Humanistic Existential Therapy PDF

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● Treatment techniques (carl Rogers) ○ Client-centered therapy ○ Active and empathic listening ○ Reflection of content and feelings ○ Genuineness which may include appropriate self-disclosure by counselor ● Gestalt therapy (Frederick Perls) ○ Person centered awareness ○ Respect ○ Emphasis on experience ○ Social responsibility ○ Relationship ■ Effective for managing tension/anxiety/drug addiction (depression) ■ Things that can prevent person from living productive life ■ Overall, people who participate feel more calm/at peace with this style of therapy ○ Focus individual on the here and now rather than the past; ■ Wouldn’t ask person to write things in a journal for the past week; concerned with current things and how they handle with these issues ○ Client “owns” and take responsibility for thoughts, actions, exp, and feelings ● Treatment techniques: ○ Role play ○ Open chair technique - similar to role play but client would say things and therapist assist client on what to say to an individual ○ Dialogue - create dialogue for specific situations ○ Discussing dreams - dream interpretation ○ Interpreting body language ● Group and Family therapy ○ Saves therapist time and client’s money ○ No less effective than individual therapy ○ Group of people discuss issues and interact w/ one another ● Special type of group therapy ○ Family therapy - another form of group therapy but difference is that in regular group therapy, individuals don’t know eachother but in family everyone knows each other; so views family as a system. ○ No one person is an island ● Self-help and support groups ○ Groups like AA, GA, Narcotics Anon., ○ Individual meets and talk about their problems; help them to deal with that addiction one day at a time. (meet on a regular basis) ● Medical and Biological Treatments ○ Antipsychotic drugs

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■ Dopamine receptor blocks - block dopamine receptors in brain ■ E.g. schizophrenia (don’t experience too many emotions called flat affect) ● Negative - might see there but it’s not there (deficit) ● Positive - adds to schizophrenia patients ○ Antianxiety drugs ○ Antidepressants and mood stabilizers ○ Herbal and natural products ■ Only psychiatrists can prescribe medication; psychologist cannot ○ Effective treatment often combines both medication and psychotherapy General anxiety disorder ○ Excessively nervous, tense, worrying more than necessary on most days for at least 6 months ○ IMpairs functioning; sleep problems & anxiety related physical complaints are common ○ Used to be called “free floating anxiety “ ○ Affect about 1/20 adults (5%) is more common in women and may be associated w/ substance abuse or depression Panic disorder ○ Recurrent unpredictable attacks of intense physical terror plus continual worry about having the next attack ○ Attack includes 4 or more of these; pounding heart, sweating, trembling, breathless, choking feelings, nausea, chest pain, dizzy, feeling out of control or that you might die, terror ○ Limits person’s activity (agoraphobia) ○ 4% of adults, 2-3X as many women ■ Have fear of having an attack in public so develop agoraphobia Agoraphobia ○ Fear of going out (away from your safe place) ■ Situations may be difficult to escape from or where help may be unavailable ■ Fear that going out may cause panic attacks ○ Person may avoid particular situations (shopping/transportation/large crowds) or maybe totally housebound Cause of panic disorders ○ Biological differences in body responses ■ Increased sensitivity to body responses (artificially causing body changes) can trigger panic attack ○ Social cognitive approach ■ Panic is due to differences in cognitive interpretation of bodily sign ● Due to how people think about those bodily signs; what source

of those might be → trigger panic attack ● Phobias ○ Persistent intense irrational fear of particular situations or things ○ Fear leads to avoidance that interferes w/ normal activities ○ Often linked to traumatic experiences ○ Most common is social phobia (fear of humiliation or embarrassment in social situations) ○ “Specific phobias” ■ Found more in women than men ■ Is now distinct from anxiety disorders ● OCD ○ Repetitive intrusive thoughts (obsessions) ○ Repetitive behavioral rituals (compulsions) ○ Feel driven to engage in those behaviors- otherwise experience intense anxiety ■ Common compulsion - handwashing/cleaning; checking things; counting things; putting things in order ● Is not distinct from anxiety disorders ■ 2% of population will experience OCD at some point in their lives ● OCD related disorders ○ Hoarding disorders ○ Hair-pulling disorder (trichotillomania) ○ Skin-picking disorder (excoriation) ○ Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) ■ Individuals cannot stop thinking about a flaw in their appearance; avoid things like mirror and become obsessed with the appearance of their bodies ● PTSD ○ Anxiety & feelings of helplessness after an extreme trauma, keep thinking about trauma ○ May have recurring nightmares or flashbacks ○ Over-response to associated cues, avoidance of associated situations, and numbing of emotional responses ○ Anxiety causes difficulty concentrating, irritability memory problems, sleep problems, physical symptoms, exaggerated startle response ○ May be delayed; persists at least a month ○ Is not distinct from anxiety disorders ● Depression and mood disorders ○ Sadness, feel helpless, hopeless, worthless ○ No energy, apathetic, nothing matters ○ Can’t make decisions, complete tasks

○ Selective memory for negative events ○ Suicidal thoughts or actions ~15% kill themselves ● SAD - seasonal affective disorder ○ People tend to get depressed or low around fall possible but mainly winter months; higher altitudes experience mood disturbances with chances of weather due to reduce level of lights → affect mood ●...