Geog 101 Quiz 1 Summaries PDF

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Summary

All chapters before quiz 1 Nancy Worth...

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Answer Prove Explain (APE) Intro 4-5 Points Proof Analysis North Korea, Data Science, Population Pyramid, Demographic Transition

Chapter 1

(Intro to Human.Geog)

● Explain how the study of geography has become essential for understanding a world that is more complex, interdependent, and changing faster than ever before ○ ○

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Intro Understand where we are literally and figuratively Explain (AIFF) ■ Appreciation of people and place ■ Interdependency of people ■ Future spatial patterns ■ Future political power Proof, use of geography, surveyors, census… to find where people are Analysis, very useful in a data oriented world

● Identify four examples of how places influence inhabitants’ lives ○ ○

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Intro places provide setting for people’s lives Explain (DOCSS) ■ Daily routines ■ Opportunities and Constraints ■ Common Sense and Experience ■ Social interactions ■ Social Norms and Politics Proof, your own daily life, anecdotal evidence Analysis, natural and exists in the background of everyone’s lives, but has large influence

● Distinguish the differences among major map projections and describe their relative strengths and weaknesses ○ ○

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Intro The choice of map depends on the purpose of the map, weaknesses are different Explain ■ Equidistant (accurate in direction, only in 1 direction) ■ Conformal (compass directions, exaggerates north) ■ Equivalent (true proportions, squashed, unsatisfactory) Proof Mercader project is a conformal projection, inflates north Analysis, impossible to depict a round surface like earth on a flat surface, information is often omitted, needs multiple maps to be accurate

● Explain how geographers use geographic information systems (GIS) to merge and analyze data. ○

Intro using modern technology and computer science to describe geography better

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Explain ■ High performance computing ■ GPS systems ■ Digital record keeping Proof gis system become more and more widely used Analysis, growing field of geospatial data science used for more effect applications of geography, ex spatial patterns and political power

● Summarize the five concepts that are key to spatial analysis and describe how they help geographers analyze relationships between peoples and places. ○ ○

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Intro geography can be described by points, lines, areas and surfaces Explain (L.A.D.S.S) ■ Location ■ Accessibility ■ Distance ■ Space ■ Spatial Interaction Proof, all described on maps Analysis, useful in combination for creating maps and better applying geography

● Describe the importance of distance in shaping human activity. ○ ○

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Intro everything is related to everything, but near things are more related Explain (NEARNESS PRINCIPLE) ■ Maximizing utility with little effort ■ Maximize connectedness with little money ■ Max activities with little space Proof, Nearness principle Analysis, people want to live together in communities because it is useful to them

● Summarize the three concepts that are key to regional analysis and explain how they help geographers analyze relationships between peoples and places. ○ ○

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Intro Explain (SLR) ■ Sense of place (everyday routines in familiar settings) ■ Landscape (layers of meaning) ■ Regionalization (scientific classification) Proof and Analysis understand the complex relationship between people and places in terms of similarity, differences, identities, and qualities

Chapter 3 (Pop.Geog) ● Understand the census and other sources of population data and how they are used to describe the geography of population ○ ○

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Intro think of population in terms of where pop habit, places shape people, people shape places Explain ■ Census, records, health data ■ Governments, corporations, inter.orgs asses pop ■ Shows how all levels of pop is changing Proof ■ Data is high requested and valuable Analysis, important in data oriented world

● Recognize why populations change, where those changes occur, and what the implications of population change are for the future of different places around the globe ○ ○

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Intro Spatial perspective, emphasizes where pop distribution, patterns, and processes Explain ■ Distribution (opportunities, culture, water, climate) ■ Find patterns in distribution ■ Insight into the process of pop change, and impacts Analysis, make policies using geography

● Identify the two most important factors in population dynamics—birth and death—and explain how they shape population characteristics. ○ ○

Intro to understand pop growth and change , look at first two fundamental factors, fertility and mortality Explain ■ Birth and Death are indicators of development ■ Fertility and Mortality are indicators on how well a country provides for people ■ Life Expectancy, Immigration, and Emigration

● Realize that demographic patterns can be explained within a worldsystem framework. ○ ○

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Intro Demo. patterns are influenced by economic and social spaces. Explain ■ Countries transition from periphery to core ■ Globalization may accentuate differences ■ Difference between core and periphery generates migrant flow Proof low birth rates are today’s core, high birth and death rates are for today’s periphery

● Demonstrate how the movement of population is affected by both push and pull factors, and explain how these factors are key to understanding new settlement patterns. ○ ○

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Intro Migration is important to pop dynamics, make decisions based on push and pull Explain ■ What are push and pull? (repel and attract) ■ Pull factors (better opportunities, life expectancy) ■ Push factors (war, disease, oppression, forced migration) ■ Migration is caused by a combination Proof, Syria, Africa, Europe

● Evaluate the challenges of providing for the world’s growing population with adequate food and safe drinking water, as well as a sustainable environment. ○ ○

Intro we should provide for people instead of arguing that it cause ecological or economical damage Explain ■ We can't assume technology will solve everything ■ We can't assume market will regulate population ■ It is a problem of government responsibility, that they lack the will to do anything

● Recognize that there can be considerable spatial variations in health within a population and that these variations are largely the result of different income levels. ○ ○

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Intro there are many variants in health Explain ■ Life Expectancy ■ Disease Incidence ■ Access to healthcare Analysis higher income high life expectancy

Reid Musson Case Study ● ●

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Scale of migration Detailed list of push and pull factors ○ Push factors from countries ■ Apathy from city officials and citizens ● People generally don’t care about these people ○ Pull factors ■ Promised work ● steady/more income ■ Potentially better living conditions Degree of choice (Forced, reluctant, voluntary?)

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Forced: ■ when they (migrants) can’t seem to find a solution to their current living conditions ○ Reluctant: ■ Leap of faith ○ Voluntary: ■ In a sense ties in with forced, but people are voluntary when they want new opportunities OR they have nothing to lose. Consequences of migration? Demographic Economic Social Critique of Push and Pull

Migrant Dreams ●

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Explain how the documentary portrays issues like belonging and place ○ I feel like the workers generally misses their “home” ○ people of the same race or from the same country tend to stick together (Even when they’re raised in different cultures) ○ To compensate for their yearnings, they create their own little communities ■ Even start families to feel belonged here and a place for them to stay “in the sea of white” ● Minority surrounded by foreigners (check week 2 slides for the photo of a woman sitting) What is your overall impression of the film? ○ Good ○ Gave insight on migrant workers that are treated ○ Shocking to see how people take advantage of these people ○ Interesting to see how these people cope with the feeling of being “unwanted(?)” ■ More like trying to fit in but yeah the point is addressed

Chapter 9 Political Geography ● Express the geopolitical model of the state and explain how it links geography and state practices with respect to the key issues of power and territory. ○ ○

Intro Ancient Greeks expressed state with factors like climate, terrain, relationship between pop and territory Explain ■ Physical environment

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■ Population characteristics ■ How states operate (Foucault, Althusser, Deleuze) Proof, Russia and Crimea Analysis ■ State uses their power to influence geography and expand their power and territory

● Compare and contrast how different contemporary theorists—from Deleuze to Althusser—approach the state as a political and geographical entity. ○ ○

State is a set of institutions for protection and maintenance of society Explain ■ Althusser, ideological and oppressive (authoritarian) ■ Foucault power knowledge discourse produces kinds of subjects (conversion) ■ Deleuze machine, regulate and dominante (paternalistic)

● Interpret how imperialism, colonialism, heartland theory, domino theory, the end of the Cold War, and the emergence of the new world order are key examples of how geography has influenced politics and how politics has influenced geography. ○ ○

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Intro, geopolitics is how one group extends their power over another Explain ■ Imperialism Colonialism, resource exploitation, occupation control ■ Heartland theory, central location for political and geographical control ■ Domino Theory, significance of closeness and proximity ■ Cold War, different governing/state theories Proof, past examples are applications of geography Analysis, Current world is a result of old conflicts

● Demonstrate how the growth and proliferation of international and supranational organizations created the foundation for the emergence of global forms of governance. ○ ○

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Intro states are always important, but international organizations are becoming more and more relevant Explain ■ Increased flow of goods and information ■ International peace ■ Cooperative management of resources, water Proof, the past century has been very peaceful relatively, pop and wealth has grown Analysis, international organizations will face harsher challenges in uniting people but will still become more powerful

● Recognize how events of international political significance are usually the result of East/ West and North/South divisions, whereas national and local political issues emerge out of tensions related to regionalism and sectionalism. ○ ○

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Intro and North/South(rich/poor) Explain ■ Capitalist colonialism and imperialism created East/West (Capitalist/Communist) Cold War, Chinese-US trade war ■ Capitalist colonialism and imperialism created North/South(rich/poor) Africa and Europe ■ Local divisions are ethnic, political, economic, Syrian Civil War Proof, syrian war, civil wars Analysis local divisions are influenced by international conflicts as well as regionalism and sectionalism

● Describe the difference between the politics of geography and the geography of politics as manifestations of the two-way relationship between politics and geography. ○ ○

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Intro Political geography can be viewed in 2 lenses Explain ■ Politics of geography (distribution/differentiation of people impacts politics) ■ Geography of politics (politics shape geography) Proof, censuses, wars...etc Analysis geography continues to be a main tool for politicians to both make opportunities and choose decisions...