Geography Unit 3 Glossary PDF

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geography unit 3 vce glossary...

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Geography Glossary UNIT 3 AREA OF STUDY 1- DEFORESTATION Word Geographic characteristics

PQE method SHEEPT method

BOLTSS SALTS Eastings Northings Latitude Longitude Change

Distance

Distribution movement Place

Process Region

Scale

Definition Features and influences identified in the environment and described using spatial concepts. E.g. topography, climate and land values/uses Way to describe the patterns and trends on a map. P- pattern, Q- quantification, E- exceptions Way of describing geographic factors. S- social, H- historic, E- environmental, E-economic, Ppolitical, T- technological Should be included on every map. B- border, Oorientation, L- legend, T- title, S- scale, S- source Should be included on every graph. S- source, A- axis labelled, L- legend, T- title, S- scale Used on topographic maps are vertical lines going in the direction of left to right Used on topographic maps are horizontal lines going in the direction of bottom to the top Horizontal lines going from the top of the globe down Vertical lines going from the top of the globe right Can occur at different rates and times over varying durations and shows how something has been adapted into something else Absolute: measured in units such as metres or kilometres Relative: length of time from one place to another The arrangement of phenomena on space or time The change or expansion in location of phenomena from original location to a new one Absolute location refers to a places specific point and the relative location refers to a places distance from one place to another An identifiable series of actions leading to change or preservation of phenomena A definable are of the Earth’s surface that contains one or more common characteristic that distinguish it from neighboring areas Relationship on a map between measurements and actual measurements on the ground

Spatial association Sustainability Land cover

Biome Cultivation Preservation Climate change Geophysical

Plant succession

Deforestation Forest

Primary forests Secondary forests

Plantations

Tropical forests Subtropical forests

Temperate forests Boreal forests Holocene Climatic Optimum

Last Glacial Maximum

Degree to which 2 or more phenomena are similarly arranged over space The capacity of the environment to continue to support and sustain life Natural state of the biophysical environment developed over time as a result of the interconnection between climate, landforms and human activity A large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna occupying a major habitat Growing crops on land Preserving the earth’s natural state and resources for prolonged use The change in the Earth’s climate, predominantly getting warmer as time goes on The ways the distribution of the Earth’s landmasses have changed by volcanic activity, earthquakes and landslides The successful growth of a plant species in a particular are due to the presence of other plants, light, space and water The long term reduction of tree canopy cover to below 10-30% of its original cover Natural land cover covering at least a hectare dominated by trees having a height of 5 meters and a 10% crown cover Forests that remain virtually in their naturally condition, with a full array of native species Forests that consist of native species but have been disturbed by human activities or their development (replantation) forests that are a monoculture of native and non-native trees planted for commercial production of a particular species Occur near the equator, rainy and dry seasons, humid climate, thick canopy Found close to the equator, high levels of rainfall, warm temperatures, experience tropical summers and also winters Warm and cold temperatures, 4 seasons Conifer/pine forests, winters cold and long, summers short and cool, snow Time period epoch occurred 8,000 years ago which has average increases of upto 4C near the north pole, with sea levels rising upto 3 metres due to a high amount of rainfall Time period which occurred 20,000 years ago when the earth was much colder and reached glacial maximum. The earth was 3-5C cooler than the present day and the sea level was 125 metres less than present day. When

Clear-felling Selection Group selection Shelter wood seed-tree retention Fragmentation Afforestation Monoculture Reforestation Net forest change

deglaciation occurred. The sea levels rose. All vegetation cleared and no conservation taken into account Selected trees are felled and understorey remains intact A section of the forest is completely cleared Only mature trees felled Most trees are removed but some are left tonto reduce environmental impacts Some clearing of pockets of forest occurs Act of trees planted by humans on land that was not previously forested The cultivation of a single crop on land Refers to post-logging activities through seeding or replanting The total change in an area of land with forest...