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SPORTY’S WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW

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®

SERIES

ACS STUDY GUIDE

Private Pilot Airman Certification Standards for Airplane Single-Engine Land Cross-Referenced to Sporty’s Interactive Video Course Sporty’s Academy, Inc. Clermont County/Sporty’s Airport Batavia, OH

45103

© 1995, 2017, by Sporty’s Academy, Inc. All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America ISBN 978-0-9830729-8-0

For additional copies, reorder #M116A

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1 (USA) 800.SPORTYS (776.7897)

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1 (USA) 513.735.9200 sportys.com

08/17

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Sporty’s

Complete

Flight Training Course

Table of Contents

Table of Contents Preface ............................................................................................................................................................ v Conventions Used in This Manual .............................................................................................................. vi FAA References Used in This Manual ........................................................................................................ vi

Section 1 - Private Pilot Airman Certification Standards for Airplane Single-Engine Land with Video Cross-Reference .................................................................................................... 1-1 I.

Preflight Preparation ....................................................................................................................... 1-1 A.

Pilot Qualifications _____________________________________________________________________ 1-1

B.

Airworthiness Requirements ______________________________________________________________ 1-1

C.

Weather Information ____________________________________________________________________ 1-2

D.

Cross-Country Flight Planning ____________________________________________________________ 1-3

E.

National Airspace System ________________________________________________________________ 1-4

F.

Performance and Limitations _____________________________________________________________ 1-4

G.

Operation of Systems ___________________________________________________________________ 1-5

H.

Human Factors ________________________________________________________________________ 1-6

I.

Water and Seaplane Characteristics, Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine Navigation (ASES, AMES) ________________________________________________________________________ 1-7

II.

Preflight Procedures ........................................................................................................................ 1-8

A.

Preflight Assessment ____________________________________________________________________ 1-8

B.

Flight Deck Management ________________________________________________________________ 1-8

C.

Engine Starting ________________________________________________________________________ 1-9

D.

Taxiing (ASEL, AMEL) _________________________________________________________________ 1-9

E.

Taxiing and Sailing (ASES, AMES) ______________________________________________________ 1-10

F.

Before Takeoff Check __________________________________________________________________ 1-11

III.

Airport And Seaplane Base Operations ....................................................................................... 1-12

A.

Communications and Light Signals _______________________________________________________ 1-12

B.

Traffic Patterns _______________________________________________________________________ 1-12

IV.

Takeoffs, Landings, and Go-Arounds .......................................................................................... 1-13

A.

Normal Takeoff and Climb ______________________________________________________________ 1-13

B.

Normal Approach and Landing __________________________________________________________ 1-14

C.

Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb (ASEL) _____________________________________________________ 1-15

D.

Soft-Field Approach and Landing (ASEL) __________________________________________________ 1-16

E.

Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb (ASEL, AMEL) __________________________ 1-17

F.

Short-Field Approach and Landing (ASEL, AMEL) __________________________________________ 1-18

G.

Confined Area Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb (ASES, AMES) _______________________ 1-19

H.

Confined Area Approach and Landing (ASES, AMES) _______________________________________ 1-20

I.

Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb (ASES, AMES) ____________________________________________ 1-21

J.

Glassy Water Approach and Landing (ASES, AMES) ________________________________________ 1-22

K.

Rough Water Takeoff and Climb (ASES, AMES) ____________________________________________ 1-23

L.

Rough Water Approach and Landing (ASES, AMES) _________________________________________ 1-24

M.

Forward Slip to a Landing (ASEL, ASES) __________________________________________________ 1-25

N.

Go-Around/Rejected Landing ____________________________________________________________ 1-26

V.

Performance and Ground Reference Maneuvers ....................................................................... 1-27

A.

Steep Turns __________________________________________________________________________ 1-27

B.

Ground Reference Maneuvers ___________________________________________________________ 1-28

VI.

Navigation ....................................................................................................................................... 1-29

A.

Pilotage and Dead Reckoning ____________________________________________________________ 1-29

B.

Navigation Systems and Radar Services____________________________________________________ 1-30

C.

Diversion ____________________________________________________________________________ 1-30

D.

Lost Procedures _______________________________________________________________________ 1-31

ACS Study Guide

Page i

Table of Contents

What You Should Know

VII.

Slow Flight And Stalls.................................................................................................................... 1-32

A.

Maneuvering During Slow Flight _________________________________________________________ 1-32

B.

Power-Off Stalls ______________________________________________________________________ 1-33

C.

Power-On Stalls ______________________________________________________________________ 1-34

D.

Spin Awareness _______________________________________________________________________ 1-35

VIII.

Basic Instrument Maneuvers ........................................................................................................ 1-36

A.

Straight-and-Level Flight _______________________________________________________________ 1-36

B.

Constant Airspeed Climbs ______________________________________________________________ 1-36

C.

Constant Airspeed Descents _____________________________________________________________ 1-37

D.

Turns to Headings _____________________________________________________________________ 1-37

E.

Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes ___________________________________________________ 1-38

F.

Radio Communications, Navigation Systems/Facilities, and Radar Services _______________________ 1-38

IX.

Emergency Operations .................................................................................................................. 1-39

A.

Emergency Descent ___________________________________________________________________ 1-39

B.

Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated) (ASEL, ASES) _________________________________ 1-40

C.

Systems and Equipment Malfunction ______________________________________________________ 1-41

D.

Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear __________________________________________________ 1-42

E.

Engine Failure During Takeoff Before V

F.

Engine Failure After Lift-Off (Simulated) (AMEL, AMES) ____________________________________ 1-43

G.

Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated) (AMEL, AMES) ___________________ 1-44

X. A.

MC

(Simulated) (AMEL, AMES) _________________________ 1-42

Multiengine Operations ................................................................................................................. 1-45 Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative (AMEL, AMES) ___________________________________ 1-45

B.

V

C.

Engine Failure During Flight (by Reference to Instruments) (AMEL, AMES) ______________________ 1-47

D.

Instrument Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated) (by Reference to Instruments)

MC

Demonstration (AMEL, AMES) ______________________________________________________ 1-46

(AMEL, AMES) ______________________________________________________________________ 1-48

XI.

Night Operations ............................................................................................................................ 1-49

A.

Night Preparation _____________________________________________________________________ 1-49

XII.

Postflight Procedures ..................................................................................................................... 1-50

A.

After Landing, Parking and Securing (ASEL, AMEL) ________________________________________ 1-50

B.

Seaplane Post-Landing Procedures (ASES, AMES) __________________________________________ 1-50

Supplemental ACS Information .............................................................................................................. 1-51 (ACS) Foreword___________________________________________________________________________ 1-51 Airman Certification Standards Concept ________________________________________________________ 1-51 Using the ACS ____________________________________________________________________________ 1-52

Appendix 1: The Knowledge Test Eligibility, Prerequisites, and Testing Centers ............................ 1-53 Knowledge Test Description _________________________________________________________________ 1-53 Knowledge Test Tables _____________________________________________________________________ 1-53 Knowledge Test Blueprint ___________________________________________________________________ 1-54 English Language Standard __________________________________________________________________ 1-54 Knowledge Test Requirements _______________________________________________________________ 1-54 Knowledge Test Centers ____________________________________________________________________ 1-55 Knowledge Test Registration _________________________________________________________________ 1-55

Appendix 2: Knowledge Test Procedures and Tips .............................................................................. 1-55 Acceptable Materials _______________________________________________________________________ 1-55 Test Tips_________________________________________________________________________________ 1-55 Cheating or Other Unauthorized Conduct _______________________________________________________ 1-56 Testing Procedures for Applicants Requesting Special Accommodations ______________________________ 1-56

Appendix 3: Airman Knowledge Test Report ....................................................................................... 1-56 FAA Knowledge Test Question Coding ________________________________________________________ 1-57

Page ii

Private Pilot

Sporty’s

Complete

Flight Training Course

Table of Contents

Appendix 4: The Practical Test – Eligibility and Prerequisites ........................................................... 1-57 Appendix 5: Practical Test Roles, Responsibilities, and Outcomes ..................................................... 1-57 Applicant Responsibilities ___________________________________________________________________ 1-57 Instructor Responsibilities ___________________________________________________________________ 1-58 Evaluator Responsibilities ___________________________________________________________________ 1-58 Possible Outcomes of the Test ________________________________________________________________ 1-59 Practical Test Checklist (Applicant) ___________________________________________________________ 1-60 Additional Rating Task Table ________________________________________________________________ 1-60 Removal of the “Airplane Multiengine VFR Only” Limitation ______________________________________ 1-63 Removal of the “Limited to Center Thrust” Limitation_____________________________________________ 1-63

Appendix 6: Safety of Flight .................................................................................................................... 1-63 General __________________________________________________________________________________ 1-63 Stall and Spin Awareness____________________________________________________________________ 1-63 Use of Checklists __________________________________________________________________________ 1-63 Use of Distractions _________________________________________________________________________ 1-64 Positive Exchange of Flight Controls __________________________________________________________ 1-64 Aeronautical Decision-Making, Risk Management, Crew Resource Management and Single-Pilot Resource Management _________________________________________________________________________ 1-64 Multiengine Considerations __________________________________________________________________ 1-64 Single-Engine Considerations ________________________________________________________________ 1-65 High Performance Aircraft Considerations ______________________________________________________ 1-65

Appendix 7: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations ........................... 1-65 Aircraft Requirements & Limitations __________________________________________________________ 1-65 Equipment Requirements & Limitations ________________________________________________________ 1-65 Operational Requirements, Limitations, & Task Information ________________________________________ 1-66

Appendix 8: Use of Flight Simulation Training Devices (FSTD) and Aviation Training Devices (ATD): Airplane Single-Engine, Multiengine Land and Sea ..................................................... 1-67 Use of Flight Simulator Training Devices _______________________________________________________ 1-67 Use of Aviation Training Devices _____________________________________________________________ 1-68 Credit for Time in an FSTD __________________________________________________________________ 1-68 Credit for Time in an ATD __________________________________________________________________ 1-68 Use of an FSTD on a Practical Test ____________________________________________________________ 1-69

Appendix 9: References............................................................................................................................ 1-70 Appendix 10: Abbreviations and Acronyms .......................................................................................... 1-71

Section 2 - Private Pilot Video Study Guide..................................................................................... 2-1 Volume 1 - Your First Few Hours ............................................................................................................. 2-1 Aerodynamics _____________________________________________________________________________ 2-1 Engines/Preflight ___________________________________________________________________________ 2-2 Federal Aviation Regulations _________________________________________________________________ 2-2

Volume 2 - Practicing Landings ................................................................................................................ 2-3 Engines/Preflight ___________________________________________________________________________ 2-3 Aerodynamics _____________________________________________________________________________ 2-3

Volume 3 - Your First Solo ........................................................................................................................ 2-4 Aerodynamics _____________________________________________________________________________ 2-4 Weather Theory ____________________________________________________________________________ 2-4 Weather Data ______________________________________________________________________________ 2-4 Aircraft Instruments _________________________________________________________________________ 2-6 Aeromedical _______________________________________________________________________________ 2-6 Federal Aviation Regulations _________________________________________________________________ 2-6 Collision Avoidance_________________________________________________________________________ 2-6

ACS Study Guide

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Table of Contents

What You Should Know

Volume 4 - Your Dual Cross-Countries ................................................................................................... 2-7 Airport Lighting & Marking __________________________________________________________________ 2-7 Collision Avoidance_________________________________________________________________________ 2-7 Publications _______________________________________________________________________________ 2-7 Navigation ________________________________________________________________________________ 2-7 VOR Navigation ___________________________________________________________________________ 2-8 Weather Data ______________________________________________________________________________ 2-9 Airspace __________________________________________________________________________________ 2-9

Volume 5 - Your Solo Cross-Countries .................................................................................................. 2-12 Aircraft Performance _______________________________________________________________________ 2-12 Weather Theory ___________________________________________________________________________ 2-12

Volume 6 - Your Private Pilot Test ...................................................