HW3 - assignment PDF

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HW #3 Compare and Contrast the Modal Model of Memory with Baddeley's model of Working Memory and provide experimental evidence for the phonological loop, making sure you describe 1) the phonological similarity effect, 2) the word-length effect, and 3) articulatory suppression. This will be broken down into the following questions on ANGEL. 1. Please List the 3 components of the Modal Model of Memory and state the length of time each component holds information. (3 points) The three components of the Modal Model of Memory are sensory memory which has a very short duration of less than 1 second, short term memory which has a brief duration of 15 to 30 seconds, and long term memory which is semi-permanent, and lasts either a few weeks, months, or even years. 2. Please list the 4 components of Working Memory and state their function, which component was most recently added and what deficiencies in the model was it meant to address? (5 points) The four components of working memory are the phonological loop, the episodic buffer, visuospatial sketch pad, and the central executive. The phonological loop is responsible for retention of verbal and auditory information. The phonological loop is divided between the phonological store which has a limited capacity and holds information for a few seconds, and the articulatory rehearsal process which is responsible for rehearsal which is the process which keeps items in the phonological store from decaying rapidly. The visuospatial sketch pad is responsible for holding visual and spatial information, hence the name. The central executive is the cross bridge between the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketch pad. This is where the majority of working memory occurs by pulling information from long term memory and coordinating the activity of the phonological loop and the visual sketch pad by focusing on specific parts of a task and deciding how to split attention between different tasks. The episodic buffer is the component which was most recently added and it was created to address that working memory can retain more information than would be expected based on the phonological loop or the visuospatial sketch pad. The episodic buffer is a method of communication between working memory and long term memory and can store information to provide extra capacity. 3. Short Term Memory is the component of the Modal Model that is most closely related to WM, as it has many functions which are similar to the Phonological loop which is a component of working memory. (1 points) 4. Apart from the different components we talked about in questions 1 & 2, what is the main conceptual difference between the Modal Model of Memory and Baddeley and Hitch’s Working Memory model. (2 points)

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The main conceptual difference between the two theories is that Modal’s model of memory emphasizes that memory can be not very long lasting to long lasting or semi-permanent, compared to working memory being a limited capacity system for short term storage. Working memory does not include long term memory. What is the phonological similarity effect? (1 pts) Phonological similarity effect is the tendency to confuse letters or words which sound similar over letters which look similar. What does the phonological similarity tell us about the phonological loop? (2 pts) This effect tells us the phonological loop has a dominant effect on our brain and makes listening a priority over sight. What is the word-length effect? (1 pts) The word length effect is a person’s ability to better retain lists of short words over lists of long words. This is because our memory decays over time. What does the word-length effect tell us the phonological loop? (2 pts) The word length effect tells us that shorter lists of words are better preserved than longer lists of words because the phonological loop has a limited memory capacity. What is articulatory suppression? (1 pts) Articulatory suppression is when memory performance is impaired due to a person speaking while being given an item to remember. What does articulatory suppression relate tell us about the phonological loop? (2 pts) Articulatory suppression tells us that because the phonological loop is reliant on auditory stimuli, when repeating nonsense syllables, it is harder to commit words to memory which impairs the articulatory rehearsal process that is crucial in remembering words....