History of Rock and Roll Exam 1 Study Guide PDF

Preview

Summary

Download History of Rock and Roll Exam 1 Study Guide PDF

Description

History of Rock and Roll Exam 1 Study Guide Groove- The Rhythm (provided by the drum set). Harmonic roots- Baseline Harmonic filler- Harmonies provided mainly by the guitar but also keyboard that support the melody. Music takes place between the bass and treble parts Sound box- Spacial placement of the musicians. Pitch- Consistent frequency, the longer the wavelength the lower the pitch. Non-pitch- No way to sign it. No consistent frequency. Interval- Distance form one to pitch to another. Range- General highness or lowness of the sound produced. Dynamics- Softness or loudness of a piece. Timbre- Tone color, what makes instruments sound different from one another. Rhythm- A repetitive pattern that you recognize. Beat- What you tap your foot to, the pulse. Big beat- The steady and prominent bear. Back beat- Places an emphasis on 2 and 4. Downbeat- Emphasis on 1 Meter- The organization of stressed and unstressed beats. Duple meter- 1-2 Triple meter- 1-2-3 Quadruple meter- 1-2-3-4, most common for rock music. Simple meter- Divisible by 2,3, or 4, consist of all the 3 above. Compound meter- Divisible by 2 and 3. Shuffle rhythm- A combination of simple and compound meter. Accent- Emphasis on something in the rhythm. Syncopation- Accent is in an unexpected place. Bar (measure)- Used to measure time. Style beat- Rock beat Melody- Coherent succession of pitches provided by the guitar or vocalist.

Leap- Large intervals Sequence- Continually shifting a melodic pattern. Motive- Smallest most recognizable patter of music. Phrase- Coherent segment of the melody. Theme- Melodic idea that is larger than a motive. Harmony- Vertical Counterpoint- one note against another note Consonance- When something sounds pleasant or “fits” Dissonance- When something doesn’t sound pleasant or that it does not “fit”. Tonality- Hierarchy of pitches. Key- Establishes which note is most important. Tonic- The most important chord. Major- Happy Minor- Sad Modulation- Switching from one key to another. Texture- Layers of sound and their relationship to one another. Monophony- A single melody plays alone. Heterophony- A single melody plays multiple times with slight differences. Polyphony- More than 1 melody plays at the same time. Homophony- A single melody plays with an accompaniment. Repetition- AA Contrast- AB Variation- AAB Riff (lick)- Same thing as a motive. Hook- A catchy riff, also known as an earworm. AABA formBridge- The B, a contrasting and often less interesting section. Verse- The A, includes they lyrics which often tell a story. Instrumental verse

Chorus- A catchy section of repetitive music and lyrics that often contain the song title. Refrain- A section of music and text that repeat, often occurs at the beginning and the end of a song. Full reprise- The entire form repeats itself, Ex: AABAAABA. Partial reprise- A section of the form repeats, Ex: AABAAA Simple verse-chorus- The music stays the same, but the lyrics change. Contrasting verse-chorus form- Chorus and verses have different lyrics. Compound AABA formA: Verse and Chorus A: Verse and Chorus B: Bridge A: Usually just the chorus Simple verse form- A series of verses or refrains. Rhythm sectionReverb- Echo Delay- Synthetic repetition Mono- All sound comes out of 1 speaker. Stereo- Sounds seem like they are coming from different places. Race musicTin Pan Alley- New York city centered music Jazz Big Bands Swing Jump band Crooners Country- Hillbilly music, From southeast Appalachia. Western- Usually said as western swing,   

west/southwest waiting for the train-jimmy Rodgers Slide guitar.

Blues   

Ostinato 12 bar blues Lyrics AAB

Delta Blues (Country Blues)- From the rural south.     

Blind lemon Jefferson Lead belly “Cross road blues”-Robert Johnson Addition of extra beats is possible because it’s just 1 person playing. Typically for a single male voice and guitar

Hokum    

Piano and guitar Up-tempo Usually, sexual lyrics “It’s tight like that”- Tampa red and Georgia tom.

Boogie-Woogie     

Piano style Repeated riffs Big beat in right hand Shuffle rhythm in left hand “Pine Top’s Boogie Woogie” Pinetop smith

Electric Blues (Urban Blues)    

Big in Chicago and Memphis Usually, female singers “St. Louis Blues”-Bessie Smith Consisted of electric guitar, bass, piano, drums harmonica, and a microphoned singer.

Black Gospel    

Harmony singing with a men’s quartet. Call and response. A Capella singing. Accompanied by piano, bass and guitar and drums.

Rhythm& Blues Doo-Wop Honky tonk  

Emphasis is on the backbeat. “Hey Good Lookin” Hank Williams.



Typically features fiddle and steel guitar.

Afro-Latin music Clave rhythm- 3+3+4+2+4 Alan Freed- was an American disk jockey who started, “Rock ‘N’ Roll Dance Party”. Featuring:  

“Rock Around the Clock”- Bill Haley And His Comets “Shake, Rattle, and Roll”- Big Joe Turner

Early Rock and Roll Fats Domino   

Crossover (to pop/mainstream music) success, R&B Piano “Blueberry hill”- In AABA Form & Felt in 2 and 3

Little Richard      

Crossover success Piano Aggressive playing style- Scarier to white audiences Sexual innuedos in lyrics “Tutti Frutti” He leaves music to become a preacher, then comes back to it later

Chuck Berry       

Crossover success (R&B) Guitarist Influenced by country music. Known for the “duck walk”. Double stops: Playing 2 notes at the same time. “Johnny B. Goode”- Simple verse chorus form, Shuffle beat. Very friendly to all audiences.

Elvis Presley   

Sun records (Regional) to RCA (Mainstream) Not a songwriter (Only did covers) “That’s all right (Mama)”- Simple verse, 2/4, country feel.

Payola- A scandal between records and radio stations.  

A record companies paid disk jockeys to play certain records. Airwaves were government property, so this was illegal.

Crossover

Rockabilly     

Mostly performed by the white artists Combination of blues and hillbilly Primary solo instrumentation is electric guitar. Instrumentation: Guitar, upright bass, drum set, singer Singers use a wide range of vocal inflections.

“Blueberry Hill” – Fats Domino “Johnny B. Goode” – Chuck Berry “Tutti Frutti”- Little Richard “That’s All Right (Mama)” – Elvis Presley Hillbilly music Carl Perkins Elvis Presley Bill Haley Buddy Holly  

Primary instrument: Guitar “That’ll be the Day”

Roy Orbison   

Caruso of rock “Only the Lonely” Sun Records

Everly Brothers  

Columbia records “All I Have to do is Dream”

Johnny Cash Jerry Lee Lewis    

Primary instrument: Piano Sun records “Great balls of fire” Married his 13-year-old cousin

Eddie Cochran Richie Valens 

Doesn’t really fit the mold

  

Chicano rock (Hispanic Rock ‘n’ Roll) “La bamba” Died in the same plane crash as Buddy Holly

“La bamba” – Richie Valens “Great Balls of Fire”- Jerry Lee Lewis That’ll Be the Day” – Buddy Holly and The Crickets “All I Have to Do Is Dream”- The Everly Brothers “Only the Lonely”- Roy Orbison Brill Building Sound- NY, Stage of singer-songwriter, house songwriters, producers, and music publishers Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller“- Searchin” The Coasters Phil Spector- “Be My Baby” The Ronettes Soul Music    

Race music to rhythm and Blues to soul music 1960 African-American popular music genre Utilized vocal techniques from gospel music

James Brown “Papa’s Got a Brand-New Bag” – James Brown – I Got you (I feel good) Stax (Memphis) FAME studio in Muscle Shoals, AL 

Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section

AtlanticRecords Motown- record label soul music and musical style “Heatwave” - Martha and the Vandellas Berry Gordy Wall of Sound Philadelphia Sound- soft soul Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff Philadelphia International Records MFSB (Mother Father Sister Brother)

“For the Love of Money” – O’Jays Minimized backbeat Surf rock Beach Boys- Jan and Dean, Dick Dale “Ghost Riders in the sky”- Dick Dale “Surfin’ USA”- The Beach Boys- Pet sounds...