Geometric Optics Summary Sheet PDF

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Geometric Optics

Chapters Text Chapter 25 Sections 25.1-25.7 Book: Concept Summary: Name of Physical *Describe IYOW Quantity/Concept 1 The Ray Aspect of -Ray: straight line that Light represent the direction of a traveling light beam (perpendicular to wave front) -Geometric optics (ray approximation): ray aspect of light (beam of light) -Light can travel between sources: directly through vacant space, through various media, and after the occurrence of being reflected from a mirror 2 The Law of -1. Located on the Reflection same plane: incident ray, reflected ray, and normal to the surface -2. Reflections angle is equal to incidence angle -Once light has been reflected from a rough surface, it becomes diffused (diffuse refection-rays

Unit

Definition Formula

θ1=θ 1 '

3 The Law of Refraction

have variety of directions) -Reflection from a smooth surface such as a mirror at specific angles (specular reflection-rays are parallel) -Refraction: the event of alteration of the ray’s direction as travels through variations in matter

-Speed of light constant in vacuum: c= 3x 108 m /s -Index of refraction (speed in light: speed c in material): n= v -Speed of light in material = v -Speed of light in vacuum = c -Index of refraction = n -Snell’s law (law of refraction): n1 sin θ 1=n2 sin θ2

-speed of light in materials: v

4 Total Internal Reflection

-Critical angle: 90° angle of refraction that was resulted from the incident angle Total internal reflection: the occurrence of light moves from medium: high index to

¿ λf

5 Dispersion: The Rainbow and Prism

6 Image Formation by Lenses

medium: low index at a boundary of two mediums -Lights are prohibited from being transmitted between fibers in a bundle is called cladding -The index of refraction of a transparent medium depends on the wavelength of the light -Dispersion: (dependence of n on λ ) the white light spreads into its full spectrum of wavelengths -Rainbows are produced although there are issues present in certain optical systems -Thin lens are comprised with glass or plastic that create images by refraction in optical instruments -Converging lenses: converge light rays are crossed which is located at the focal point (+ focal lengths; thickest: middles) -Diverging lens:

-Power: the counter of the focal point: P=

1 f

-Thin lens: 1 1 1 + = do di f

-Magnification (m): hi −d i = ho d o

7 Image Formation by Mirrors

diverged light rays originate where the focal point is located at the focal point and causes light rays to bend away from the axis (- focal length; thickest: edges) -Focal length (f): the length between the Len’s center and its focal point (image distance & infinite object distance) -Ray diagrams: involved with ray tracing that depicts the path the light rays take -Real image: image that can be projected on screen, film, or retina due to where the light rays cross at a location -Image distance: length between the image and the Len’s center -Virtual image: the image and object are on the same side, therefore can’t be projected onto a screen -Simplest possible mirror

R - f=2

-Ray diagram: device to find the image of an object that resulted from mirrors or lens -Real image: light goes through the image point -Virtual image: light does not go through the image point -Imaged created by flat mirrors: image and object have equal distances from the mirror, virtual image (extensions of rays), and image positioned behind the mirror -Image length = half of the radius of curvature -Convex mirror: type of diverging mirror that forms virtual images 8 9 Problems Worked:

Problems and Exercises: 7-10, 12-14, 38-42, 57-59

**Context Summary:

I am able to calculate the index of refraction when the speed of light is provided along with determining the power in the lens with the provided focal length

* If you are describing a quantity also indicate if it is a vector or a scalar and indicate unit. Include the definition formula for each quantity and all formulas that might help in solving the problems on the exam. *IYOW means “In your Own Words” **What did you learn from solving the cited problems that you can use in working out new problems in the future?...