Geography 12 presentation notes - volcano, mariana trench PDF

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My presentation notes will help guide you and inform you about the marina trench and volcanos! (I received an A on this project)...

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Sophie’s Geo Notes 3. Map location – Sophie Jun The Mariana Trench is discovered nearly 200 km within the western Pacific Ocean and east of the Philippines. Furthermore, the location is approximately 200 km east of the Mariana Islands. The trench holds a crescent-shaped in the Earth’s crust. Thus, averaging more than 2,550 km long and 69 kilometers wide on average. It is the deepest oceanic trench on Earth. Mariana Trench is so massive and extensive its peak would be 1.6 km taller than Mount Everest. Absolute location of Mariana Trench: 11.3493° N, 142.1996° E Relative location: The Challenger Deep is the farthest point of the trench. Amid the surface of the ocean, it is roughly 322 km southwest of the U.S territory of Guam and 11 km below sea level. 4. what type of rock is your range primarily made up of? – Sophie Jun The inclination of the Mariana Trench is contained abundantly of igneous rocks. Additionally, the types of rocks located in these ocean trenches are asymmetrical. The oceanic side is affected by thick sedimentary rocks, while the continental side mainly produces igneous and metamorphic formations. Large gabbros are found in the trench and multiple volcanic rocks such as boninites, altered and metamorphosed basalts, and andesites. The chemical components of the volcanic rocks signify that nearly all are results of island arc volcanism.

6. Do these structures effect the people/communities that live near them? – Sophie Jun Lithosphere: The trench is an outcome of tectonic movement, which represents the progress of the Earth’s lithosphere. In particular, ocean trenches are a feature of a convergent plate boundary. Hence, there are two or more tectonic plates that congregate. Among numerous convergent plate boundaries, dense and thick lithosphere melts or flows underneath thin lithosphere. This process is called a subduction, and in this case, creating a trench. Atmosphere: The Mariana Trench holds the most extensive known points on Earth, vents bubbling up dissolved sulfur and carbon dioxide, active mud volcanoes, and aquatic life adapted to pressures 1,000 times that at sea level. A study had stated that the Mariana Trench produces higher levels of overall pollution in specific areas than some of the various contaminated waterways in China. The researcher speculated that the chemical pollutants could be due to the breakdown of plastic in the water. Biosphere: Since Guam is a U.S. region and the 15 Northern Mariana Islands are a U.S. Commonwealth, the United States maintains jurisdiction over the Mariana Trench. In 2009, President George W. Bush authorized the Mariana Trench Marine National Monument, which generated a preserved marine reserve concerning the seafloor and waters encompassing the remote islands. Thus, including most of the Mariana Trench, 21 underwater volcanoes, and areas around the three islands.

Several fish species became accustomed to their life in the dark ocean trenches. Some employ bioluminescence, signifying they provide their personal light to lure prey, obtain a mate, or repel a predator. For instance, the Anglerfish!

Food Webs Without photosynthesis, marine communities rely primarily on two unusual sources for nutrients. The first is “marine snow.” Marine snow is the continual fall of organic material from higher in the water column. Marine snow is mostly detritus, including excrement and the remains of dead organisms such as seaweed or fish. This nutrient-rich marine snow feeds such animals as sea cucumbers and vampire squid. Another source of nutrients for ocean-trench food webs comes not from photosynthesis, but from chemosynthesis. Chemosynthesis is the process in which producers in the ocean trench, such as bacteria, convert chemical compounds into organic nutrients. The chemical compounds used in chemosynthesis are methane or carbon dioxide ejected from hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, which spew these toxic, hot gases and fluids into the frigid ocean water. One common animal that relies on chemosynthetic bacteria for food is the giant tube worm.

Hydrosphere: A prominent issue is that the deep ocean serves as a prospective sink for discarded pollutants and litter. According to a study, human-made chemicals that were marked as prohibited in the 1970s yet lurk in the trench's lowest quarters....