HESI Case Study Pain PDF

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HESI Case Study: Pain NUR100

Introduction: During the RN's initial interview, Natalie shares information about her home, career, and family. The RN evaluates the information to determine psychosocial factors that may impact management. 1) Which information obtained by the RN is most likely to influence Wrenda's perception of her pain? Answer: Natalie's younger child is an infant who feeds every 3 hours. 2) To assess the quality of Natalie's pain, the RN asks which question? Answer: "What word best describes the pain you are experiencing?" 3) Which behavior that Wrenda exhibits supports her subjective report of acute pain? Answer: Frequent guarding. 4) To determine the etiology of Natalie's anxiety, what is the priority nursing intervention? Answer: Continue the interview with the client.

5) What is the best goal for the RN to include in the plan of care related to the problem statement of "Acute pain related to strain on muscles with movement?" Answer: Client reports pain of 1 on a - scale. 6) Before implementing any interventions, what action is most important for the RN to take? Answer: Discuss the plan of care with the client. 7) The RN consults with the clinic director, a pain management physician, who recommends the use of NSAIDS and alternating heat and cold applications, as well as back exercises. The RN provides client teaching about these treatments. Natalie tells the RN that she will take the acetaminophen that she already has at home. Answer: Acetaminophen does not have an antiinflammatory effect. Motrin (Ibuprofen) is an NSAID and has antiinflammatory effects. 8) Natalie decides to purchase buffered aspirin and asks if this medication is also safe to give her 4-year-old son since he occasionally experiences viral infections and

becomes feverish. Answer: All aspirin products should be avoided in children unless specifically prescribed.

9) Natalie tells the RN that she has an electric heating pad at home that she used when she sprained her ankle. Answer: "The dry heat provided by your heating pad will help relieve your pain by promoting muscle relaxation." Natalie states that she has also been applying a cold pack an hour at a time to help heal her back as quickly as possible. 10) Which instruction is most important for the RN to provide? Answer: Excessive exposure to cold can damage the skin. The cold pack should not be applied for more than 20 minutes at a time. 11) How should the RN explain the mechanism that causes the skin to become reddened from prolonged exposure to cold? Answer: Reflex vasodilation occurs following the initial vasoconstricting effects of cold. TENS Unit: Natalie returns to the pain clinic in a week and reports that her pain has worsened. The pain management physician recommends the use of a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator (TENS) unit and prescribes a schedule IV opioid analgesic. Natalie states to the RN that she is familiar with the TENS Unit, calling it a biofeedback treatment. 12) What is the best response by the RN? Answer: "Pain relief is actually provided by delivery of small electrical currents to the skin." The RN explains the use of the TENS unit and demonstrates how to apply it. 13) Which instruction(s) should the RN include? Answer: -Be sure to use conducting gel or conductor pads when applying the electrodes to the skin. -Clean the skin where the electrodes will be placed and dry thoroughly. In addition to the TENS unit, Natalie has a prescription for a Schedule IV analgesic. The

RN recognizes that specific protocols are followed when a client is receiving scheduled (controlled) medications. 14) What characteristic of scheduled drugs results in the need for these specific protocols? Answer: There is a high potential abuse. The clinic stocks a small number of scheduled medications, so the RN obtains a dose of the prescribed medication for Natalie. At the end of the shift,the RN counts the remaining medications with the oncoming RN and notes that the count is not accurate. 15) What action should the RN implement? Answer: Review prescriptions for any scheduled drugs with all nurses with access to the medications to determine why the count is inaccurate. 16) The medication comes in a pre-loaded syringe labeled "20 mg/mL." How many mL should the RN expect to administer? Answer: 0.5mL 17) Since Natalie is fairly thin, which site is the best choice for the injection? Answer: Ventrogluteal 18) The RN will first place the palm of the hand on what anatomical spot to locate the injection site? Answer: The greater trochanter 19) Once the needle is inserted in the skin, what intervention should the RN perform? Answer: -Pull back on syringe plunger and observe for blood. -Slowly inject the medication into the muscle mass. -Follow the facility policy regarding aspiration of IM injection. 20) To ensure that the exercise is most effective, what action should the RN implement? Answer: Include as many sensory images as possible in the experience. 21) What instruction should the RN provide next? Answer: Tense the muscle fully. 22) When is the best time to teach Natalie about use of the PCA?

Answer: The day before the surgery is scheduled. 23) What is the total dosage of morphine that Natalie has received in the last 4 hours? Answer: 18mg. 24) What is the most likely reason for this change? Answer: She is receiving adequate pain control without the additional doses. 25) What is the rationale for combining these two ingredients? Answer: The synergistic effect of the two medications improves pain control. 26) How should the RN respond? Answer: You may need to continue the docusate sodium because most opioid analgesics, including hydrocodone/acetaminophen, cause constipation. 27) What is the priority nursing intervention? Answer: Arrange to continue the conversation in a more private location. 28) The RN's response demonstrates what ethical principle? Answer: Veracity.

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