GOV Exam 1 Review PDF

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Summary

review for the first major exam, includes information from chapters 1-3...

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Exam 1 Review Declaration of Independence -

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listed the woes of colonists provided an account of the proper functions of the government Included conditions the government must follow - Gov derives power from consent of the governed - unalienable rights cannot be forfeited articulated America's first political philosophy

Democracy -

Direct Democracy: power comes directly from the governed Representative Democracy: officials are elected to rule on the behalf on the governed

Unitary Government -

governing system in which a single central government has total power - opposite of a federation, where governmental powers and responsibilities are divided

Articles of Confederation -

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Established account for central gov - Confederation defined as a league of sovereign states - EX. United Nation is a confederation Central gov was weak Unicameral legislature , each of the 13 states had one vote There was no executive or judicial branch

Separation Of Power -

Executive = enforce laws Legislative = make laws Judicial = interpret laws Power is divided between branches to prevent tyranny Closely related to checks and balances

Checks and Balances -

Each branch has some power over the others Executive Branch - power to veto legislation passed by Congress - power to nominate federal judges

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Legislative Branch (Congress) - can override veto issued by the President (2/3rd majority needed in both chambers of Congress) - power to limit the jurisdiction of federal courts - can decrease funding for federal courts. - can impeach federal judges. - can impeach the President. Judicial Branch (The Federal Courts) - Federal Courts can propose constitutional amendments. - Constitutional review: federal courts determine whether an executive order or law passed by congress is constitutional.

Bicameral Legislature -

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2 chamber lawmaking body - House of representatives ( representation based on population) - Senate ( equal state representation) Established by the constitution Connecticut compromise - Small states wanted equal representation, large states wanted more representation - Bicameral legislature was the half ground

Federation -

Gov where state and federal power is delegated by people There is no mediation between people and state gov People delegate to states, states to federal( check if this is tru)

Enumerated Powers -

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Powers given explicitly in the constitution Mentioned in the first 3 articles - Article I: Powers of Congress - Article II: Powers of the President - Article III Powers of the Federal Courts Belongs to the federal gov EX congress can coin and borrow money

Implied Powers -

Belong to federal gov but not explicitly stated in constitution Based on the necessary and proper clause - Congress can make any law deemed necessary and proper to carry out constitutional demands

Reserved Powers -

Based on the 10th amendment Powers granted to the state Any power not delegated to the federal gov

Federalist -

supported the ratification of constitution Wanted a centralized national government

Anti-federalist -

Opposed ratification of constitution and favored small localized Feared a central government would become too strong Added the Bill of Rights to protect the rights of the governed

Limited Government -

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hold gov shouldn’t have unlimited authority over citizens Gov has limitation over power - EX. bill of rights, - prohibition against - ex post facto laws root of habeas corpus Root of habeas corpus is an example of a limit og gov the power - EX. Detained individuals have to charged or released - Can be temporarily suspended like during wars

Bill of Rights -

Authored by James Maddison Wanted to limit the power of the central government - Supported by the anti federalists supported wanted this feared a central government too strong

National Supremacy Laws -

Constitution is the superior law of the land States the constitution and laws of the federal gov are superior to the states If the state and and federal government have a law concerning the same issue, the law of the federal government has superiority

Full Faith And Credit Clause -

States must grant full faith and credit to the actions and pronouncements of other states EX. acknowledging the driver's license of one state in another state

Privileges and Immunities Clause -

Requires states to refrain from discriminating against citizens from others states States have to give the same privileges and immunities to the citizens of other states that their citizen enjoy

Extradition Clause : requires states to return fugitives to the state they came from...