History Notes - chapter 9 and chapter 11 PDF

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chapter 9 and chapter 11...

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HISTORY NOTES-Chapter 9 Transportation Revolution--National Road Maryland to Western Virginia to Ohio to Illinois Starts 1790s into 1850s Privately contracted roads paid for by government. Regional Specialization Northeast- Textiles, Iron, Farm Equipment South- Agriculture, Whiskey, etc Western Farmers- Grow cotton very cheap, grain, meat vegetables. 1790s utilizing waterways for transportation. Built canals. 1817 NY began building Erie Canal… 1819 fir 75 miles. It was a huge success and paid back very quickly. Paid for with tax money. The steamboat- Robert Fulton - Became for efficient in 1820s. *Challenges* Gibbons v. Ogden - States wanted control and to charge for passing through their states. Implements Supreme Court overruling state governments and the laws of the land. Didn’t want one state to impede the flow of goods. Industrial Revolution - works side by side with transportation revolution. Increases wages and living standards of people Changes in labor and social structures *emerging middle class* Middle class dominates in the North East. Shared a common style of living. Mostly if you were a husband that had a wife at home who did not have to work. Wives and daughters were literate and went to school. They were able to be comfortable. Working class is dominate. In 1840s half of population works for someone else. Did not have a lot of security and were not prospering. Most of the time their children were out working and could not attend school. 1830s most of them living in well-defined neighborhoods. 1820s the working class alcohol consumption increased and caused an increase in alcoholism and created more chaos and crime.

The Benevolent Empire- largely made up with middle class women. Leads to women rebelling and pushing for equality with men. The women reformers start to abolish slavery. Women join William Lloyd Garrison to abolish slavery. They start to challenge that women are a lesser sex. Most famous women are Sarah and Angelina Grimke; they shared the idea that traditional gender roles were the domestic slavery of women. Harriet Beacher Stowe written in 1852-- a fictional story that talks a lot of the violence in slavery. Speaks at anti-slavery and womens rights lectures.

The Jacksonian Era(1829-1837) Republic is a state based on laws. Martin VanBuren- first person that creates a political machine called the Albany Regency. First political party- Jacksonian Democrats - Van Buren’s success was helped by his Platform, Patronage, Discipline. Andrew Jackson- hero of the Battle of New Orleans during the War of 1812. Had working class, farmers, southern slave owners backing him to be president. Doesn’t want the government running the economy. Attack’s Henry Clay’s System of government. The Tarriff and Nullification 1832 Congress ignores Southern demands to repeal tarriffs. Southerners were worried about giving congress enough power to abolish slavery. Jackson declared South Carolina in treason & reduced the duties.

9/23/19 NOTES Chapter 11-1808 no longer allowed to import slaves.

The slave South White Slave owners see themselves as aristocrats South economy grows rapidly from 1820-1860. Sells Rice cotton sugar, becomes “Cotton Kingdom” in 1840s Northern farmers- primarily selling to domestic customers. Southern planters becoming very rich selling to european markets. 1860 ¾ of cotton production coming from new regions- west georgia to eastern texas Planter- someone with 20+ slaves Gang-Labor system- teams with specific tasks

High Output= long term problems Only had a few options in the South for a job. Low education level in the south. (low skills for poor white farmers & slaves) Wealthy planters want to control the population. No school systems even for white children. Lacked cities, factories, education. Could not raise the standard of living in South. Southern Slave owners dominate the US influence. - Defended slavery for social purposes (africans were savage) 1840s-1850s thousands of slaves started fleeing from their owner to the North. Underground railroad- system of houses and safe places for slaves to be brought to to achieve freedom and help to run away from slavery.

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Frederick Douglas, Harriet Tubman, Sojourner Truth escaped slavery and went back down to the south the help free other slaves. Free Africans of the north were convicted of crimes without any jury trials. Did not have equal rights. Were segregated. Had to carry Liberty Papers to prove that they were free....