chronic diabetes will exhibit signs of A) respiratory acidosis. B) respiratory alkalosis. C) metabolic acidosis.

D) metabolic alkalosis

What effect would a decrease in pH have on the amount of potassium ions in the urine? A) an increase in the amount of potassium in the urine B) a decrease in the amount of potassium in the urine

C) no effect on the amount of potassium in the urine The normal pH range for body fluids is ________ to __ Fred has chronic emphysema. Blood tests show that his pH is normal but his bicarbonate levels are elevated significantly. How can this be?

Short answer Questions 1. How does the kidney regulate blood pH? How does the lung regulate blood pH?

2. What is ECF hypertonicity? ECF hypotonicity? Give examples of physiological situations causing these effects.

3. What causes respiratory acidosis? respiratory alkalosis? metabolic acidosis? metabolic alkalosis? How is carbon dioxide or bicarbonate ion involved in each? Give one or two examples of physiological situations that could cause each.

4. Why are blood K+ levels so carefully regulated?

. 5. How does the proximal tubule retain filtered bicarbonate and secretes H+ into the urine.

6. What is the role of aldosterone in electrolyte regulation and how does it act?...