Guía completa para hacer examen de Ingles IV PDF

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Esta es una guía en la que te puedes apoyar por si en algún momento la llegas a necesitarla, la guía abarca los temas vistos en Ingles IV....

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INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL SECRETARIA ACADÉMICA DIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACION MEDIA SUPERIOR CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS CIENTÍFICOS Y TECNOLÓGICOS No. 13 “RICARDO FLORES MAGÓN”

G U Í A de estudio para presentar EXTRAORDINARIO de la UNIDAD DE APRENDIZAJE INGLÉS IV Semestre 2 2021-2 021-2

TURNO MATUTINO Y VESPERTINO

Integrantes de la academia:

Cerezo Vieytez Berenice/ Falcón Tavera José L. Fuentes Galván Silvino/ Guzmán Servin Claudia L. Villanueva Díaz Fabiola /Dávila García Sonia C./Camacho Tzec Josefina/Baca Stransky Jazmin M/Salazar

Fecha de Elaborac __16 /06/2021__

INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL SECRETARIA ACADÉMICA DIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACION MEDIA SUPERIOR CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS CIENTÍFICOS Y TECNOLÓGICOS No. 13 “RICARDO FLORES MAGÓN”

Segura Isela/Rojas Sánchez L. Francisco/Frutos Ruíz Iván

FORMATO DE LA GUÍA DE ESTUDIO Área:

Nombre de la Unidad de Aprendizaje:

Inglés IV Inglés IV

Nivel/semestre:

Cuarto

Instrucciones generales de la guía: Esta guia no tiene valor alguno sobre el examen. La fecha del examenExtraordinario y ETS se dará a conocer a través de la página oficial del CECyT.

Presentación: La Unidad de Aprendizaje Inglés IV tiene como finalidad el dominio de las 4 habilidades del idioma, las cuales te servirán para poder interactuar en diversos ámbitos de la vida personal, escolar y laboral.

Objetivos Resuelve sus necesidades comunicativas básicas en contextos simulados y reales, utilizando expresiones y frases indispensables en inglés, en forma oral y escrita.

Justificación El idioma inglés, considerado como lengua universal, es utilizado en la mayoría de las áreas del conocimiento, científico y tecnologico. Por lo tanto, es una herramienta lingüística y comunicativa a nivel mundial indispensable. Esta guía retoma los contenidos vistos a lo largo del semestre, reafirmandolos para así tener una visión general de todos los temas que se abordarán en éste.

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INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL SECRETARIA ACADÉMICA DIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACION MEDIA SUPERIOR CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS CIENTÍFICOS Y TECNOLÓGICOS No. 13 “RICARDO FLORES MAGÓN”

Estructura y contenidos Past Simple vs Past Continuous When-While Health Disaster tips Zero Conditional / Imperative Conditional Modal verb must / semi-modal verb have to / semi- modal verb ought to Don´t have to / needn´t / allowed to Comparative, superlatives Some, any, enough Present Perfect Present Perfect vs Past Simple Present Simple Passive Past Simple Passive Crime Semi-modal verb had to / didn´t have to

Evaluación No tiene valor.

Materiales para la elaboración de la guía Programa de Estudios de la Unidad de Aprendizaje III de 2008. Libros de texto CD ROM Páginas web

Actividades de estudio Libro de texto Helbing interactive book

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INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL SECRETARIA ACADÉMICA DIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACION MEDIA SUPERIOR CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS CIENTÍFICOS Y TECNOLÓGICOS No. 13 “RICARDO FLORES MAGÓN”

Información Adicional Se recomienda elaborar un mapa conceptual o cuadro sinóptico con ejemplos de cada estructura de la sección.

Bibliografía Básica Sure Pre-Intemediate by Martyn Hobbs, Julia Starr Keddle

PAST SIMPLE VS PAST CONTINUOUS. The past continuous and the past simple help us to show how two past actions or situations are connected. The past simple shows us that an action was in the past, not in the present. Regular past simple verbs have -ed at the end (e.g. called, played, arrived). Irregular verbs have a different form, usually with a different vowel sound (e.g. wake → woke, break → broke, feel → felt).

The past continuous shows us that the action was already in progress at a certain time in the past. What were you doing at 8 p.m. last night? I was studying. This means that I started studying before 8 p.m. and I continued after 8 p.m. The past continuous can also show that an activity was in progress for some time, not just for a moment. We were cleaning the house all morning.

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INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL SECRETARIA ACADÉMICA DIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACION MEDIA SUPERIOR CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS CIENTÍFICOS Y TECNOLÓGICOS No. 13 “RICARDO FLORES MAGÓN”

Structure: My parents called me yesterday. I woke up early this morning. We make the negative with didn't and the infinitive verb. My parents didn't call me yesterday. I didn't wake up early this morning. We make the question form with did and then the subject and infinitive verb. Did you wake up early this morning? Did Sam play basketball when he was at university? We make the past continuous with was or were and the -ing form of the verb. She couldn't come to the party. She was working. Three years ago, we were living in my hometown.

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INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL SECRETARIA ACADÉMICA DIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACION MEDIA SUPERIOR CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS CIENTÍFICOS Y TECNOLÓGICOS No. 13 “RICARDO FLORES MAGÓN”

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INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL SECRETARIA ACADÉMICA DIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACION MEDIA SUPERIOR CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS CIENTÍFICOS Y TECNOLÓGICOS No. 13 “RICARDO FLORES MAGÓN”

EXERCISE Put the verbs into the correct form. Use Past Simple or Past Continuos. 1. She______ (read) a book, when the phone____ (ring) 2. My son _____ (find) a coin when he_____(walk) 3. I _______ (sing) when _______ I_______ (see) you. 6

INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL SECRETARIA ACADÉMICA DIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACION MEDIA SUPERIOR CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS CIENTÍFICOS Y TECNOLÓGICOS No. 13 “RICARDO FLORES MAGÓN”

4. She_____(do) her hair, when the postman ______ (come) 5. Jack_______(not walk ) when he _____(see) the crash. 6. She_____(talk) on the phone, while she_____(drink) a coffee. 7. I_______(watch) the movie, while I ______(eat) a delicious pizza. 8. While she______(sleep), she ______(listen) to Jazz.

ZERO CONDITIONAL / IMPERATIVE CONDITIONAL. You use the zero conditional to talk about present habits, general truths, and scientific facts. You use the first conditional to talk about things that are possible or may happen in the future. First conditional sentences with the imperative: If you call your mother tonight, tell her I said “hello”! The zero (0) conditional is the factual conditional. It is used to talk about habits, scientific facts, general truths, instructions and rules, if something else happens first. Zero Conditional structure Take a look at this condition: If I get lost, This is not a complete sentence. There is some information missing. What happens if you get lost? What do you do? We need another clause to explain what happens. Take a look at this result: I ask for directions. This is a complete sentence, but there is also some information missing. When do you ask for directions? Under what conditions do you ask for directions? If I get lost, I ask for directions. This is the easiest conditional sentence remember, because you use the present simple tense in both clauses of the sentence:

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INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL SECRETARIA ACADÉMICA DIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACION MEDIA SUPERIOR CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS CIENTÍFICOS Y TECNOLÓGICOS No. 13 “RICARDO FLORES MAGÓN”

If + present simple, present simple If this event happens or if this condition exists, this is what happens. You can use the imperative in the result-clause to give instructions, advice, or explain rules. If you want to lose weight, eat less and exercise more. If you drink, don’t drive. Please don’t disturb me if I am asleep! Eat something if you’re hungry.

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INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL SECRETARIA ACADÉMICA DIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACION MEDIA SUPERIOR CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS CIENTÍFICOS Y TECNOLÓGICOS No. 13 “RICARDO FLORES MAGÓN”

EXERCISE Put the verbs into the correct form. 1. If you ______(not wáter) the plants, they_____(die) 2. ______(take) a ball if you_____(want) to play. 3. When I_____(get) sick,I_____(go) to the doctor. 4. If you_____(drink), ______(not drive) 5. ______(mind) if I ______(smoke) here? 6. When it_____(be) sunny, I____(go) surfing.

VOCABULARY Disasters Write the words to complete the sentences.

1. There was a loud e in the middle of the city. 2. If you see a h

f

, call

the emergency services. 3. I hate it when I'm t

in a c .

4. We took some amazing photos of the v e . 5. 'Why is everything moving?' 'It's an e .'

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INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL SECRETARIA ACADÉMICA DIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACION MEDIA SUPERIOR CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS CIENTÍFICOS Y TECNOLÓGICOS No. 13 “RICARDO FLORES MAGÓN”

6. They didn't rescue anyone from the a

c

.

Drag the advice to the correct illness. I've got a sore throat.

Put on a plaster.

I've got hay fever.

Why don´t you take antihistamines?

I've got a cut.

Why don´t you take a painkiller?

I've got a sprained ankle.

Put on a bandage.

I've got a headache.

Why don´t you take some cought medicine?

I've got a cough.

Suck a throat lozenge.

MUST, HAVE TO, NEEDN´T The modals must, must not and need not have the same form regardless the subject. There is no ending with he/she/it. ► If you want to say the sth. is unnecessary, use need not, not must not. (The negation of must means not allowed to.) I must play football. = I have to play football. * I need not play football. = I do not need to play football. = I do not have to play football. I must not play football. = I am not allowed to play football. You can use must only with Simple Present. If you want to use it with other tenses, you need the form have to. This form is not the same regardless the subject. Look at the following table. 10

INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL SECRETARIA ACADÉMICA DIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACION MEDIA SUPERIOR CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS CIENTÍFICOS Y TECNOLÓGICOS No. 13 “RICARDO FLORES MAGÓN”

Modal

Substitutes

I must play football. *

I have to play football. *

I do not need to play football. I need not play football. I do not have to play football.

I must not play football.

I am not allowed to play football.

The modal must can be used in the Simple Present only, so use the substitute have to with other tenses. The form have to has the same form regardless the subject.

Pronouns

Modal

Substitutes in the Simple Present

I, we, you, they

I must play football. *

I have to play football. *

he, she, it

He must play football. *

He has to play football. *

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INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL SECRETARIA ACADÉMICA DIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACION MEDIA SUPERIOR CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS CIENTÍFICOS Y TECNOLÓGICOS No. 13 “RICARDO FLORES MAGÓN”

EXERCISE Fill in the blanks with must, mustn't, have / has (not) , needn't. 1.You_______bring your tracksuits for your PE (Physical Education) clases 2. The monitors_______to be cleaned before leaving every night. That's number 1 rule. 3. Those who finish their exam ---- start making noise. 4. The workbooks______be brought to the class unless I tell you to bring them. 5. Students______ to pay for the transportation as the university has its own bus system. 6. If a student breaks a school rule, she______to stay at school after hours to meet with the principle. 7. Students______come to class late. 8. You_______hand in your assignment before the deadline. 9. This is a private school, so the students______to wear their uniforms at all times. 10. Students_______stay at school during lunch break, they can go out.

SHOULD / OUGHT TO When we’re giving advice in English, we use the verb should. Less strong and direct than must and have to (discussed in a recent blog post), should is used for suggestions, not for obligations. While many of our students are already very comfortable using should, few are aware of two other verbs which can also be used for suggestions: ought to and had better. These two verbs are less common in English, but using them proficiently shows that a speaker is capable of higher level language use. Affirmative should, had better and ought to are followed by the infinitive of another verb.: No new actor should expect more. You ought to have a day off yourself. We had better tell him nothing. Negative You had better not believe it! You shouldn’t be on your own. I oughtn’t to be bothering you with all this at such a time. This ought not to be the case 12

INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL SECRETARIA ACADÉMICA DIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACION MEDIA SUPERIOR CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS CIENTÍFICOS Y TECNOLÓGICOS No. 13 “RICARDO FLORES MAGÓN”

Ought to is much closer in meaning to should and can be used interchangeably if the action referred to is desired by the speaker. Consider the following examples: ‘Maybe you ought to wait outside, here.’ You ought to have a day off yourself. There was no one there. She ought to have guessed.

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INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL SECRETARIA ACADÉMICA DIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACION MEDIA SUPERIOR CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS CIENTÍFICOS Y TECNOLÓGICOS No. 13 “RICARDO FLORES MAGÓN”

EXERCISE Complete with the correct modal. 1. We_________ turn off the TV and go to bed early. 2. I________improve my English before going to London. 3. He_________smoke any more. 4. _________ to go see the doctor? 5. My baby doesn't sleep well. What ________ I do? 6. It's raining, I_________ an umbrella.

VOCABULARY Find nine words for landscape in the grid. L

T

W

V

C

O

A

S

T

A

V

O

L

C

A

N

O

I

K

A

O

P

L

R

N

A

M

E

L

D

O

L

G

T

M

S

J

L

Y

R

H

I

L

L

N

B

E

A

C

H

K

M

P

T

S

Y

I

K

T

S

B

E

N

T

F

A

R

M

L

A

N

D

O

B

R

I

V

E

R

P

O

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INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL SECRETARIA ACADÉMICA DIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACION MEDIA SUPERIOR CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS CIENTÍFICOS Y TECNOLÓGICOS No. 13 “RICARDO FLORES MAGÓN”

Write the verbs to match the nouns. Noun

Verb

decision appeal

preference

interference

choice

education

visit existence

information

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INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL SECRETARIA ACADÉMICA DIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACION MEDIA SUPERIOR CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS CIENTÍFICOS Y TECNOLÓGICOS No. 13 “RICARDO FLORES MAGÓN”

COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

Comparative adjectives We use comparative adjectives to show change or make comparisons: This car is certainly better, but it's much more expensive. I'm feeling happier now. We need a bigger garden. We use than when we want to compare one thing with another: She is two years older than me. New York is much bigger than Boston. He is a better player than Ronaldo. France is a bigger country than Britain. When we want to describe how something or someone changes we can use two comparatives with and: The balloon got bigger and bigger. Everything is getting more and more expensive. Grandfather is looking older and older. We often use the with comparative adjectives to show that one thing depends on another: The faster you drive, the more dangerous it is. (= When you drive faster, it is more dangerous.) The higher they climbed, the colder it got. (= When they climbed higher, it got colder.)

Superlative adjectives We use the with superlative adjectives: It was the happiest day of my life. Everest is the highest mountain in the world. That’s the best film I have seen this year. I have three sisters: Jan is the oldest and Angela is the youngest.

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INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL SECRETARIA ACADÉMICA DIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACION MEDIA SUPERIOR CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS CIENTÍFICOS Y TECNOLÓGICOS No. 13 “RICARDO FLORES MAGÓN”

How to form comparative and superlative adjectives We usually add –er and –est to one-syllable words to make comparatives and superlatives:

old

older

oldest

long

longer

longest

If an adjective ends in –e, we add –r or –st:

nice

nicer

nicest

large

larger

largest

If an adjective ends in a vowel and a consonant, we double the consonant:

big

bigger

biggest

fat

fatter

fattest

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INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL SECRETARIA ACADÉMICA DIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACION MEDIA SUPERIOR CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS CIENTÍFICOS Y TECNOLÓGICOS No. 13 “RICARDO FLORES MAGÓN”

If an adjective ends in a consonant and –y, we change –y to –i and add –er or –est:

happy

happier

happiest

silly

sillier

silliest

EXERCISE Complete the with comparative or superlative.

1. Sarah is_____(fast) Jennifer. 2. He is_______(slow) Charlie. 3. We are______(good) students in the class. 4. She is_______(slow) runner of all 5. He is______(ugly) you. 6. Anna is________(beautiful) Elizabeth. 7. They are just simply_______(nice) people I´ve ever known.

Some and Any The general rule is that any is used for questions and negatives while some is used for positive. Both may be used with countable and uncountable nouns. Do we need any rice?

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INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL SECRETARIA ACADÉMICA DIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACION MEDIA SUPERIOR CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS CIENTÍFICOS Y TECNOLÓGICOS No. 13 “RICARDO FLORES MAGÓN”

No, we don’t need any rice. We have some rice in the cupboard. Some may also be used for questions, typically offers and requests, if we think the answer will be positive. Would you like some wine? May I have some more chocolate? Enough is a determiner, a pronoun or an adverb. We use enough to mean ‘as much as we need or want’.

EXERCISE Complete with some,any or enough. 1. We have______bread. 2. Are there______ apples for the cake, or we have to buy more? 3. He has______books. 4. There are_____ flowers here. 5. Do you have_____money? I have to buy some books. 6. Did you see_____ birds? 7. The wáter is warm______ 8. The box isn´t big______ We have to get another one. 9. Please give me_____water. 10. We don´t have_____sugar.

VOCABULARY Match the British words. Car

subway

trolley

automobile

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INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL SECRETARIA ACADÉMICA DIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACION MEDIA SUPERIOR CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS CIENTÍFICOS Y TECNOLÓGICOS No. 13 “RICARDO FLORES MAGÓN”

sofa

cart

Campsite

streetcar

underground

couch

tram

campgrand

Choose the correct option....