GNED 1201 - Panoptism - The professor is Alen Martel. He gives students activities about the 4 context PDF

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The professor is Alen Martel. He gives students activities about the 4 context relating to a video he will show in every class. The final exam is a little hard although it is GNED overall, there may be a lot of short answers that are worth a lot. ...

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In the 18th century, Jeremy Betham proposed an idealized architecture of power called the Panopticon. It is an annular (ring shaped) prison with cells on the perimeter containing convicts and an observation tower in the centre containing a guard or warden that can see every prisoner. Through series of mirrors and walls, a guard in the top of the central can see every prisoner without being seen. As such, while the prisoner can see the tower, they never know when or even if they are being watched. Because prisoner does not know if there is or is not a guard in the tower, it is possible to regulate the inmates' behaviours without even needing a guard in the tower just but virtue of the design of the Panopticon. Here, one's visibility becomes a trap. Power becomes visible but cannot be verified. It is a system in which the number of individuals that can be regulated increases while the number required to regulate those individuals decreases. In theory, the number of individuals required to regulate others could be zero while the number of individuals that can be regulated can be innumerable. This would be the ideal panoptic state. The Panoptic goes beyond Bentham's architectural design as it represents the ideal theoretical model for power. As with the docile bodies, power that functions through the body rather than on the body becomes not just more efficient but more scalable, too. And, in fact, here power is established through the very bodies that are being controlled. Michel Foucault Foucault, a 20th-century French philosopher, used the concept of the Panopticon as a metaphor to describe the modern disciplinary society. Foucault goes beyond the physical design of the Panopticon when describing power and instead uses it to describe it as an instrument of power and a schema of political technology. To Foucault, one need not inflict physical pain to realize desired behaviours in individuals but rather Observation. Where the Panopticon is the model for self-regulation of the individual to desired behaviours as a result of external surveillance (ie, a guard watching a prisoner), panoctism is the term defining self-regulation as a result of internal surveillance. In panopticism, the guard is not external to the prisoner - each individual becomes their own guard. Here, that surveillance, normalization, and examination process becomes internalized through our own bodies and minds. We as members of a society are always self-regulating out of fear that we are being observed, so we normalize, and then that normalization is examined both through the self and by others and thus the process repeats. In panopticism, the ideal is to "induce in the individual a state of conscious and permanent visibility that assures the automatic functioning of power". Think about how surveillance technology, such as CCTV cameras, assure the automatic functioning of behaviour through a state of conscious and permanent visibility. Here, Foucault uses history and philosophy to describe how power functions in our modern society - how power structures manage the mass of individuals. Our freedom and liberty is in the fact the very means by which the technologies of power control us.

1. On page 202, what does Foucault mean by “[a] real subjection is born mechanically from a fictitious relation” in regards to how the Panopticon operates? • In my opinion, what Foucault means is to have power above anyone else inside the Panopticon. This method represents the used of power and control over people. Moreover, it states that one is under the power of a false or imaginative connection in correspondence to operation of Panopticon. 2. Given that this was written in the 1970s, what panoptic structures exist today in 2020? Think about the institutions of which you are part. Provide three (3) examples with brief descriptions. • Internet => Social Media's main power is internet but without internet it does not operate. In contrast, the internet relates to the main source of power. As for social media it operates to observe others' work or activities (such as news feed). • School => Students are the subject while the principal and the faculty of staff act as the eyes or the disciplinary observant. • House => Children are mainly the subjects whereas the parents operates to discipline and watch over their kids. 3. Provide two (2) examples of situations where you find yourself internally self-regulating. • When I am bored or I have nothing to do, I tend to clean and do my chores for time to quickly pass by. Likewise, I also find this situation in my workplace. During the slowest time when it is not busy, I regularly create a clean environment to past time. • When I can not solve a problem, I get frustrated and angry at myself. Therefore, I try to calm my emotion to effectively think of a solution.

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