Handout 7. Advantages and Disadvantages of underground mining 2018 PDF

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Underground Mining...

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HANDOUT 7:Advant agesandDi sadvant agesof

under gr oundmi ni ng 1.ADVANTAGES A) Unde r gr oundmi ni ng( asc ompar edt oopenpi texpl oi t at i on)al l ows ami neoper at i ont obel ar ge l yhi dden;havi ngonl yAdi t sorheadf r ames pr ot r udi ngabov et hesur f ace .Thi senabl est hel andabov et hez oneof mi ni ngt ober ec l ai medf orot herus es ,af t ermi ni nghasce as ed.Thi si s somuc heasi ert hani nt hecaseofanopenpi t .

B) Under gr oundmi ni ngcanbemi nedasdeepast hedev el opment per mi t sexcav at i ont ot akepl ace . 

I ft her ei sashaf twi t hheadgear ,t henmi ni ngcant akepl ace unt i lt hatdept hoft heshaf t .



I fi ti saccessedbyhor i z ont alAdi t s,i tcanmi neunt i lt he l owes tAdi tf r om upwar ds.



I fi ti saccessedbydecl i ne,t hedev el opmentandmi ni ngcan c ont i nuesol ongaseconomi cexpl oi t at i oni spos si bl e .Unl i ke openpi t ,i ti sNOTdependentons t r i ppi ngr at i os ,whi c h meanst hatdeepmi ni ngofnar r ow geol ogi cals t r uc t ur es bec omespr act i calONLYbyuseofunder gr oundmi ni ng.

C) Ther ei soppor t uni t yt ouseol dmi nedoutst opesasar epos i t or y f orwas t er oc kbl as t ed,i nor dert oaccessf ur t hernew s t opes.Sucha pr oc essi sknownasbac kfil l i ngol dwor ki ngs;he l pst os t abi l i z et he gr ound,r educest hecos tofhaul age;andhe l psav oi dr oc kf al l s/r oc k bur s t s .

D)

Pr oducesver yl i t t l ewas t eandmi l lt ai l i ngs,l e ssdamagi ngt o

envi r onment ,ver yl i t t l evi suali mpac t ,easi erper mi t t i ng,easi ergr ade c ont r ol ,smal l ermi l lcapaci t yr equi r ed,mor epr ofitpert onofor e mi ned

2.DI SADVANTAGES

A)

Pi l l ar s'needt obel e f ti npl acet osaf eguar dt hesaf e t yand

s t r uc t ur eofhaul agesanddr i v es.Thesepi l l ar sof t encont ai nval uabl eor e t hathast obel ef ti nsi t u.I nanopenpi t ,I TI SPOSSI BLE TO EXTRACT VERTUALLYEVERYTHI NG.Mi ni ngi nanunder gr oundenvi r onmenti s of t eni neffici entwi t heconomi cal l yval uabl emat er i ali nevi t abl y , oc casi onal l y ,bei ngl e f ti nt hest oper oof/floororsi dewal l s( dependi ngon t hegeome t r yoft heor ebody) .

B)

Under gr oundmi ni ngi snotsui t edt ot heexpl oi t at i onofal ow

gr ade,wi de ,or ebodyc omposedofdi ssemi nat edmi ner al i z at i onwher e VOLUMEofpr oduc t i onr at hert hant hef oc usonav oi di ngdi l ut i onwi t hi n anar r ow v ei nsyst em i st hemos ti mpor t antf act or .

C)

Fat al i t i esdooc curi nopenpi t s,butt her ear emor epos si bi l i t i esf or

f at alacci dent st ooc curi nunder gr oundmi nes,event houghmi ni ngt hese day si squi t easaf ei ndus t r ywi t hs t r i ngents af e t ypr ocedur esi npl ace .

D)

Under gr oundmi ni ngi susedf orr el at i ve l yhi ghgr ade,smal l

or e bodi es ,andopenpi tmi ni ngi susedf orr el at i v e l yl ar ge,l ow gr ade or e bodi es. .

E)

Under gr oundmi ni ngcos ti shi ghpert onofor e,r equi r es

v ent i l at i on,andmor ehaz ar doust owor ker s.Whenami nei spl anned, geol ogi s t sandmi ni ngengi neer shav et ocar e f ul l yc onsi dert he c har ac t er i s t i csoft heor ebodyandenvi r onmentt odeci dewhi cht ypeof mi ni ngi sbe t t er .Somemi nesuseac ombi nat i onofbot hopenpi tand under gr ound.

Thepur pos eofmi ni ngi snott ocr eat ej obs,butt opr oducemet al sand mi ner al sf ort oday' ssoc i e t y .Thedi sadv ant agesar egr eat .Youar emaki ngabi g hol ei nt heear t h.Youar el eavi ngde br i sar ound,pol l ut i ngs t r eams,pol l ut i ng ai randnear byl andwi t hmi nedr e f uge.

EXAMPLES1& 2...