HHD 2018 Units 3&4 Trial Exam 2 of 9 Solutions PDF

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HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Units 3 & 4 – Written examination

(TSSM’s 2010 trial exam updated for the current study design) SOLUTIONS Question 1 (5 marks) a. Optimal health and wellbeing is a state where an individual person’s physical, emotional and mental health abilities can be realistically achieved to their personal best. 2 marks b. Each individual’s optimal health is different, achieving personal goals improved mental health as a positive health state is achieved. The improvement of mental health will improve community involvement therefore having a positive impact on overall wellbeing. 3 marks Total 5 marks Question 2 (14 marks) a. The primary focus of the Victorian government is promoting good health and preventing chronic disease, by producing and supporting public campaigns to promote a healthier Victoria. 2 marks

b. Encouraging regular physical activity is specifically focused on the increasing of physical activities. VicHealth focuses on the health gains to be made by promoting activity by partnering with sporting clubs and recreation agencies to promote physical activity as a part of daily lives for all Victorians. 4 marks

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2018 HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT EXAM 2 of 9

c. The strategic priorities:    

Promote healthy eating Prevent tobacco use Prevent harm from alcohol Improve mental wellbeing 4 marks

d.

The Ottawa Charter is a universal health approach, which focuses on the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health the focuses are on giving individuals the knowledge and availability to achieve optimal health. 4 marks Total 14 marks

Question 3 (9 marks) a. Students must use the data provided to compare the health of Australia to the other two developed countries for two marks and will receive an additional mark for the correct use of data. If NO DATA is used NO MARKS should be awarded for this response. Example: Japan experiences slightly better health than Australians. They have a life expectancy of 80.2 years for males and 86.6 years for females compared to 80.1 years and 84.3 years respectively for Australians. The USA experience poorer health than Australia with a life expectancy of 76.4 years for males and 81.3 years for females. 3 marks b. Students can list any two of the following:   

Advanced infrastructure Industrialisation Income per capita

    

Standard of living Technological infrastructure Low unemployment and poverty rates Generates revenue from the industrial sector High industrial growth 2 marks

c. To identify a countries status the country’s gross national index is used, countries less than $1025 are considered low and those over $4035 are considered high. 3 marks

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2018 HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT EXAM 2 of 9 d. Physical environment can impact each of the specific data indicators, having clean water and sanitation affects life expectancy. Safe employment and work conditions impact on the income of the population, which affects the per capita income indicator. 3 marks Total 11 marks Question 4 (16 marks) a. Medicare is the Australian government’s universal public health insurance scheme, which provides free or subsidised treatment by medical professionals to all Australians. Medicare supports building public health policies to ensure equity in treatment. 3 marks b. The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme is a list of medicines available to be dispensed to patients at a Government subsidised price. The scheme is available to all Australian residents who hold a current Medicare card. 2 marks c. The social model of health addresses the broader influences of health factors, social, culture, environment and economic factors rather than focusing on the disease and injury. This model of health is an approach to prevent diseases and illnesses, acting as a preventative measure. 3 marks d. The social model of health focuses on lifestyle and behaviour and supports the need for social change to provide prerequisites for health. The model is aimed at reducing social inequities to ensure that all are treated equally with regards to access and empowerment of knowledge. 4 marks e. The biomedical model of health focuses on the diagnosis, treatment and cure. It relies on health professionals with a focus on the biological/physical aspects of a disease or illness. This model does not promote good health and does not encourage people to live healthy lives as this model only treats the condition and not the determinants that caused it. 4 marks

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2018 HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT EXAM 2 of 9 Question 5 (6 marks) a. Goal 2 – Zero Hunger 1 mark b. Students must suggest one reason explained in detail for full marks. Example: By increasing access to nutritious foods children are more likely to go to school, leading to increased job opportunities promoting the development of a country and helping to reduce overall poverty levels. 2 marks c. Students must use one link to human development, a second link to sustainability and include a link to the program for full marks. Example: By creating an initiative to aim at increasing the rate of breastfeeding to 50% by 2025 the population is being educated on the benefits of breastfeeding for increased nutrition. Due to this individuals are able to develop the knowledge to assist them in living productive and creative lives for themselves and their children. Through this education children who are breastfed are more likely to breastfeed their own children passing on this knowledge from generation to generation. 3 marks Total 6 marks

Question 6 (10 marks) a. To obtain full marks students should identify and briefly explain 6 of the WHO prerequisites for Health. These could include: Peace- the ability to live a settled life of freedom and human rights Shelter- to reside in situation of acceptable standard of living Education- to have the freedom and access to obtain an education Income- the availability of safe and equitable employment Sustainable resources- to have continual access to food and safe water Social justice and equity- to be treated equally in a fair manner 6 marks

b. The prerequisites for health are part of the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health. By developing health promotion in developing countries and enabling the communities to adapt strategies and programmes to suit local needs, taking into account differing social, cultural and economic situations. 4 marks Total 10 marks

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2018 HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT EXAM 2 of 9 Question 7 (16 marks) a. Social, environmental and economic 1 mark b. The dimensions of sustainability each play a role in health and wellbeing. The social dimension is essential to society being stable by interlinking acceptable behaviours to ensure the environment continues to be viable by developing public policy, knowledge and discussion to ensure continual viability of it therefore leading to a balanced and increasing economic climate. With the improvement of economic stability by equitable actions and increased employment across the population will support health and therefore socially acceptable behaviour. 6 marks c. The Human Development Index is a summary measure of average achievement in the key dimensions of human development, a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable and having a decent standard of living. 2 marks d. The advantages of the Human Development index include: Its widespread use to allow for clear comparisons to be made It does not only focus on economic development and takes into consideration other ways to measure social conditions and overall health statistics. By its use it increases knowledge and displays where Aid should be focused and the benefits of those in receipt of aid programs. 3 marks e. The Human Development index is designed to reflect the average achievements of the basic aspects of human development, Other aspects of wellbeing are measured using a range of objective and subjective indicators which would require further clarification and explanation. Gender and equality data is dependent on a wide variety of factors, which are not equally measurable in a developmental focus. 4 marks 16 marks

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2018 HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT EXAM 2 of 9 Question 8 (13 marks) a. The environmental impact of climate change such as heat waves, rise sea levels can lead to crop failure and reduced crop yields adversely affecting access to a secure food supply and negative impact on economic reliance on the sale of crops therefore affecting all aspects of health. Higher temperatures will lead to medical conditions such as heat stroke, particularly in developing countries, which may not have a access to areas protected from weather events, adversely affect physical and mental health of those impacted. 3 marks b. Those in developing countries will be adversely affected as the majority of the population reside close to sea level and will need to relocate to higher ground leaving behind their farmlands and source of income. Those in developed countries in the same situation would receive support from government to relocate and have the ability to access services to support their health and wellbeing. In the low income countries there is a higher risk of malnutrition because of the falling crop yields, their food source is not as stable or as varied as those in developed countries. 4 marks c. Globalisation of trade is positively impacting developing countries by supporting the development of stronger economic markets, This market is emerging as business between developed and developing countries is evolving into equality between the producers expectations and the prices paid for products. This effective market strategy is supporting economic growth and the developed of industrialisation in the developing countries involved. 6 marks Total 13 marks

Question 9 (5 marks) The sustainable development goals call for action by all countries to promote prosperity while protecting the planet for future generations to come. They are designed to fight poverty, fight inequality and tackle sustainability. Universal goals that all countries committed to and work toward together by supporting each other in reaching the desired outcomes. 5 marks

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