Ho U HW2 FA19 - Second homework assignment that covers chapters 9-12. PDF

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Second homework assignment that covers chapters 9-12. ...

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History of the Universe, HW2 part 1 Fall 2019

SUBMIT ANSWERS via NYUClasses BEFORE: 11:55pm EST ON TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 12 SUBMIT ONE DOCUMENT Chapter 7: Q5. Briefly describe the patterns of motion that we observe among the planets and moons of our solar system. Q6. What are the basic differences between the terrestrial and jovian planets? Which planets fall into each group? Q10 What is the Kuiper belt? What is the Oort cloud? How do the orbits of comets differ in the two regions? Q11. Describe at least two “exceptions to the rules” that we find in our solar system. Q23. The largest terrestrial planet and jovian planet are, respectively, (a) Venus and Jupiter. (b) Earth and Jupiter. (c) Earth and Saturn. Q24. Large moons orbit their planets in the same direction as the planet rotates (a) rarely. (b) half of the time. (c) most of the time. Q25 Which of the following three kinds of objects resides closest to the Sun on average? (a) comets (b) asteroids (c) jovian planets Q26 What’s unusual about our Moon? (a) It’s the only moon that orbits a terrestrial planet. (b) It’s by far the largest moon in the solar system. (c) It’s surprisingly large relative to the planet it orbits. Q27 Planetary orbits are (a) very eccentric (stretched-out) ellipses and in the same plane. (b) fairly circular and in the same plane. (c) fairly circular but oriented in every direction. Q28 Which have more moons on average? (a) jovian planets (b) terrestrial planets (c) Terrestrial and jovian planets both have about the same number of moons. Q29.The most abundant ingredient of the Sun and Jupiter is (a) ionized metal. (b) hydrogen. (c) ammonia. Q30 Are there any exceptions to the rule that planets rotate with small axis tilts and in the same direction as they orbit the Sun? (a) No (b) Venus is the only exception. (c) Venus and Uranus are exception.

Chapter 8: Q1: Briefly describe the four major features of our solar system that a solar formation model must explain.

Q2. Describe the salient features of nebular model of solar system formation. Cite at least 4 observations/data or laws that support.

History of the Universe, HW2 part 1 Fall 2019 Q6. What was the frost line? Which ingredients condensed inside and outside the frost

line? What role did it play in the formation of two distinct types of planets? Q14. How old is the solar system, and how do we know?

Q26. The nebular model holds that (a) our solar system formed from the collapse of an interstellar cloud of gas and dust. (b) each planet formed from the collapse of its own separate nebula. (c) the planets formed as a result of a near-collision between our Sun and another star. Q27. The solar nebula was 98% (a) rock and metal. (b) hydrogen compounds. (c) hydrogen and helium. Q28. Which of the following did not occur during the collapse of the solar nebula? (a) spinning faster (b) heating up (c) concentrating denser materials nearer the Sun Q29. What is Jupiter’s main ingredient? (a) rock and metal (b) hydrogen compounds (c) hydrogen and helium Q30. Which of the following lists the major steps of solar system formation in the correct order? (a) collapse, accretion, condensation (b) collapse, condensation, accretion (c) accretion, condensation, collapse

Chapter 9: Q2. Summarize the processes by which planetary heat and cool. Large planets (larger

circumference) retain internal heat longer than smaller planets due to….. Q3. Earth has a global magnetic field because it has these measurable characteristics

(what is needed for global magnetic field). Do all terrestrial planets have similarly strong magnetic fields? Q7. Summarize the ways in which a terrestrial world’s size, distance from the Sun, and rotation rate each affect its relative level of impact cratering, volcanism, tectonics, and erosion. Q29. What is the longest-lasting internal heat source responsible for geological activity? (a) accretion (b) radioactive decay (c) sunlight Q33. What is the name of the rigid outer layer of a planet? (a) crust (b) mantle (c) lithosphere Q52. Using the Astronomy Pictures of the Day website: https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/iotd.html

History of the Universe, HW2 part 1 Fall 2019

Search for archived images of the terrestrial worlds. Look at many of them, and choose the one you think is the “coolest.” Write a short description of what it shows, and explain what you like about it.

Chapter 10: Q4. What is the greenhouse effect? Describe how it warms a planet. Q10. What is a magnetosphere? Describe its role in protecting any atmosphere from the solar wind and in creating auroras. Q11. What is the difference between weather and climate? Q33. Which terrestrial world has the most atmosphere? (a) Venus (b) Earth (c) Mars Q36. Which of the following is a strong greenhouse gas? (a) nitrogen (b) water vapor (c)

oxygen Q41. What causes the release of oxygen into Earth’s atmosphere? (a) outgassing (b) vaporization (c) photosynthesis Q52: A Swiftly Rotating Venus. Suppose Venus rotated as rapidly as Earth. Briefly explain how and why you would expect it to be different in terms of each of the following: geological processes, atmospheric circulation, magnetic field, and climate history....