HMI Viva Ans 19-5-21 HMI Lecture notes and searchable PDFs PDF

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HMI VIVA QB What are the mistakes performed while designing a computer system? Module 2 Ans. Mistake #1: Feature CreepOne of the most common problems encountered while developing a new HMI / SCADA project is feature creep. Feature creep is when new features keep creeping into your project during the...

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HMI VIVA QB What are the mistakes performed while designing a computer system? Module 2 Ans. Mistake #1: Feature Creep One of the most common problems encountered while developing a new HMI / SCADA project is feature creep. Feature creep is when new features keep creeping into your project during the course of its development You should never turn your back on a good idea. However, if the scope of a project continues to grow during its development, your deadline will continue to get pushed back. This is equivalent to continually moving the finish line back during a race; if you can’t see the finish line you won’t be able to pace yourself, and sooner or later you and your project will hit a wall. Solution: More often than not, feature creep is the result of poor planning. If you spend the time at the beginning of the project to 1) accurately define it, 2) build a solid project architecture and 3) formulate a detailed plan of action, you can ensure that your project is not derailed by feature creep. The planning phase is covered in detail the first installment of the Design Like a Pro white paper and webinar series. Mistake #2: Designing for the Present (But Not for the Future) Designing a project for the present is what happens when HMI / SCADA project developers create a new project with their own immediate needs in mind, without regard to those who will use the project after them. Designing a project with a lack of foresight is not only a common mistake, it is potentially one of the most costly errors an HMI / SCADA project developer can make. That’s because designing a project to solve a problem for the here-and-now may bring relief today, but it can result in a costly redesign in the not-sodistant future. Solution: A rule of thumb to follow when designing projects for HMIs or SCADA systems is this: Don’t design the project for yourself, design it for the next person who will use it. That means you need to think about not only the people who will use the project on a daily basis, but also the next developer who will 1.

work on the project. In practical terms that means you should be logical and consistent in your project development. Some good practices in regards to this are: 1. Use consistent naming conventions when saving files. 2. Keep thorough notes when scripting. 3. Use HMI / SCADA software that adheres to modern IT best practices and allows for easy expansion. This all seems very simple – and it is – but it’s amazing how often this philosophy is not followed. Mistake #3: Endless Development Time Another very common problem encountered during the design phase is getting lost in endless development time. This occurs when the development of certain project parts – such as components, project windows, or scripting functions – eats up all your time with no end in sight. This most commonly occurs when project developers use an application or skill set that they are not very familiar with. It can also happen when working on a very large project that requires the tedious creation of some project pieces to be done over and over again across multiple devices. Solution: Being able to swiftly move through tedious, repetitive tasks will keep the project on course. This is one of the hallmarks of a seasoned project developer. A real pro doesn’t complete a project quickly because he is working at a reckless pace; it’s because he knows some seriously powerful shortcuts to get from point A to point B. Explain the benefits of heuristic evaluation. Postlab 5 Ans. The Advantages of using the Heuristic Evaluation Companies may depend on the heuristic evaluation rather than another usability testing because of the following advantages:  It is an inexpensive usability testing methods that can test the product based on number of in-house UX experts  It is a quick testing tool as it doesn’t require to prepare a representative user sample to do the testing  It can be used to element the common usability problems that don’t need a feedback from the end user 2.

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It can be used prior to other usability testing methods to focus on the user-specific usability issues

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Explain different types of interfaces in HCI. Module 1 Command Line Interface Menu-driven Interface Graphical User Interface Touchscreen Graphical User Interface

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What are the seven principles of universal design? Module 2 Ans. Universal Design Principles  Equitable use. The design is useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities. ...  Flexibility in Use. ...  Simple and intuitive. ...  Perceptible information. ...  Tolerance for error. ...  Low physical effort. ...  Size and space for approach and use.

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What are the seven steps of action and three processing levels? Module 1 Ans. The Seven Stages of Action  Form the goal.  Plan the action.  Specify an action sequence.  Perform the action sequence.  Perceive the state of the world.  Interpret the perception.  Compare the outcome with the goal. 5.

Explain the steps in constructing a persona. Module 2 Ans. Steps in constructing Persona: 1. Identify user behavioural patterns. 6.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Arrange interviews as per user behaviour. Recognise user behavioural patterns. Generate various user characteristics and relevant goals. Check for completeness of goal. Explain all attributes and behaviour of the user. Design various persona.

Name any three important human characteristics in design. Module 2 Ans. IMPORTANT HUMAN CHARACTERISTICS IN DESIGN Importance in design are perception, memory, visual acuity, foveal and peripheral vision, sensory storage, information processing, learning, skill, and individual differences.

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https://www.ques10.com/p/2577/explain-various-humancharacteristics-which-are--2/ Explain human interaction speeds in HMI. Module 2 Ans. HUMAN INTERACTION SPEEDS The speed at which people can perform using various communication methods has been studied by a number of researchers. READING • Prose text - 250300 words per minute. ... LISTENING • Speaking to a computer: 150-160 words per minute. • After recognition corrections: 105 words per minute. 8.

Name the three most important senses in HCI. Module 1 Ans. There are of course five major senses: sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell. Of these, the first three are the most important to HCI. 9.

Explain reasoning and problem solving in HCI. Module 1 Ans. If reasoning is a means of inferring new information from what is already known, problem solving is the process of finding a solution to an unfamiliar task, using the knowledge we have. Human problem 10.

solving is characterized by the ability to adapt the information we have to deal with new situations. Name any five computer devices. Module 1 Ans. In this chapter, we will discuss on some new and old interactive devices.  Touch Screen. The touch screen concept was prophesized decades ago, however the platform was acquired recently. ...  Gesture Recognition. ...  Speech Recognition. ...  Keyboard. ...  Response Time. 11.

Explain any four interaction styles. Module 1 Ans. (1994), the types of interaction styles mentioned are usually command language, form fillin, menu selection, and direct manipulation. 12.

Explain the WIMP interface. Module 1 Ans. Stands for "Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointer." WIMP is an acronym that emerged in the 1980s and describes the graphical user interface (GUI) of personal computers. These interfaces include icons, but often lack windows and menus. ... Since no mouse is required for a touchscreen interface, there is no pointer. 13.

What is goal directed design process? Module 2 Ans. Goal Directed Design describes a six-step process for talking to users, analyzing what they say and do, and most importantly, making decisions about whether different users can be satisfied by the same interface or will require different interfaces. 14.

What is prototyping and what is its importance in HCI? Module 2 Ans. Prototyping serves to provide specifications for a real, working system rather than a theoretical one. In some workflow models,

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creating a prototype (a process sometimes called materialization) is the step between the formalization and the evaluation of an idea. What are the techniques of prototyping in HCI? Module 2 Ans. Prototyping can be divided into low-fidelity prototyping, medium-fidelity prototyping and high-fidelity prototyping. In some literature, it is only simply classified as low-fidelity prototyping (also called Lo-Fi) and high-fidelity prototyping (also called Hi-Fi), where low-fidelity prototyping is mainly about paper-based mock-up, and high-fidelity is mainly about computer-based simulation. The determining factor in prototype fidelity is the degree to which the prototype accurately represents the appearance and interaction of the product, not the degree to which the code and other attributes invisible to the user are accurate. On this web page, we will consider a fully-functioned prototype as a high-fidelity prototype. Other prototypes will be divided into low-fidelity and medium-fidelity prototypes. We will focus on the low-fidelity and medium-fidelity prototyping techniques. Medium-fidelity and high-fidelity prototypings are discussed together on some attributes indicated as medium(high)-fidelity prototyping.

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Explain the importance of storyboards in UI designing? Module 2 Ans. Storyboarding is a process that allows the developers to step into the shoes of a user with a set mentality and character to look at the application that they are developing. This helps them understand and define the need for the application properly. 17.

What are the design standards in HCI? Module 2 Ans. Contents of HCI standards Subjects for HCI standards include: Keyboard Display screen Furniture Working environment Dialogues Error handling 18.

Icons Objects and actions What are the design guidelines in HCI? Module 2 Ans. What are the design guidelines in HCI? Guidelines in HCI  Strive for Consistency.  Cater to Universal Usability.  Offer Informative feedback.  Design Dialogs to yield closure.  Prevent Errors.  Permit easy reversal of actions.  Support internal locus of control.  Reduce short term memory load. 19.

Explain evaluation techniques in HCI. Module 2 Ans. Evaluation Techniques - Cognitive Walkthrough, Heuristic Evaluation, Review-based evaluation 20.

What are steps in designing good GUI? Module 3 Ans. Once you know about your user, make sure to consider the following when designing your interface: 1. Keep the interface simple. ... 2. Create consistency and use common UI elements. ... 3. Be purposeful in page layout. ... 4. Strategically use color and texture. ... 5. Use typography to create hierarchy and clarity. 21.

Name any five principles of interface design. Module 3 Ans. Principles of User Interface Design  Clarity is job #1. Clarity is the first and most important job of any interface. ...  Interfaces exist to enable interaction. ...  Conserve attention at all costs. ... 22.

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Keep users in control. ... Direct manipulation is best. ... One primary action per screen. ... Keep secondary actions secondary. ... Provide a natural next step.

Explain the concept of direct manipulation in GUI. Module 3 Ans. Direct manipulation is an interaction style in which the objects of interest in the UI are visible and can be acted upon via physical, reversible, incremental actions that receive immediate feedback. 23.

What is Serial Position Effect? Postlab 8 Ans. The Serial Position Effect The Primacy Effect: Items that are presented at the beginning of a list are recalled with greater accuracy than items in the middle of a list. The Recency Effect: Items that appear at the end of a list are also more likely to elicit better recall than items presented in the middle of a list. 24.

What is the use of SPE in designing GUI? Postlab 8 Ans.

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SPE · PyPI https://pypi.org › project › SPE 1. 19-Jan-2006 — A special feature is its ability to run interactively inside blender with a 3d object browser. Spe integrates with XRCed (GUI designer) and ships with wxGlade (GUI designer), PyChecker (source code doctor), Kiki (regular expression console) and WinPdb (remote, multi-threaded debugger). Difference between GUI and Web interface. Module 3 Ans. 26.

Content

Graphical User Interface

Web Page Design

Devices

User hardware variations limited.,Screens appear exactly as specified.

User hardware variations enormous. Screen appearance influenced by hardware being used.

User Focus

Data and applications.

Information navigation.

Data /Information

Typically created and used by known and trusted sources.,Typically placed into system by users or known people and organizations.Typically organized in a meaningful fashion.A notion of private and shared data exists.

Full of unknown content. Source not always trusted. Often not placed onto the web by users or known people and organizations. Highly variable organization. Privacy often suspects.

User Tasks

Install,configure,personalize,start,use,and upgrade programs.,Open, use and close data files.

Link to a site,browse or read pages,fill out forms,register for services,participate in transactions,download and save things. Movement between pages and sites very rapid.

https://www.ques10.com/p/274/differentiate-between-graphicaluser-interface-and/ How do you make a screen interface more visually pleasing? Module 4 Ans. 7 ways to create attractive user interfaces

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and

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Follow Hick's law (don't clutter interfaces) ... Use the right signifiers. ... Know which colours evoke which moods. ... Understand and apply the different types of symmetry. ... Use photos of real people. ... Maintain consistency. ... Take advantage of white space.

Screen elements in HMI. Postlab 1 Ans. HMI Elements include the following categories:  Simple Elements.  Buttons.  User Controls.  Text Elements.  Numeric Elements.  Image Elements.  Tanks.  Graphs/Meters. 28.

What are the three levels of users? Module 4 Ans. There are many ways to define the level of UX in an organization. ... Three levels of UCD/UX  User Interface (UI) level. ...  User Experience (UX) level. ...  Customer Experience (CX) level. 29.

What are the different types of mobile applications? Module 5 Ans. Three Types of Apps: Native, Hybrid, and Web  Native Mobile Apps: Native mobile apps are designed to be “native” to one platform, whether it's Apple iOS, Google's Android, or Windows Phone. ... 30.

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Hybrid Mobile Apps: These apps can be installed on devices just like native apps, but they run through web browsers. ... Web Apps:

Explain the different elements of mobile design. Module 5 Ans. Elements of Mobile Design, Tools • Interpreting Design ▫ The Mobile Design Tent-Pole ▫ Designing for the Best Possible Experience 31.

The Elements of Mobile Design • Context • Message • Look and Feel • Layout • Color • Typography • Graphics What are characteristics of a good icon. Postlab 7 Ans. There are a few characteristics of an icon that collectively form a part of well-designed icons.  Clarity. Icons should be understandable to the user in a single glance. ...  Consistency. The style, the color schemes you chose to design icons should be consistent throughout the interface. ...  Scalability. 32.

Explain the different presentation styles of windows. Module 6 Ans. There are two basic styles, commonly called tiled or overlapping. The presentation style of a window refers to its spatial relationship to other windows. There are two basic styles, commonly called tiled or overlapping. Tiled windows derive their name from common floor or wall tile. 33.

Explain the different types of messages. Module 6 Ans. The Different Type of Messages  Confirmation Messages.  Information Messages.  Warning Messages.  Error Messages.  System Messages. 34.

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Importance of choosing appropriate colors in icon design. Module 6

Ans. The correctly chosen colours make your set look more cohesive and stylish, and they also deliver the message way better! So choose wisely. Know exactly why you have chosen one particular colour over the others, and this will take your icons to the next level....