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GEC01 – THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZALGROUP 1PAGALING, MHARVEE ANNELLAGA, ADAMDATOR, PATRICKARENA, MARLONLET’S ELEVATE2. Divide the class into groups and have each group draw the family tree of Crisostomo Ibarra. Have each group present in class and discuss: What were the changes from one generation to...

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GEC01 – THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL GROUP 1 PAGALING, MHARVEE ANN ELLAGA, ADAM DATOR, PATRICK ARENA, MARLON LET’S ELEVATE 2. Divide the class into groups and have each group draw the family tree of Crisostomo Ibarra. Have each group present in class and discuss: What were the changes from one generation to the next? What do these changes suggest about the creoles in the Philippines?

Figure 1 -The Ibarra Clan family tree

The creoles have traditionally been regarded as a deviant version of standard languages, and there is a change in the blood of each family between Spanish and Filipino. It is often sometimes referred to as a mixed language, which clearly means that it is just potpourri with no uniform cohesive structure of its own. “Creole” nationalism was considered as the first form of Filipino nationalism. The term “Filipinos” in its earliest sense referred only to Spaniards who were born in the Philippines or insularles. During the colonial era, the Spaniards born in the Philippines, who were more known as insulares, criollos, or Creoles, were also called "Filipinos." Spanish-born Spaniards or mainland Spaniards residing in the

Philippines were referred to as Peninsulares. Those of mixed ancestry were referred to as Mestizos. The Creoles, despite being regarded by the Peninsulares as inferior to them, had enjoyed various government and church positions, and composed the majority of the government bureaucracy. The sense of national consciousness comes from the Creoles, who now see themselves as "Filipino". Since Spaniards came, the Filipino race has been tainted with their blood resulting with mixed races Filipinos such as the Tsabakanos in Zamboanga. As time passes, the mixed Filipino bloodline is hard to differ to those with pure Filipino bloodline. Spanish regime also established standards on beauty like how white skinned is beautiful while dark skinned is not. Most of them were blood relatives, as if they were of the same ethnicity of origination. No other race or ethnic group belongs to a family. But now there are families mixing race and blood together: Spaniards-Filipino. Nowadays, other races are combined with others that resulted with mixed ethnicities like how our culture is hardly influenced by Spanish Culture and how some of our words are inspired but theirs.

3. Write an essay with the aim of addressing the questions: a. What are the anti-modern aspects of colonial society portrayed in Noli Me Tangere? Anti modern aspects opposed modernism of colonial society. Factors observable in the novels are: How friars opposed Indios to have a proper education, which is portrayed by Padre Damaso. The school is a symbol of empowerment since, as Rizal stated, education is a way to avoid succumbing to the country’s domineering friarocracy. For instance, the church prevents Filipinos from learning Spanish in school, which prevents them from obtaining the most prestigious jobs in the colonial society. Crispin and Basilio are the ones who would have benefitted from a secular education. If only they had been offered the opportunity to education, they wouldn’t have become sextons and wrongfully accused by the church. Nowadays, quality education can be attained with government universities and is free to all. Another factor is how the church meddles with the governance in San Diego. It is evident that the authority of the church is higher than the government in 19th century Philippines. In Rizal’s novels, he portrayed that the friars also used the Catholic doctrines as a basis of a person, for example, Tasio; though he is highly educated, he is ridiculed by most of society because his values differ from the norm. Also, how they used exile, excommunication and death penalty as punishments this was seen when Don Rafael Ibarra was sentenced to death penalty. Currently, the country has instated a law that separates the church and the state that states that no law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion. Lastly, how 19th

century society views their women. Women were seen as the “weaker sex”. They were expected to be subservient to their husbands and fathers. Their occupational options were also extremely limited, and the middle-and upper-class women generally remained home to care for the children and the household. Maria Clara is supposedly created to be the perfect example of women in that era. In this era, this concept formed the Patriarchal society, a social system in which men hold primary power and predominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege and control of property and feminism, the advocacy of women’s rights based on the equality of the sexes.

b. Why can modernity be considered as the central problem of Rizal’s novel? Modernity is a concept of surpassing predecessors in terms of knowledge advances. Jose Rizal was considered a modern man in his lifetime. Rizal desires modernity to the point that in his first attempt of reformation in the Philippines, he wished the Philippines to be part of Spain - clearly; he wanted the Philippines to progress. Jose Rizal chose to exploit the Spaniard colonisation and their effects on Filipinos, to their sociological aspects and in the 19th century Philippine society in his novels. As Spaniards claimed, they supposedly brought modernity with them to the Philippines which is not relatively true. According to Rizal’s logic, the corrupt Spanish colonial bureaucracy relentlessly exploited the Filipinos, but blamed the underdevelopment of the people on their presumed indolence. Rizal’s aim was to show that this view was erroneous through recourse to both logic and historical fact, which brought Rizal to the work of Antonio de Morga’s work. The facts proved through the colonialist view of Filipinos that pre-colonial Filipino society was relatively advanced, suggesting that the presumed backwardness was because of colonialism. And, of course, despite the claims of the heavy-handed colonial government and the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church, colonial policy was oppressive. Rizal referred to the “boasted ministers of God [the friars] and propagators of light (!) [who] have not sowed nor do they sow Christian morals, they have not taught religion, but rituals and superstitions.” (Rizal, 1963b: 38) The sentiment is not without merit even today. Modernity is never the problem in the Spanish colonial period. It was their claim that the Philippines would never have advanced and progressed without them. To consider modernity as the central problem of the novel, it would seem that Rizal opposed the idea of the Philippines progressing and would only be seen as a cynical man who disproved modernity. Rizal ought to establish that the Philippines do not need their, the Spaniards,

“modernity” owing to the fact that even before they came, the Philippines was already prospering with innovation. Rizal instead portrayed the oppressive conditions of Spanish colonial rule since their stay was the major root of all the problems at that period. Rizal hoped to educate Filipinos with these aspects of Spanish Regime, he wanted them to progress through education and to open their eyes to the true villain in the country since the Filipinos are also half of the problem. He held onto the idea of education as a way of overcoming oppression. The friars, on the other hand, were always clashing to the thought of the Filipinos gaining knowledge. They covertly derail Jose Rizal’s efforts to spread secular knowledge to the Philippine population, using their influence on church and stating that the novels are subversive, heretical, and against the catholic doctrine. It was also shown in the Noli Me tangere when Ibarra, a respected figure, advocated the importance of education and intellect by building a school, but San Diego’s friars are fearful of education’s power to liberate natives from the church’s control. The church curtails the effectiveness of education even through punishments. Overall, In Rizal’s logic, Modernity can never be a problem if it’s in the right context. Awakening the Filipinos mind through education can lead to a positive change in the Philippines, and with this view the country can reform the corrupt system rather than completely destroy it.

References: 

Bauer, P. (2017). The Social Cancer. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 26 November 2020, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Social-Cancer.

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Lannamann, T. (2017). "Noli Me Tangere Themes: Colonialism, Religion, and Power.". LitCharts. Retrieved 26 November 2020, from https://www.litcharts.com/lit/noli-me-tangere/themes/colonialism-religion-and-power.

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Lannamann, T. (2017). "Noli Me Tangere Themes: Education.". LitCharts. Retrieved 26 November 2020, from https://www.litcharts.com/lit/noli-metangere/themes/education.

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Lannamann, T. (2017). "Noli Me Tangere Themes: Revolution and Reform.". LitCharts. Retrieved 26 November 2020, from https://www.litcharts.com/lit/noli-metangere/themes/revolution-and-reform.Anderson, B. (2003). Forms of Consciousness in Noli me tangere. Philippine Studies, 51(4), 505-529. Retrieved November 26, 2020, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/42633670

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STAPLES, R. (1976). RACE AND COLONIALISM: The Domestic Case in Theory and Practice. The Black Scholar, 7(9), 37-48. Retrieved November 26, 2020, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41066048...