GE1 Module 4 - Psychology PDF

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STUDY GUIDE FOR MODULE NO. ___

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CHAPTER I: THE SELF FROM VARIOUS PERSPECTIVES D. PSYCHOLOGY LEARNING CONTENTS (title of the subsection)

I. William James and the Me-Self, I-Self William James (1890) distinguished two understanding of the self represented by the self as “Me”, and the self as “I”. The former corresponds to the self as an object of experience (self as object) or the self as known, the latter refers to the self as a subject of experience (self as subject) or the self as knower that is considered to be pure ego and the consciousness itself. In James view, “Me” reflects “all things” which have the power to produce excitement of a certain particular source, an experiential quality of me-ness, mine-ness, and some similar form, and is consist with three components, material, social, spiritual. The material self as according to James, is the component of “Me” that we tend to be most affected with, as we invest our selves within these things such as clothes, family, and home. Man’s social self is assembled based on our interactions with the society and the reactions of others that are analyzed in order to contribute to our idea of a social self. Thus, actions manifested by people will depend on the social situation they are interacting with. With the diverse social situations that an individual may encounter and participate with, it is then assumed that one may manifest number of selves depending on a situation. The spiritual self is said by James to be the most intimate self. It is who we are at our core and something that is permanent: personality, core values, conscience, etc. James considered the spiritual self to be the most intimate version because the satisfaction experienced when one thinks of his / her “ability to argue and discriminate, of one’s moral sensibility, and conscience, of one’s indomitable will” (James 1890, 164) is more pure than other sentiments of satisfaction. II. Real and Ideal Self Concept Karen Horney believed that people experiences anxiety, and by such experience that they develop strategies to be able to reduce and cope with the anxiety. Thus, people tend to create an idealized self - an imaginary picture of self having an unlimited power or qualities which the actual self - who we actually are, has failed to fulfill. Underlying both the idealized and actual self is the real self, which is revealed only when a person starts to find ways to deal and resolve anxiety and conflicts. With Carl Rogers belief, humans have one basic motive, that is to be self actualized. To achieved such motive, individual’s real self (actual behavior) and ideal self (i.e. who you would like to become) must be in a state of congruence. When the environment is right, one may reach his / her full potential. People, according to Rogers, are inherently good and creative, it is only when poor self concept overriding the valuing process that they become destructive. Such that, when gaps between the real and ideal self exist that unhealthy personality arises. III. True versus False Selves Donald W. Winnicott explained his theory about the True Self (the unshaped you) and the PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY

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False Self in the paper he wrote in 1960. As he expounded, false self may develop to protect the inner, and more vulnerable true self. When a child is reared in an environment with supportive caretakers and whose needs are satisfied then true self may develop. Hence, there are instances that the environment does have no enough resources to gratify the needs of the child for certain reasons. In this situation, a child may feel that his / her truest needs is unacceptable, becoming unconsciously compliant and adjust his / her behavior. A false self may at times appear to be Healthy False Self - that is becoming compliant but without the feeling that the true self is betrayed, and at times Unhealthy False Self - the which promotes the feeling of being forced to comply with the demands of a situation. IV. Self as Proactive and Agentic People as viewed by the Social Cognitive Theory, are capable of controlling their own lives. They are proactive, and reflective, and influential to their own actions to produce desired consequences. The agent self resides over everything that involves decision making, self-control, taking charge in situations, and actively responding. As such, people has the power to choose which option is to be selected, or what action is to be done. Our capacity to distinguish those that we are capable of accomplishing, and those that are not describes the quality of self-efficacy a person has. Some may manifest with high self efficacy, and some will be associated with low self efficacy.

SUMMARY

The representation of one’s identity come in the cognitive and affective aspect of an individual. Currently, psychology views the self as playing an integral part in the motivation of people’s rational, affective, and social identity. The self then, has various feature that help make up integral part of it, like awareness and knowledge of the self to which people are capable to modify to obtain social acceptance. REFERENCES Alata, E., et. al. (2018), Understanding the Self, Rex Book Store, Inc. (RBSI), Quezon City Aldana, C. (2018), Psychological Perspective of the Self, https://prezi.com Cuevo, F., et. al. (2018), Understanding the Self, St. Andrew Publishing House, Bulacan Villafuerte, S., et. al. (2018), Understanding the Self, Nieme Publishing House Co. Ltd. Quezon City Wozniak, M.(2020), “I” and “Me”: The Self in the Context of Consciousness, www.frontiersin.org, retrieved August 16, 2020 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A02Ucd6monY

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