HLSC220 Practice Quiz Answers PDF

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HLSC220 Practice Quiz Answers 1. Code of professional ethics have always guided health care professionals because: - B&C - Health care professionals must consider the fact of vulnerability, and must avoid giving goals other than the well-being of their patients - Are confronted by complex ethical dilemmas in the course of their work 2. Virtue theory focuses on - C, moral character and moral goals 3. Virtues are: - A, character traits or habits of being 4. A virtuous person - C, can be relied upon to do the right thing because that is what a virtuous person (Habitually) does 5. When making ethical decisions, a virtue theorist asks: - D, what kind of person would I become if I did (or did not do) one thing or another? 6. Deontologists focus on: - B, rules, duties, principles and laws to guide actions 7. When making ethical decisions, Kant would ask: - A, Can my decision be universalised? 8. When making decisions deontologists ask: - D, all of the above - What is my duty in this case? What principle should I follow? What should I do? 9. Kant rejected any actions that involved exploitation because: - A, exploitation of human beings undermines human dignity 10. Utilitarianism is a form of: - A, consequentialism 11. When making ethical decisions, utilitarians ask: - D, a and b - Which actions will bring about the best overall consequences? Which actions will do more good than harm? 12. Ethics and morality both involve such concepts as: - B, goodness, evil, rightness, wrongness, truth, love, virtue and character 13. Ethics is: - C, necessarily prescriptive 14. Freegard defines professionalism are those who: - D, All of the above - Provide a service that is valued by the communities in which they practice, work autonomously and conduct research, accrue knowledge and demonstrate technical competence 15. Code of Ethics: - C, are public statements to members of the societies in which professions practice 16. Boundary violations occur when a health care professional: - D, all of the above - Is neglectful of, disinterested in, their patients, is overly involved in a patient’s life, instigates a sexual or financial relationship with a patient 17. The primary role of the National Boards is to - C, keep the public safe 18. Notifications are made for the following reasons: - D, all of the above - Failure to meet expected standards of knowledge, skills, care or judgement in professional practice, thought not to be a ‘suitable person’ to be a member of a health profession, thought to have an impairment or to be falsely obtained professional/ student registration

19. Health Care Professional have a mandatory obligation to report instance of child maltreatment because: - B, children are especially vulnerable 20. Professional misconduct is a tribunal finding case in cases where a health care professional has: - D, all of the above - practices 'substantially below the standard reasonably expected of a registered health care professional of equivalent training or experience" -) engaged in conduct deemed contrary to a practitioner "being a fit and proper person to hold registration in the profession"-) engaged in conduct in their private lives that is deemed contrary to a practitioner "being a fit and proper person to hold registration in the profession" 21. Health care professionals: - D, b and c - are legally permitted to raise a conscientious objection to being implicated in an activity which they find, on moral or religious grounds, to be unacceptable -) professionals who raise a conscientious objection to being implicated in an activity they find morally unacceptable must inform their employers of their objection 22. Pellegrino locates the ethical legitimacy of the health care professions in: - C, the relationships they share with their patients 23. Human dignity can be understood as: - D, all of the above - a. an intrinsic value belonging to all human beings by virtue of being human - b. an intrinsic value belonging to all human beings by virtue of being made in the image and likeness of god - c. an intrinsic value belonging to all human beings by virtue of the human capacity, or freedom, that human beings possess to deliberate morally 24. Kant believed that respecting human dignity requires - B, respect for the right of others to deliberate morally 25. Humanity itself is a dignity – is view held by: - B, Kant 26. Human rights serve to protect: - C, human dignity 27. Sulmasy argues that the right to health care is not universal because - B, a community might lack the capacity to uphold that right 28. The right to health care is recognised in Australia: - D, all of the above - a. inasmuch as we support a universal health insurance scheme - b. inasmuch as it is included in professional codes of ethics - c. inasmuch as we have the economic, physical, and intellectual capacities to meet health care need 29. The rights promulgated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: - B, are a statement of consensus over the social goods that are desirable 30. To protect the rights of those who lack capacity to decide, the American Nurses Association requires that nurses should - D, all of the above - a. collaborate with others to ensure ethically sound treatment - b. advocate on behalf of those who lack capacity - c. be aware of patients' rights 31. The holocaust teaches us that: - All of the above - a. health care professionals have the power to do great harm - b. to uphold professional integrity, the goal of health care professional activity must always be, firstly, health and healing

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c. health care professionals are held accountable for their actions, even if they are sanctioned by the state or by an employer 32. The legislation governing consent requires that - B, consent must be informed and the patient must be given time to consider the information provided 33. Wasting health care resources can occur in the following ways: - All of the above - a. over-treatment and fraudulent charging - b. lack of coordination of care - c. unrestricted pricing of health care products by private companies 34. Public health measures designed to change individual behaviour can be rejected because: - B, they are thought to be paternalistic 35. The second largest emitters of greenhouse gases are: - C, hospitals 36. Health care professionals act justly when they: - D, when they provide the level of care necessary to meet a patient’s actual need and in keeping with the same needs in others 37. The principle of respect for patient autonomy - All of the above - a. is an aspect of respect for human dignity - b. serves to recognise the right that each competent person has to make choices and to act on the basis of one's own beliefs and values - c. requires health care professionals to involve patients in making decisions about their treatment and care 38. Consent to health care: - B, Must be both informed and obtained from competent patients prior to surgery, anaesthesia or invasive procedures 39. Shared decision-making - C, allows patients to consider the professional’s clinical knowledge in light of their own values and beliefs 40. Paternalism in health care occurs when - C, a professional’s idea of what is good for a patient overrides the differing view of the patient 41. The legislation governing consent allows - A, consent to be foregone in an emergency 42. Persons appointed to make health care decisions on behalf of a patient - C, must, in making decisions, accurately represent the wishes of the patients 43. Advance care directives are: - D, a and b - a. written expressions of a person's wishes regarding treatment and care - b. useful for guiding decision-making in the patient's interests when that patient has permanently or temporarily lost the capacity to consent 44. A patient’s confidentiality is respected when: - All of the above - a. information about a patient's condition is shared between members of the health care team only or with those who have a 'need to know' - b. information is shared with the treating team in order to help the patient - c. information is shared with a patient's family/ significant others only with the permission of the patient 45. The requirement to respect patient confidentiality is limited - All of the above - a. in the interests of public safety - b. to protect an identifiable third party who may otherwise be harmed

- c. to protect a patient from harming himself or herself 46. Decisions concerning the distribution of health care resources must take into account - All of the above - a. the requirements of justice and fairness - b. the requirement to meet other human needs - c. the state of the economy 47. Medicare in Australia allows access to - INCORRECT – a, public hospital care only 48. The principle of non-maleficence requires health care professionals to - All of the above - a. do no harm - b. avoid killing or disabling patients - c. avoid cheating, lying and breaking promises 49. The principle of beneficence requires health care professionals to - C, aim to benefit the patient 50. Acting for the purpose of the patient - B, needs to be weighed carefully against the possibility of harming the patient 51. The legal findings of negligence can be made in cases where: - All of the above - a. the defendant owed a duty of care to the plaintiff and the appropriate standard of care has been breached - b. as a result of the breach, damage (harm) has been caused to the plaintiff and that the damage was not too 'remote' - c. there are no defences which wholly or partially excuse the professional's negligent behaviour...