GEED World Literature PUP Instructional material PDF

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GEED 10223 | WORLD LITERATURERepublic of the Philippines POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES Office of the Vice President for Branches and Campuses Santa Maria Bulacan Campus Santa Maria, BulacanINSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS FORWORLD LITERATURE (GEED 10223)COMPILED BY:Ms. Kamille D. Legaspi, LPT, MA...

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Republic of the Philippines POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES Office of the Vice President for Branches and Campuses Santa Maria Bulacan Campus Santa Maria, Bulacan

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS FOR WORLD LITERATURE (GEED 10223)

COMPILED BY:

Ms

GEED 10223 | WORLD LITERATURE

MAE

INTRODUCTION

This set of instructional materials is prepared for the students who will take World Literature (GEED 10223) as part of the requirements for the degree-Bachelor of Secondary Education major in English. It is composed of different outstanding literary pieces from the different parts of the world. It covers the pieces written from Antiquity, Middles Ages, Renaissance, Romantic period, Modernist period, and Contemporary period. It focuses on analyzing and appreciating the cultural, historical, personal, and literary values of the texts. The texts are arranged according to several themes which were carefully selected based on the needs and preference of the students. The faculty assigned used various reading materials to help prepare the content of this instructional materials. This set is made up 9 chapters. Each contains several units with ample amount of discussion, and appropriate forms of assessment. The module was prepared to be the source of students’ knowledge despite the current situation; thus, each page was carefully crafted with various resources as references. The writer hopes that the learning and development of the students will not stop after finishing this course; instead, the beginning of their unending passion for literature. To ensure this, the students ought to make a portfolio for this subject. It must be a regular notebook made creative to contain all the answers for each exercise and assessment. Hence, no answer shall be written in the instructional material. Thank you. I wish you a lot of fun and learning. Stay safe.

KAMILLE D. LEGASPI, MAEd, LPT

GEED 10223 | WORLD LITERATURE

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: Overview of Literature

Nature of Literature Types and Genres of Literature Literary Periods and Movements

CHAPTER 2: Selected Literary Pieces on Romance

The Passionate Shepherd to His Love (Christopher Marlowe) The Nymphs Reply to the Shepherd (Walter Raleigh) Sonnet 116 (William Shakespeare) How do I love thee? (Elizabeth Browning) Tonight I can write the Saddest Lines (Pablo Neruda) Annabel Lee (Edgar Allan Poe) The Ballad of the Lonely Masturbator (Anne Sexton) For my Lover Returning to his Wife (Anne Sexton) A Rose for Emily (William Faulkner) Romeo and Juliet (William Shakespeare)

CHAPTER 3: Selected Literary Pieces on Familial Love

1 2 5

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 19

The Gift of the Magi (O’ Henry) The Last Leaf (O’ Henry) The Flight of Icarus (Greek Mythology) Metamorphosis (Franz Kafkha) The Aged Mother (Japanese Folktale)

24 25

CHAPTER 4: Selected Literary Pieces on Heroism and Adventures

Beowulf Gilgamesh

33

CHAPTER 5: Selected Literary Pieces on Society and Conflicts

The Canterbury Tales (Geoffrey Chaucer) What were they like? (Denise Levertov) The Happy Prince (Oscar Wilde) Miss Saigon Les Miserables (Victor Hugo)

GEED 10223 | WORLD LITERATURE

26 27 29

35

41 41 44 47 50

CHAPTER 6: Selected Literary Pieces on Discrimination

CHAPTER 7 Selected Literary Pieces on Greed and Contentment

CHAPTER 8 Selected Literary Pieces on Choices and Consequences

Telephone Conversation (Wole Soyinka) I know why the Caged Bird Sings (Maya Angelou) To Kill a Mocking Bird (Harper Lee) Life in our Village (Matei Makwei) Yerma (Federico Llorca) Macbeth (William Shakespeare) The Necklace (Guy de Mauppasant) How much Land does a Man need (Leo Tolstoy) What should a Man want? (Wang Chi) The Road Not Taken (Robert Frost) The Armful (Robert Frost) The Lady or the Tiger (Frank Stockton)

55 55 56 57 59

68 70 72 73

76 77 77

CHAPTER 9 Selected Literary Pieces on Death

GRADING SYSTEM REFERENCES

GEED 10223 | WORLD LITERATURE

Because I could not Stop for Death (Emily Dickinson) Bells (Edgar Allan Poe) To an Athlete Dying Young (A.E. Housman) Divine Comedi (Dante Alegueri)

80 81 83 85 88 88

COURSE OUTCOMES: • • • • •

Identify the elements that make up the various outstanding pieces from the different parts of the world. Differentiate the culture and traditions of the countries from which the materials were sourced. Summarize and outline the selected pieces. Explain the themes of the literary pieces. Transform the pieces to a variety of forms while maintaining its original idea.

CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE Learning Outcomes: After successful completion of this chapter, the students should be able to: • Define Literature. • Enumerate the elements, genres and forms of Literature. • Differentiate Prose form Poetry and Fictional from Non-Fictional Literatures. • Draw the timeline of literary periods and movements.

Course Materials: • Nature of Literature • Types and Genres of Literature • Literary Periods and Movements

UNIT 1: NATURE OF LITERATURE What is Literature? -it comes from the word litera which literally means an acquaintance with letters. -It consists of those writing which interpret the meanings of nature and life, in words of chm and power, touched with the personality of the author, in artistic forms of permanent interest. -Henry Van Dyke -it represents the significant human experiences What are the Literary Standards? A literary piece must possess the following to be qualified as literature. It was developed by William J. Long in his textbook “English Literature: It History and Its Significance for the Life of the English-speaking World.

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1. Universality – a literary piece must appeal to anyone regardless of readers’ cultural background, race, sexual preference, and age. Everyone must be able to relate to it. 2. Artistry or Aesthetic Value- a literary piece must possess an aesthetic appeal. The words that are put together must charm the readers. 3. Intellectual Value- a literary piece must empower critical thinking of the readers. It must enrich the mental processes of abstract and reasoning of man making him realizes the fundamental truths of life and its nature. 4. Suggestiveness/Emotional Value- a literary piece must untangle and invoke man’s emotional power to define symbolisms, nuances, implied meanings, images and messages, giving and evoking visions above and beyond the plane of ordinary life and experiences. 5. Spiritual Value- a literary piece must uplift the spirit and the soul. It must have the power to motivate and inspire, drawn from the suggested morals or lessons of the different literary genres. 6. Permanence- a literary piece must endure time. It must not occur only at a specific time. 7. Style- Its presents peculiar ways on how man sees life as evidenced by the formation of his ideas, forms, structures and expressions which are marked by their memorable substance. Exercise: Write your answer on your portfolio. 1. What is literature? 2. What are the two common topics of literary pieces? 3. Give one literary piece that possess the 7 literary standards. Explain your answer.

UNIT 2: TYPES AND GENRES OF LITERATURE Genres of Literature (Genres of Literature, 2020) The two main categories: 1. Fiction- these literary pieces are based on the imagination of the author. It may be founded on a true story or situation. The word is from the Latin fictio which means the act of making, fashioning or molding. Types of Fiction: A. Prose- it is a genre of literature which are written or spoken using the ordinary language. It is formed without metrical structure. Some Types of Prose a. Drama- these are stories that are formed through verse or prose which are usually for theatrical performance. The conflicts and emotions are expressed through dialogue and action. e.g. Antigone by Sophocles b. Fables- these are stories that use animals with “human-like” capabilities as characters. It usually leaves useful truths. e.g. Animal Farm by George Orwell c. Fairy Tales or Wonder tales- are a kind of folktale or fable. These are stories with magical creatures that are written for the amusement of children. e.g. Cinderella

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d. Science Fiction/Sci-Fi- these are stories founded on the impact of science. These are usually set in the future or other planets. e.g. Hunger Games Series by Suzanne Collins e. Realistic Fiction-these are stories that are based on real life and could have happened. e.g. The Fault n Our Stars by John Green f. Folktales- these are stories that are handed down by word of mouth. These are usually based on unsubstantiated beliefs. e.g. The Monkey and the Turtle g. Historical Fiction- these are stories with fictional characters and events in a historical setting. e.g. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain h. Tall Tale-these are humorous stories with blatant exaggerations, swaggering heroes who do the impossible without showing anxiety. e.g. Paul Bunyan i. Legend- these are stories about national or folk heroes that are based on facts but may also contain imaginative materials. e.g. King Arthur j. Mythology-these are types of traditional narratives based on historical events. It usually uses gods and goddesses as characters with several human-like traits. e.g. Creation Myth (Greek Mythology) B. Poetry- it is type of literature that conveys a thought, describes a scene or tells a story in a concentrated, lyrical arrangement of words. Poems can be structured, with rhyming lines and meter, the rhythm and emphasis of a line based on syllabic beats. Poems can also be freeform, which follows no formal structure (Masterclass, 2019). Some Poetic Forms a. Blank verse- is a poetry written with a precise meter (usually iambic pentameter) that does not rhyme. Note: When a poem is written in iambic pentameter, it means each line contains five iambs-two syllable pairs in which the second syllable is emphasized. b. Rhymed Poem- is a form of poetry that contains vowel sounds at particular moment. e.g. Ulysses by Robert Browning c. Free Verse- is a form of poetry that does not follow or contain the traditional rhyme scheme, metrical pattern, or musical form. e.g. Song of Myself by Walt Whitman d. Epic- it is a long poetry that is almost like a narrative poetry. However, unlike the latter, it usually describes or narrates the extraordinary pursuits of heroes and other characters from the past. e.g. Gilgamesh e. Narrative Poetry- is a long poetry that narrates through verse. It has a plot, characters and setting like a regular story. f. Haiku- it is a poetry that originated in Japan. It has three lines following the 5 syllable-7 syllable-5 syllable pattern. g. Pastoral Poetry- it is a type of poetry that focuses on topics related to the natural world, rural life and landscapes. h. Sonnet- It is a 14-line poetry. Petrarchan (Italian Sonnets) and Shakespearean (English Sonnets) are two of the most famous forms of it. e.g. Sonnet 116 by William Shakespeare i. Elegy- it is a poetry carries melancholy since it focuses on topics such as death or loss. e.g. O Captain! My Captain by Walt Whitman j. Ode- It is a poetry that is written to pay tribute to its topic. e.g. Ode on a Grecian Urn by John Keats k. Limerick- it is poetry that contains 5 lines following the AABBA rhyme scheme. It is usually a short tale or description. e.g. There was a Small Boy of Quebec by Rudyard Kipling

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Lyric Poetry- it is a poetry dedicated to explore the emotions of the speaker. It has songlike quality since it is originally intended to be set to music, accompanied by a musical instrument called a lyre. m. Ballad- it is a form of narrative verse that can be either poetic or musical. It typically follows a pattern of rhymed quatrains. n. Villanelle- it is a nineteen-line poem consisting of five tercets and a quatrain, with a highly specified internal rhyme scheme. e.g. Do not Go Gentle Into That Good Night by Dylan Thomas l.

Elements of Traditional Poetry • Rhythm- it can be described as the beat and pace of a poem • Meter- is the basic rhythmic structure of a line within a work of poetry. Meter consists of two components: the number of syllables and a pattern of emphasis on those syllables. o A line of poetry can be broken into feet, which are individual units within a line of poetry. A foot of poetry has a specific number of syllables and a specific pattern of emphasis. Trochee (DUH-duh), iamb (duh-DUH), Spondee (DUH-DUH), Dactyl (DUH-duh-duh) and Anapest (duh-duh-DUH) are some of the common types of feet. • Rhyme Scheme- is the pattern of sounds that repeats at the end of a line or stanza. It can change line by line, stanza by stanza, or can continue throughout a poem. For example, the rhyme scheme ABAB means the first and third lines of a stanza, or the As rhyme with each other, and the second line rhymes with the fourth line, or the Bs rhyme together. • Stanza- is used o describe the main building block of a poem. It is a unit of poetry composed of lines that relate to a similar thought or topic. It is like a paragraph in prose or verse in a song. • Imagery- it is the use of figurative language to evoke a sensory experience in the reader. It uses words that appeal to the sense of sight, taste, smell, sound, internal and external feelings. 1. Nonfiction- it is a broad genre of writing that encompasses all materials that are based on facts. Some Genres of Nonfiction o History-it consists of true accounts of historical eras and events. o Biography, autobiographies and memoirs- it subset of nonfiction focuses on the life story of a particular subject. o Travel guides and travelogues- these are recount of author’s specific experience traveling somewhere. Exercise: 1. What is the difference between Prose and Poetry? 2. What is the difference between Fiction and Nonfiction?

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UNIT 3: LITERARY PERIODS AND MOVEMENTS The chart below points out the highlights of the World literature. This was taken from Jalic Inc (2011).

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Assessment: Part 1 Write your answer before each number. 1. Which among the following is/are the common topic/s of literary pieces? a. valuable human experiences c. life b. nature d. All of the above 2. The song Anak by Fredie Aguilar has been translated to many different languages because its theme appealed to a variety of audience. Based on the given idea, what possible characteristics of literature does it have? a. Permanence c. Universality b. Intellectual Value d. All of the above 3. Noli Me Tangere is a famous novel written by Dr. Jose Rizal. At the present, it is still being studied and appreciated by the Filipinos because of the value that it reflects to our history. It has ______. a. Permanence c. Emotional Value b. Intellectual Value d. Universality 4. Ang Alibughang Anak is story from the Bible that talks about Family and the unconditional love of a father to his son which reflects God’s love to us-his children. It has ______. a. Style c. Permanence b. Spiritual Value d. Universality 5. Nicholas Sparks is known in writing novels with bitter-sweet ending. His novels are considered part of Popular Literature. Based on the given idea, what possible characteristics of literature does it have? a. Intellectual Value c. Universality b. Style d. Permanence 6. What is the basic difference between Prose and Poetry? a. Prose uses metrical style of writing while poetry does not. b. Prose uses ordinary language while poetry uses a brief form of expression. c. Prose uses characters while Poetry does not. d. All of the above 7. Songs are considered ___________. a. Prose c. Fiction b. Poetry d. Non-fiction 8. Which among the following are most likely to be products of real-life scenarios and situations? a. Prose c. Fiction b. Poetry d. Non-fiction

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9. If the writer does not use meter and other traditional elements of poetry, what does it attempts to write? a. Blank Verse c. Rhymed Poems b. Free Verse d. Narrative Poetry 10. If the imagery are pictures in story books, what are paragraphs in poetry? a. Rhyme c. Meter b. Figures of Speech d. Stanza Part 2 Using your own diagram, draw the timeline of literary periods and movements.

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CHAPTER 2: SELECTED LITERARY PIECES ON ROMANCE Learning Outcomes: • Identify the theme of the literary pieces. • Describe the structure of the pieces. • Deconstruct the pieces by applying the appropriate literary theories. • Transform the pieces to a variety of forms while maintaining its original idea.

Course Materials: • The Passionate Shepherd to His Love (Christopher Marlowe) • The Nymphs Reply to the Shepherd (Walter Raleigh) • Sonnet 116 (William Shakespeare) • How do I love thee? (Elizabeth Browning) • Tonight I can write the Saddest Lines (Pablo Neruda) • Annabel Lee (Edgar Allan Poe) • The Ballad of the Lonely Masturbator (Anne Sexton) • For my Lover Returning to his Wife (Anne Sexton) • A Rose for Emily (William Faulkner) • Romeo and Juliet (William Shakespeare) • Love in the Time of Cholera (Gabriel Garcia-Marquez)

UNIT 1: THE PASSIONATE SHEPHERD Author’s Background: Christopher Marlowe, (baptized Feb. 26, 1564, Canterbury, Kent, Eng.— died May 30, 1593, Deptford, near London), Elizabethan poet and Shakespeare’s most important predecessor in English drama, who is noted especially for his establishment of dramatic blank verse (Leech, 2020) The Passionate Shepherd to His Love BY CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE I Come live with me and be my love, And we will all the pleasures prove, That Valleys, groves, hills, and fields, Woods, or steepy mountain yields.

II And we will sit upon the Rocks, Seeing the Shepherds feed their flocks By shallow Rivers to whose falls Melodious birds sing Madrigals.

III And I will make thee beds of Roses And a thousand fragrant posies, A cap of flowers, and a kirtle Embroidered all with leaves of Myrtle;

IV A gown made of the finest wool Which from our pretty Lambs we pull; Fair lined slippers for the cold, With buckles of the purest gold;

GEED 10223 | WORLD LITERATURE | Selected Literary Pieces in Romance

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V A belt of straw and Ivy buds, With Coral clasps and Amber studs: And if these pleasures may thee move, Come live with me, and be my love.

VI The Shepherds’ Swains shall dance and sing For thy delight each May-morning: If these delights thy mind may move, Then live with me, and be my love.

Exercise: Answer the following: 1. Describe the persona (speaker) in the poem. a. job: b. goal: 2. Provide 2 images in the poetry then explain its significance in the strategy of the persona to achieve his goal. 3. If you were the nymph, what will be your response? Why? 4.Describe the piece as an example of a Pastoral poetry. 5.Pick one verse that you like best. Paraphrase it briefly.

UNIT 2: THE NYMPHS REPLY TO THE SHEPHERD AUTHOR’S BACKGROUND: Sir Walter Raleigh was an English adventurer and writer who established a colony near Roanoke Island, in present-day North Carolina. He was imprisoned in the Tower of London and eventually put to death for treason (Biography, 2020) The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd BY SI R WALTER R ALEGH I. If all the world and love were young, And truth in every Shepherd’s tongue, These pretty pleasures might me move, To live with thee, and be thy love.