Hssb0100t chaptestb - Additional test PDF

Preview

Summary

Additional test...

Description

Answer Key Chapter Test B Multiple Choice 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

b a a c c a d a

9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

c b a b c a c

Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company

Short Answer 16. whether planting seedlings

17.

18.

19.

20.

in different types of soil will affect the growth rate of the plants independent variable: soil type; dependent variable: plant height at 10 days; constants include: type of seedling, light, water, container. qualitative: soil appearance; quantitative: height of plant Answers will vary, and might include type or size of container, watering schedule, amount of light, type of seedling, and so on. No, because a theory must be supported by a large amount of data and account for a large number of observations.

22.

23.

24.

25.

successful it will be in a particular environment. Successful adaptations are passed on to future generations. The beaks provide an advantage to the individual, which increases the chances of the individual surviving and reproducing. The successful adaptation is passed on to future generations and gradually becomes more common in a population. Beaks are adapted for food types specific to particular habitats. Yes, because birds that eat insects would be very successful on such an island, and the trait would be passed on. More similar; the different finch species evolved gradually.

21. Beak size and shape would

influence what the bird is able to eat and how

Answer Key

1

CHAPTER

Chapter Test B

Multiple Choice Choose the letter of the best answer. (15 credits) 1. Scientists use scientific thinking to test

5. Which of the following statements is

true of the many parts of the biosphere?

a. data. b. hypotheses.

a. Each part is isolated from the others.

c. observations.

b. Each part is completely unique.

d. conclusions.

c. Each part is connected to all the

2. Which is true about a dependent variable

CHAPTER 1 Biology in the 21st Century

1

BIOLOGY IN THE 21ST CENTURY

others. d. Each part includes salt water.

in an experiment? a. It is the experimental data. b. It is manipulated by a scientist.

increases from the

c. It never changes during the

a. poles to the equator.

experiment. d. It is not affected by the independent variable.

b. equator to the rainforest.

3. When scientists are “evaluating results”

as a part of scientific thinking, they mainly observing

evaluating results

Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company.

6. On Earth, biodiversity generally

forming hypotheses

c. east to the west. d. north to the south. 7. Only individuals belonging to the same

species are able to a. respond to stimuli in the same way. b. inhabit a particular ecosystem. c. use similar metabolic processes. d. reproduce by interbreeding.

analyzing data

testing hypotheses

8. Organisms use energy for all chemical

FIG. 1.1

processes. Together, all of these processes are called

a. explain data they collected and

a. metabolism.

analyzed. b. collect data from other scientists. c. examine prior research on a topic. d. use statistics to analyze their data.

b. negative feedback. c. adaptation. d. homeostasis.

4. Scientific theories can change when

scientists a. prepare and test different hypotheses. b. criticize existing data. c. provide conflicting scientific

evidence. d. prove an alternate theory. Assessment Book McDougal Littell Biology

Chapter Test B

15

CHAPTER 1 Biology in the 21st Century

CHAPTER TEST B, CONTINUED 9. Which is the correct description of

evolution? a. relationship between organisms’

structure and function b. beneficial inherited trait that is passed to future generations c. change in the genetic makeup of a population over time d. change in biodiversity across Earth’s surface 10. Which phrase best describes an

ecosystem? a. all living things and the places on

13. Which of these biological advances was

most likely achieved through molecular genetics? a. identifying the virus that causes

polio b. exploring frog deformities caused by parasites c. identifying disease-causing genes d. searching for signs of life on other planets 14. Figure 1.2 shows two uses of

biotechnology. Process B differs from process A because it relies on

Earth where they are found b. organisms interacting with each

genes for producing human insulin

microorganisms

other and with nonliving things in a certain region c. the variety of organisms on Earth or in a particular area of the biosphere d. a group of living things that can interbreed to reproduce

dough

m i croo rga ni sm s

14 13 12 11 10 9

11. Which of the following are most

lin su In

f

t be ia

s ic

1m L

A

B

FIG. 1.2 a. behaviors and negative feedback b. reproduction and development

a. transgenic organisms.

c. interactions with nonliving things

b. genomics.

d. dependence on other organisms

c. microorganisms. d. genetic screening.

12. Computer modeling would most likely

have to be applied to which of these biological research topics?

16

15. An understanding of biology helps you

evaluate important issues based on

a. how sugar levels in an athlete’s

a. hypotheses.

muscles change during exercise b. how West Nile virus might spread among a population c. how a drug to treat cancer affects laboratory rats that have cancer d. how different amounts of fertilizer change crop yields

b. economics.

Chapter Test B

c. evidence. d. opinions.

Assessment Book McDougal Littell Biology

Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company.

important for an organism to maintain homeostasis?

D or

CHAPTER TEST B, CONTINUED

(5 credits) FIG. 1.3

Seedling

Soil

Soil Appearance

1

potting soil

damp, light

2

sand

dry, coarse

3

clay

wet, heavy

Plant Height at 10 Days

CHAPTER 1 Biology in the 21st Century

Short Answer Use the information in the table below to answer items 16–20.

16. Three identical seedlings are planted and the height to which each one grows is recorded

in the table above. The plants have identical containers, water, and light. What is a researcher testing with this experiment?

17. Identify the independent variable, dependent variable, and one constant in this

Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company.

experiment.

18. Identify each of the two types of data recorded for each plant as either qualitative

(descriptive) or quantitative (numerical).

19. What other characteristics might be manipulated—used as the independent variable—in

a similar experiment?

20. Will this experiment likely result in a scientific theory?

Assessment Book McDougal Littell Biology

Chapter Test B

17

CHAPTER 1 Biology in the 21st Century

CHAPTER TEST B, CONTINUED

Use the diagram below to answer items 21–25. (5 credits)

small insect eater A

cactus eater B

seed eater

bud, leaf, and fruit eater

C

D

FIG. 1.4

21. Figure 1.4 shows a small sample of different finch species that evolved on the Galápagos

Islands. Why are the different sizes and shapes of the finches’ beaks considered to be adaptations?

22. How do successful adaptations, such as the finch beaks in the illustration, become

23. What evidence in the illustrations indicates that each type of bird evolved in a different

area of the islands, each with different environmental conditions?

24. Do you think finch A’s feeding adaptations would continue to be common in a

population if the birds established themselves on a different island overrun with insects? Why or why not?

25. Many generations back, were these birds likely to be more similar or more different?

Why?

18

Chapter Test B

Assessment Book McDougal Littell Biology

Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company.

more common in a population?...