HEAL13672- WEEK 2 LAB - Lecture notes 2 PDF

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HEAL13672: Lab 1 for Nurses
WEEK 2...

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HEAL13672 Lab 1 Unit 2 Topic: Infection control, clean gloving, medical asepsis Reference: Potter and Perry, Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing (5th edition) Sorrentino, Mosby’s Canadian Textbook for the Support Worker Answer the following questions before lab. 1.

What is asepsis? (Pg.697) Asepsis is the process for keeping away disease- producing microorganisms. There are two types of asepsis- medical and surgical. It is practices that reduce the number, growth and transfer of spread of pathogenic microorganisms.

2.

What are routine practices/standard precautions? List the fundamentals of routine practices. Routine practices/ standard precautions are universal precautions or infection control procedures. It refers to practices that help prevent the spread of infections between service care provides and their clients/ patients in healthcare settings. They are based on the premise that all blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, mucous membranes, non- intact skin or soiled items are potentially infectious. Standard precautions include: hand hygiene, use of PPE (gloves, gowns, masks), safe injection practices, safe handling of potentially contaminated equipment or surfaces in the patient environment and respiratory hygiene/ cough etiquette, good communication between departments/units.

3.

Why is hand washing important? (Pg.700) Hand hygiene is the most important technique to use in preventing and controlling the transmission of infection. Contaminated hands are a prime cause of cross- infection.

4.

Indicate specific times during the day when a care provider should wash his/her hands. (Pg.700) A care provider should wash his/ her hands..  Before direct contact with each patient  After direct contact with each patient  Before donning sterile gloves ‘after removing gloves  After contact with bodily fluids or excretions, mucous membranes, nonintact skin, or wound dressings, as long as hands are not visibly soiled  When moving from a contaminated body site to a clean body site during patient care  After contact with inanimate objects (including medical equipment) in the immediate vicinity of the patient The four moments for hand hygiene (using ABHR) are before initial patient/ patient environment contact, before aseptic procedure, after body fluid exposure risk, after patient/patient environment contact.

5.

When should a care provider wear gloves? (Pg.700) A care provider should wear gloves when they will be coming into contact with blood, bodily fluids, mucous membranes, non- intact skin or potentially infectious materials will occur.

6.

What is medical asepsis? (Pg.697)  Medical asepsis aka “clean technique” includes procedures used to reduce and prevent the spread of microorganisms. o An example done on a daily basis at home is washing hands before preparing food. Another example is hand hygiene- using clean gloves to prevent direct contact with blood or bodily fluids, and cleaning the environment routinely.  An area or object is considered contaminated if it contains or is suspected of containing microorganisms. o Ex: a used bedpan, the floor, and used dressings are contaminated.

7.

What is the best method for preventing the transfer of micro-organisms from one person to another? (Pg.684) The best method for preventing the transfer of microorganisms from one person to another is to wash your hands using soap and water or using an alcohol – based hand sanitizer.

8.

What is the chain of infection? List examples of reservoirs. The chain of infection is a sequence/ cycle of the development of an infection and depends on the following 6 elements. An infectious agent (pathogen): bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa A reservoir (source of pathogen growth): A reservoir is a place where a pathogen can survive but may or may not multiply. Examples include the human body A portal of exit from the reservoir A mode of transmission A portal of entry to a host A susceptible host

9.

What is a pathogen? (Pg.684) A pathogen/ infectious agent is a biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host. It is a bacterium, virus or other microorganism. A human pathogen is capable of causing illness in humans. An example of pathogenic organisms of bacteria include salmonella, listeria, e.coli.

10. What is a germicide? Give an example of one. Germicide is a substance or other agent that destroys harmful microorganisms; an antiseptic. A few examples of germicides are hand soap, alcohol, and chlorine- based substances. 11. What is client centred care?  Client- centred care is about treating clients the way they want to be treated, with knowledge about and respect for their values and personal priorities. A client centred approach allows clients greater responsibility over treatment decisions and recovery planning.  Client centred care empowers clients, promoting autonomy, rights, voice and self- determination in the treatment and recovery process. It reflects the values and self- identified main concerns of each client and improves the persons engagement and participation. It considers the clients social, physical, culture, spiritual, environmental and psychological needs. Supports care plans developed in collaboration with clients, and allows clients to express there self- identified needs and choices. 12. What is the role of the PN/PSW related to Infection Control? There are standards that apply to all nurses regardless of what their role, or job description/ area of practice is. They need to ensure the use of safe, effective and ethical infection prevention and control measures, as it is an important component of nursing care. Each PN/PSW is accountable and responsible for their practice. 13. List the items that would be considered PPE.  PPE stands for personal protective equipment. It is specialized equipment or clothing that is worn to minimize exposure to a variety of different hazards. It is used to protect you and patients from direct contact with diseases, infections and to prevent spreading illness from patient to patient.  A few examples include surgical masks- used to cover your nose and mouth to prevent germs from entering.  Respirator- fits tightly and creates a seal around your nose and mouth in order to prevent small droplets from entering the body.  Gowns, gloves, shoe coverings – prevent contact with germs  It is important to know what type of PPE to wear in different situations as it is essential for nurses and others working within the healthcare field. 14. How is asepsis different then sterile technique? Asepsis refers to clean, which is the absence/removal of pathogens of disease producing microorganisms, while sterile means the absence of ALL microorganisms. 15. What is an HAI? (Pg.689) HAI stands for health- care- associated infection. It is an infection acquired from the hospital by a patient who was admitted for other reasons....