HSK 210L Midterm PDF

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Midterm study guide, Dr. Richards...

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HSK 210L MIDTERM (WEEKS 1-7) WEEKLY STRUCTURE LIST (Fall 2018 revision)

Week #1: List of structures to know for your first quiz Anatomical Position: Be able to recognize it and tell why / why not a person is in this position Directional Terms: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Superficial Deep Medial Lateral Dorsal / Posterior Ventral / Anterior Plantar Palmar Proximal Distal Superior Inferior

Planes: 1. Sagittal 2. Coronal / Frontal 3. Transverse / Horizontal Bony markings (recognize definition or an example if it is on a femur): (Thieme: pg 406) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

Condyle: Large smooth, rounded articulating oval structure Epicondyle: Projection adjacent to the condyle Facet: Small flat, shallow, articulating surface Head: Prominent, rounded epiphysis Trochlea: Smooth, grooved, pulley- like articular process Articulating surfaces: two bone meet at joint (condyle, facet, head, trochlea) Fossa: Flattened or shallow depression Sulcus: Narrow groove Crest: Narrow, prominent, ridgelike projection Line: Low ridge Ramus: Angular extension of a bone relative to rest of structure Spine: Pointed, slender process Trochanter: Massive, rough projection only found on femur Tubercle: Small, round projection Tuberosity: Large, rough projection Canal / Foramen / Meatus: Passageway through a bone Fissure: Narrow, slit like opening through a bone Sinus: Cavity or hollow space in a bone

Lower Extremity Bone Markings (recognize on a femur model, on Complete Anatomy, or Anatomage) Femur Bone

1. Head 2. Fovea (capitis) 3. Neck 4. Greater trochanter 5. Lesser trochanter 6. Gluteal tuberosity (Gluteus Maximus Insertion) 7. Diaphysis (shaft) 8. Linea Aspera Adductor tubercle 9. 10. Medial condyle 11. Lateral condyle 12. Intercondylar notch (fossa) 13. Patellar surface (femoral trochlea)

Apical side

Histology (Marieb) (Junqueira Fig 4-14) Simple Columnar epithelium 1. Apical side 2. Basal side 3. Cell membrane 4. Nucleus 5. Lumen

Basal side Nucleus

Lumen

Week #3 Lower extremity and pelvis List of structures to know: Histology Lab 1. Hyaline cartilage – (Marieb pg.89 Fig 4.10h) (Junqueira Fig 7-3) a. Ground Substance b. Chondrocyte c. Lacuna

2. Fibrocartilage – (Marieb pg.87 Fig 4.10j) (Junqueira Fig 7-5) a. Ground Substance b. Collagen Fibers c. Chondrocyte

3. Cortical Bone – (Marieb pg .88 Fig 4.10k) (Junqueira Fig 8-1, 8-9, 8-10) a. Osteon b. Lacuna c. Osteocyte d. Central (Haversian) Canal e. Lamellae

f. Perforating (Volkmann’s) canal

Bones of the Pelvis (Thieme pgs. 228-231) 1. Ilium 1. Anterior Superior Iliac Spine 2. Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine 3. Posterior Superior Iliac Spine 4. Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine 5. Iliac Crest 6. Greater Sciatic Notch

1. Ischium 1. Ischial Tuberosity 2. Ischial Spine 3. Lesser Sciatic Notch 4. Acetabulum 1. Pubic Bone 1. Superior Pubic Ramus 2. Inferior Pubic Ramus 3. Obturator Foramen 4. Pubic Tubercle 5. Pubic Symphyseal Surface Lower Extremity Soft Tissues (Anatomage: Cadaver 1 : presets 5 and 6) (Anatomage: Hi-Res Thigh: preset 2) Thigh Medial Compartment

A. Medial Compartment of the Thigh Muscles (Thieme pgs. 412-413, 415, 486) 1. Pectineus muscle 2. Adductor longus muscle 3. Adductor brevis muscle 4. Adductor magnus muscle 5. Gracilis muscle

Thigh Anterior Compartment (Thieme pgs. 412-413, 486) A. Anterior Thigh Muscles 1.Rectus femoris muscle 2. Vastus lateralis muscle 3. Vastus intermedius muscle 4. Vastus medialis muscle 5. Tensor fascia latae muscle 6. Iliotibial Band/Tract 7. Sartorius Muscle B. Anterior Thigh Veins, Arteries, and Nerves (Thieme pgs. 466-475, 486) 1.Great Saphenous Vein 2.Femoral Artery 3.Femoral Vein 4.Femoral Nerve

Thigh Posterior Compartment A. Posterior Thigh Muscles (Thieme pgs. 416-417, 487) 1. Biceps femoris muscle 2. Semitendinosus muscle 3. Semimembranosus muscle B. Posterior Thigh Veins, Arteries, and Nerves (Thieme pgs. 466-475, 487) 1. Sciatic Nerve

Anterior Hip Musculature (Thieme pgs. 146-149)(Anatomage: Cadaver 3: Preset 5) a. Iliacus Muscle b. Psoas Major Muscle

Posterior Hip Musculature (Thieme pgs 416-417) a. Gluteus Maximus Muscle b. Gluteus Medius Muscle c. Gluteus Minimus Muscle d. Piriformis Muscle

Week #4 Lower extremity leg and foot List of structures to know Lower Extremity Bones A. Patella Bone (Thieme pg. 429) 1. Apex (inferior surface for patellar ligament) 2. Base (superior surface for quadriceps tendon) 3. Articular surface (for medial condyle of femur: posterior medial) 4. Articular Surface (for lateral condyle of femur: posterior lateral) Lateral=larger

B. Tibia Bone (Thieme pgs. 426-427) 1. Lateral superior articular surface of tibial plateau 2. Medial superior articular surface of tibial plateau 3. Intercondylar eminence 4. Medial condyle 5. Lateral condyle 6. Tibial tuberosity 7. Shaft /diaphysis 8. Inferior articular surface for talus 9. Medial malleolus 10. Fibular notch C. Fibula Bone (Thieme pgs. 426-427) 1. Head 2. Neck 3. Diaphysis (shaft) 4. Medial border for interosseous membrane 5. Lateral malleolus D. Talus Bone (Thieme pgs. 446-447, 453) 1. Superior trochlear surface 2. Lateral malleolar surface 3. Medial malleolar surface 4. Navicular articular surface (talonavicular joint) 5. Tarsal sinus (sinus between talus and calcaneus) E. Calcaneus Bone (Thieme pgs. 446-447, 453) 1. Calcaneal tuberosity for triceps surae (gastrocnemius & soleus) tendon 2. Sustentaculum tali (medial shelf for talus) 3. Posterior talar articular surface 4. Middle talar articular surface 5. Anterior talar articular surface 6. Articular surface for cuboid bone

F. Navicular Bone (Thieme pgs. 446-447) G. Cuboid Bone (Thieme pgs. 446-447) H. Cuneiform Bones: Medial, Intermediate, and Lateral ((Thieme pgs. 446-447) I. Metatarsals: 1-5 (Thieme pgs. 446-447) J. Phalanges: 1-5: Proximal, Middle, Distal (Thieme pgs. 446-447) Lower Extremity Soft Tissues (Anatomage: Cadaver 1 : presets 5 and 6) (Anatomage: Hi-Res Lower Leg : preset 2) and (Anatomage Hi-Res Knee: preset 4) The Knee A. Anterior Knee (Thieme pgs. 412, 430-436, 486) 1. Quadriceps Tendon 2. Patellar Ligament 3. Medial Meniscus 4. Lateral Meniscus B. Posterior Knee (Thieme pgs. 416, 430-436, 467, 469, 479, 487) 1. Anterior Cruciate Ligament 2. Posterior Cruciate Ligament 3. Medial (Tibial) Collateral Ligament 4. Lateral (Fibular) Collateral Ligament 5. Popliteal Artery 6. Popliteal Vein 7. Tibial Nerve The Leg and Foot A. Anterior Muscles of the Leg (Thieme pgs. 438-439, 443) 1.Tibialis anterior muscle 2.Extensor digitorum longus muscle 3.Extensor hallucis longus muscles 4.Fibularis tertius muscle B. Anterior Veins, Arteries, and Nerves of Leg ( Thieme pgs. 466-470, 490-491) 1. Anterior Tibial Artery C. Lateral Muscles of the Leg 1.Fibularis longus muscle 2.Fibularis brevis muscle D. Lateral Veins, Arteries, and Nerves of Leg (Thieme pgs. 466-470, 490-491) 1. Common Fibular Nerve 2. Deep Fibular Nerve 3. Superficial Fibular Nerve E. Posterior Muscles of the Leg (Thieme pgs. 440-441, 444-445) 1. Gastrocnemius muscle (medial & lateral heads) 2. Soleus muscle 3. Plantaris muscle 4. Flexor Digitorum Longus muscle 5. Flexor Hallucis Longus muscle 6. Tibialis Posterior Muscle F. Posterior Leg Veins, Arteries, and Nerves (Thieme pgs. 466-470, 488-449) 1. Tibial Nerve 2. Posterior Tibial Artery

3.Posterior Tibial Vein 4. Great Saphenous Vein G. Dorsal Surface of Foot (Thieme pgs. 490-491) 1. Dorsalis Pedis Artery 2. Extensor Retinaculum H. Plantar Surface of Foot (Thieme pgs. 492-493) 1. Plantar Aponeurosis 2. Plantar Nerve (Medial and Lateral Branches)

Week #5 Upper extremity shoulder and arm List of structures to know Histology Lab 1. Striated muscle (Marieb pg. 93) (Junqueira fig 10-1, 10-6) 1. Nucleus 2. Muscle Fiber 3. A Band 4. I Band

b. Neuromuscular Junction (Marieb pg. 252) (Junqueira fig 10-13) a. Motor Neuron Axon b. Axon Terminal c. Skeletal Muscle

3. Dense regular connective tissue (Marieb pg. 87) (Junqueira fig 5-20) a. Collagen fiber b. Fibroblast c. Ground Substance

3. Adipose (Marieb pg. 83) (Junqueira fig 6-1) a. Adipocyte

Bones of the Upper Extremity 1. Scapula Bone (Thieme pg. 295) 1. Acromion 2. Coracoid process 3. Glenoid cavity 4. Scapular notch 5. Inferior angle 6. Supraspinous fossa 7. Spine of scapula 8. Infraspinous fossa 9. Subscapular fossa

b. Humerus (Thieme pg. 296) 1. Head of the humerus 2. Greater tubercle 3. Lesser tubercle 4. Deltoid tuberosity 5. Radial groove 6. Radial fossa 7. Coronoid fossa 8. Olecranon fossa 9. Lateral epicondyle 10. Medial epicondyle 11. Trochlea 12. Capitulum

b. Soft Tissues of The Upper Extremity (Anatomage: Cadaver 3: Presets 2 and 4) (Anatomage: Hi-Res Upper Arm: Presets 2, 3, 4, and 5) 1. Shoulder Girdle Muscles (Thieme pgs. 308-313) -Deltoid muscle -Supraspinatus muscle -Infraspinatus muscle -Teres minor muscle -Subscapularis muscle

-Teres Major muscle

a. Shoulder Girdle Veins, Arteries, and Nerves (Thieme pgs. 360 and 376-377) a. Axillary Nerve b. Axillary Artery c. Suprascapular Nerve d. Suprascapular Artery

2.

Arm Anterior Compartment Muscles (Thieme pgs. 304-307) a. Coracobrachialis muscle b. Biceps Brachii muscle c. Brachialis

a. Arm Anterior Compartment Veins, Arteries, and Nerves (Thieme pgs 360-364, 382) 1. Median Nerve 2. Ulnar Nerve 3. Musculocutaneous Nerve 4. Brachial Artery 5. Cephalic Vein 6. Basilic Vein 7. Median Cubital Vein b. Ar

m Posterior Compartment Muscles (Thieme pgs. 308-311) 1. Triceps Brachii Muscle 2. Anconeus Muscle b. Arm Posterior Compartment Veins, Arteries, and Nerves (Thieme pgs 360-364) 1. Radial Nerve

Week #6 Upper extremity forearm and hand List of structures to know UPPER EXTREMITY BONES OF FOREARM & HAND 1.

Radius Bone (Thieme pgs. 320-321) (lateral same side as thumb) 1. Head 2. Neck 3. Radial tuberosity 4. Styloid process of the radius (lateral) 5. Ulnar notch ( where ulnar head fits into radius) b. Ulna Bone (Thieme pgs. 320-321) (medial same side as pink ) 1. Olecranon process 2. Trochlear notch 3. Coronoid process 4. Radial notch (where radial head fits into Ulna) 5. Head of the ulna 6. Styloid process of the ulna (medial)

b. Scaphoid (Thieme pgs. 338-339) c. Lunate (Thieme pgs. 338-339) d. Triquetrum (Thieme pgs. 338-339) e. Trapezium (Thieme pgs. 338-339) f. Trapezoid (Thieme pgs. 338-339) g. Pisiform (Thieme pgs. 338-339) Capitate (Thieme pgs. 338-339) h. i. Hamate (Thieme pgs. 338-339) 1. Hook of the Hamate b. Metacarpals (Thieme pgs. 338-339) 1. 1-5 b. Phalanges (Thieme pgs. 338-339) 1. Proximal, Middle, Distal, 2-5 2. Proximal, Distal, 1

Soft Tissues (Anatomage: Forearm Hi-Res: Presets 6 and 7)(Anatomage: Cadaver 3: Presets 2 and 4) 1. Forearm Ventral/Palmar Compartment Muscles (Thieme 328-329, 333 1. Brachioradialis Muscle 2. Pronator Teres Muscle 3. Flexor Carpi Radialis Muscle 4. Palmaris Longus Muscle 5. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris 6. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscle g. Flexor Digitorum Profundus Muscle h. Pronator Quadratus i. Flexor pollicis longus

b. Forearm Ventral/Palmar Compartment Veins, Arteries, and Nerves (Thieme pgs 364, 384-386) 1. Median Nerve 2. Ulnar Nerve 3. Radial Artery 4. Ulnar Artery b. Forearm Dorsal Compartment Muscles (Thieme pgs. 330-331, 335-337) 1. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle 2. Extensor Digitorum Muscle 3. Extensor Digiti Minimi 4. Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Muscle 5. Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Muscle 6. Abductor Pollicis Longus Muscle 7. Extensor Pollicis Longus Muscle 8. Extensor Pollicis Brevis Muscle 9. Extensor Indicis Muscle 10. Supinator Muscle

b. Forearm Dorsal Compartment Veins, Arteries, and Nerves (Thieme pgs. 364, 390) 1. Radial Nerve

b. Hand muscles a. Thenar Muscle Group Hypothenar Muscle Group c. Hand Ligaments a. Transverse Carpal Ligament b. Palmar Carpal Ligament

Week #7 Axial skeleton List of structures to know Bones of the Axial Skeleton (Anatomage: Any cadaver: View bones of axial skeleton and axial muscles) (Anatomage: Hi-Res Spine: Preset 2) 1. Vertebrae (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar) (Thieme pgs. 7-11) 1. Spinous Process 2. Transverse Process 3. Vertebral Body 4. Vertebral Foramen 5. Pedicle 6. Lamina 7. Superior/Inferior articulating facet joints 8. Transverse foramen (Cervical only)

b. Ligaments and Discs of spine (Thieme pgs. 22-23) 1. Ligamentum Flavum 2. Interspinous ligament 3. Supraspinous ligament 4. Intervertebral Disk 1. Annulus Fibrosus 2. Nucleus Pulposus b. Atlas (C1) (Thieme pgs. 8-9, 18) i. Posterior Arch ii. Anterior Arch iii. Vertebral Foramen iv. Transverse Process v. Transverse Foramen vi. Superior/Inferior Articular Facet Joints b. Axis (C2) (Thieme pgs 8-9, 18) i. Dens (Odontoid Process) ii. Spinous Process iii. Transverse Process iv. Transverse Foramen v. Vertebral Foramen vi. Superior/Inferior Articular Facet Joints b. Sacrum (Thieme pgs. 12-13) i. Apex ii. Base iii. Sacral Canal iv. Sacral ala v. Superior Articulating Facet vi. Sacral Foramina vii. Median Sacral Crest b. Coccyx (Thieme pgs. 12-13) i. Body of the coccyx ii. Coccygeal Cornu b. Coccyx (Thieme pgs. 12-13) c. Clavicle (Thieme pgs. 294) i. Acromial End ii. Sternal End iii. Shaft of Clavicle iv. Conoid Tubercle v. Groove for Subclavius Muscle b. Sternum (Thieme pgs 56-58) i. Manubrium ii. Body iii. Xiphoid Process b. Ribs (Thieme pgs. 59-61) i. Head ii. Costal Tubercle iii. Costal Angle iv. Body (Saft)

v. Costal Groove Soft Tissues of The Axial Skeleton 1. Superficial muscles of the back (posterior) (Thieme pg. 24) 1. Trapezius m. upper (descending part), middle (transverse part) and lower (ascending part) 2. Latissimus dorsi m. 3. Rhomboid minor m. 4. Rhomboid major m. b. Intermediate muscles of the back (posterior) (Thieme pg. 24 and 28) 1. Levator scapulae m. 2. Serratus anterior m. 3. Serratus posterior superior m. 4. Serratus posterior inferior m. b. Anterior Neck Musculature (Thieme pgs. 618-621) 1. Sternocleidomastoid muscle 2. Suprahyoid Muscles (group of muscles) 3. Infrahyoid Muscles (group of muscles) 4. Platysma (superficial) b. Erector Spinae Muscles (CERVICAL) (Thieme pgs. 26-29) 1. Splenius capitis m. 2. Splenius cervicis m. 3. Semispinalis capitis m. b. Erector Spinae Muscles (THORACIC) (Thieme pgs. 28-29) 1. Spinalis thoracis m. 2. Longissimus thoracis m. 3. Iliocostalis thoracis m. b. Erector Spinae Muscles (LUMBAR) (Thieme pgs. 28-29) 1. Iliocostalis lumborum m. b. Deep musculature of the back (Thieme pgs. 28-29) 1. Multifidus m. 2. Quadratus lumborum m b. Chest Musculature (Thieme pgs. 304-305) 1. Pectoralis Major Muscle 2. Pectoralis Minor Muscle 3. Subclavius Muscle b. Abdominal Musculature (Thieme pgs. 144-145) 1. Rectus Abdominis Muscle 2. Transverse Abdominis Muscle 3. External Oblique Muscle 4. Internal Oblique Muscle b. Abdominal Soft Tissues (Thieme pgs. 144-145) 1. Linea Alba 2. Umbilicus...