Idoc.pub tobira-translation word PDF

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traduzione degli yomimono di tutte le unità per "lingua giapponese 3-2"...

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2. The trip I took the other day was quite fun. The hotel I stayed at was quite nice, and the food wasn't bad either. 3. I'm not very good at painting, but I think this turned out fairly well.

-t ? a;t Ii 1. A: Tanaka missed class today, didn't she?

B: Come to think of it, yesterday she said that her stomach hurt. She might be sick. 2. A: I went to my friend's birthday party yesterday. B: Ah, that reminds me that tomorrow's my mother's birthday. I forgot! 3. A: Look, haven't we seen that person over there somewhere? B: Now that you mention it, I do get the feeling that we've met him somewhere before. a\) ~tl.'? t 1. If you read this book, you'll understand clearly that

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3. 4. 5.

ancient Greece, like Japan, also had a variety of different gods. In Japanese class, we learned that in Japan there are a lot of religious customs and events, but not many fervent believers in religion. This university is known as a high-quality institution. Fast food has a variety of characteristics. First, we can say that it is quick and cheap. In order to receive a scholarship, you must write an essay on why you want to study in Japan.

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@ ~l;t.~t -:>Zl.' 1. The movie is scheduled to start at 7:00 p.m.

2. According to the survey, it turns out that 25% of this university's student population are graduate students. 3. The rule is that only foreigners who have not lived in Japan for more than a year can participate in the speech contest.

Reading] 1

■ The God of Manga: Tezuka Osamu Currently, throughout the world, fans of Japanese popular culture, such as Japanese manga, anime, games, pop character merchandise, and Japanese pop music, are increasing in number. Overseas, manga refers to Japanese comics, and anime refers not to animation such as Disney's but to Japanese animation. Also, TV games, which originated in Japan, have spread throughout the world as video games. Japanese popular culture has influenced the economy, culture, and fashion of many different countries, and those products create (lit. become) a big market from a business standpoint as well. So, what is the origin of this pop culture? We could say it is Japanese story manga (manga which tells a story). Right now, Japanese story manga are enjoyed throughout the world: they are translated into many

different languages, such as those of Asia, Oceania, and Europe; made into books; and read by a growing number of readers. Also, because many anime, television programs, games, and other things are made based on original manga, the fans of manga, anime, film, television dramas, and games all influence each other and thereby bring in new fans. Japanese story manga , as an example of media content, have become a big business. (Graph: Japan's anime market) (Graph: The game software market (estimated)) On top of that, Japanese manga are even changing the way that Europeans and Americans read books. In the US, a Japanese manga weekly for young boys was published in 2002, and a (Japanese) manga weekly aimed at young girls was published in the following year. Until then, European and American books and magazines were generally read by flipping the pages from right to left, but, because of requests from manga fans who said, "We want you to make them in the same style as Japanese manga, reading from top right to bottom left," the Japanese manga magazines sold in the US began to be made in the style in which the pages open from left to right , the same as in Japan. What is the appeal of Japanese manga, then? The first thing that comes to mind when thinking about that subject is the name Tezuka Osamu. Long ago, even in Japan, manga was thought of as something for children, but Tezuka established it as a method of presenting a story similar to a novel or film, and changed it so that even adults could read and enjoy it. He created the prototype for the Japanese story manga of today. After World War II, Tezuka Osamu graduated from medical school and received a Doctor of Medicine degree, but he became a manga artist instead of becoming a physician. When he died in 1989 at the age of 60, he left over 700 manga stories. His real name was Osamu (written with the character meaning "healing") but it is said he decided on his pen name, Osamu (written with the characters meaning "healing" and "bug"), because he had liked insects since his childhood. His trademark was his beret and his round glasses on his round nose, and figures resembling him often appear in his manga. (Photo of Tezuka Osamu) (Manga self-portrait by Tezuka) (Tetsuwan Atomu (Astra Boy)) The first of his manga to become a television animation was a science fiction manga about a young boy robot called "Tetsuwan Atomu." In the 1960's, it became popular with children and also triggered the subsequent boom in science fiction anime. It was broadcast on television in countries in Asia , Europe, and the US as well, so there are probably many people who know of it. Besides that, there are many other Tezuka works which were made into anime or films and translated into various languages all over the world, including Janguru Taitei (Kimba the White Lion), Ribon no Kishi (Princess 189

Knight), Dororo, Hi no Tori (Phoenix), Budda (Buddha), Burakkujakku (Black Jack), and Adorufa ni Tsugu (Adolf). Tezuka's manga contain various themes including religion, philosophy, medicine, the arts, history, science fiction, the universe, and nature; they teach about the value of life, the greatness of nature, the meaninglessness of war, and the future of mankind through interesting and entertaining drawings and easy-to-understand language, instead of difficult language or theories. When laughing while reading a manga full of Tezuka's characteristic onomatopoeia, the reader is also made to think deeply about the fact that humans live and die. Tezuka was wonderful because not only did he draw manga, he also nurtured the manga artists who would follow him. He took care of the young people who gathered around him dreaming of becoming manga artists by helping them find places to live or jobs; he trained many of them to become manga artists and then sent them out into the world. And, the following generation of manga artists grew up reading the manga of Tezuka and those artists he had trained. There is probably no Japanese manga artist today who has not been influenced by Tezuka. People call Tezuka Osamu "the God of Manga" with love and respect and also with the feeling that he was a person with talent surpassing that of a human. If Tezuka Osamu had not existed, we may not have had the current boom in anime and manga. We wonder what Tezuka, up in the sky, would be thinking about the fact that the things he left behind are now having an impact throughout the world.

Reading 2

■ Japanese Onomatopoeia Have you heard the interesting phrases Ame ga ziizii furu (rain pours down) or akachan ga yochiyochi aruku (the baby toddles) before? Have you used this kind of phrase before? Words such as ziizii and yochiyochi, which express sounds or appearances, are known as onomatopoeia. There are three types of Japanese onomatopoeia: giseigo, or words that express human or animal voices; giongo, or words that express the sounds of objects, and gitaigo, which express actions (movements) and appearances. Which category do you think the following phrases fit into? 1. 2. 3. 4.

]nu ga wanwan (to) hoeru. (The dog barks.) Chaimu ga pinpon to naru. (The chime rings.) Onaka ga suite pekopeko da. (I am starving!) Mizu o gokugoku (to) nondeiru. ((Someone is) gulping water.) 5. Matasarete iraira shita. (I was irritated at being made to wait.) 6. Doa ga batan to shimatta. (The door closed with a bang.) It is said that Japanese is the language with the most onomatopoeia in the world. Why do you think so many are used? Actually, Japanese is a language which has few verbs to start with; for example , in Japanese, there are no other verbs corresponding to the verb warau (to laugh,

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smile), but in English there are many: "laugh," "smile," "giggle," "grin," and "guffaw." If we express each of these words in Japanese, they are nikkori/nikoniko warau (smile), kusukusu warau (giggle), niyari to warau (grin), and geragera warau (guffaw), respectively; that is, we express them by adding onomatopoeia (when necessary) before the verb warau. Onomatopoeia words are used in order to give variation to verbs. Furthermore, there is a tendency for onomatopoeia not to be used very often when speaking in formal situations or when writing. By the way, the place where a lot of onomatopoeia is used is Japanese manga. Think about what state each of the onomatopoeia in the manga on the following page represents. Shin is a word that represents a state of silence, and it is said that the manga artist Tezuka Osamu created the word. When looking at how the word shin is translated in the popular manga One Piece, which is read in 16 countries around the world, it is said that it is written as "hmmmmm" in the English edition, giving it a completely different meaning, and that nothing is written in the Spanish edition. What could be written in Chinese, Korean, or Arabic? If you were to express the word shzn in your own country's language , what word would you want to use? Onomatopoeia words appear to be interes ting and simple, but actually, there are very complex rules for how they are used. For example, look at the examples given earlier. There are various examples, such as those where to comes before the verb and those where it is not necessary, those which are used with suru, those written in hiragana, and those written in katakana. Furthermore, the image changes depending on whether a sound is unvoiced or voiced, and the feeling changes a lot if there are prolonged sounds or glottal stops (small tsu). What differences do you sense between the examples on the right and left below? Examples: korokoro vs. gorogoro shzn vs. shin sarasara vs. zarazara biibii vs. bubbu shitoshito vs.jitojito wahhahha vs. hahaha If you become skilled at using onomatopoeia, your Japanese speech will sound more natural. And, when you cannot find the right phrase, by replacing the image with a sound, you can express what you want to say to your listener. If you have the chance, try using onomatopoeia actively (dondon).

Actual examples of onomatopoeia in manga: 1) What state or sound do you think each manga 's onomatopoeia represents? 2) For the manga in Ib, 2b, 3a, and 4a, do you have to start with the left-most or the right-most frame?

Dialogs

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Explaining a difficult situation/Making complaints and stating grievances Haruka:

Dialog 1: Mike explains the situation of the room he is renting to his landlord.

Mike: Landlord, do you have a moment? Landlord: Oh, Mike, good evening. What's up? Mike: Um, there's something that's troubling me... Landlord: Did something break again? Mike: No, it's not that...oh, well, there is that too, but... Actually, the student who moved into the room next door last week is loud late at night, and I can't sleep. Landlord: Oh, Kobayashi, right? Mike: Yes, his friends come every evening and talk loudly and boisterously until late at night, play loud music (lit. their music is loud), and run noisily up and down the stairs. I gave him a warning once the other day, but he hasn't been quiet at all... Landlord: Wow, he looked serious, though... (I'm surprised). Mike: He's not serious. Even though he's still a student, he drinks often. He smokes a lot, too. Landlord: Oh, really. I'll have to caution him. Mike: In any case, could you please tell him to be quiet at night? Landlord: I understand. I'll give him a good warning. By the way, weren't you saying that something broke? Mike: Oh, it's the toilet. It's not that it's broken, but 1 can hear a strange gurgling sound coming from the pipe. It also looks like the water doesn't flow well. Landlord:Oh, I see. Something might be clogging it, so I'll have a look at it tomorrow. Mike: Yes, thank you. I'm sorry for making requests all the time. Landlord: No, it's fine. You pay the rent on time every month and keep your room clean, so I think I'm renting the room to a good tenant. Mike: Really? Thank you very much. Well, I'm sorry to bother you, but thank you for your help. Dialog 2: Monica, who was reading a Japanese magazine, asks Haruka a question.

Monica: Hey, Haruka, what's your blood type? Haruka: What? ... my blood type? It's Type A. Why do you ask such a thing? Monica: I was just reading an article called "Personality Traits by Blood Type." Haruka: Oh, so that's why. Monica: It's interesting to think that you could know someone's personality from his or her blood type, isn't it? But, can you tell by that? It says here that Type A people are serious and work well with others, Type B people are optimistic and do things at their own pace, Type O's are broad-minded and hate to lose, and Type AB's

Monica: Haruka:

Monica: Haruka:

Monica: Haruka:

have a strong personality and have a tendency to have two personalities (e.g., they can behave in different ways on similar occasions). I wonder if it's true. Well, I don't believe it at all, but I think there may be quite a few people who do. Things related to blood type are really popular in Japan, after all. Really? What kind of things? For instance, things like fortune-telling by blood type. This tells which (combination of) blood types make a good or bad couple, and things like that. On top of that, I've heard there are books like How to Get Along with a B-type Person, and even blood type rankings. Really? Rankings for what? Anything! For example, I heard that in the case of men, for the blood types that are popular (with women), the first is Type 0, the second is Type A, the third is Type AB, and the fourthis Type B. Other than that, I've heard there are blood-type rankings indicating things like which people are able to become rich in the future or which people easily catch cold. No way! That's weird, isn't it? You can't tell that kind of thing from your blood-type. Yeah, I agree. There's no way that there are only four types of human beings, right?

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Monica: (J) Yeah, you're right. The other day, a friend of ; Haruka: mine told me that I must be Type 0. Monica: Really... why? Because I hate losing, she said. It kind of ticked me off.

Haruka: It's not that you hate losing, but you are a hard worker, and, on top of that, you're broad minded. Monica: Really... I don't know. But, I sort of want to know which blood type Jam. Haruka: They say that right now anything relating to blood type makes money (lit. becomes business). It seems that Japan's blood-type fortune-telling is also quite popular in Asian countries. Monica: Oh, really... Maybe in the future, blood-type fortune-telling will become a part of Japanese pop culture. Haruka: Oh, maybe you're right! That's a good point, Monica.

Grammar notes Sentence a { Z-11/ f tt. -r 11/ t,; -t-,>} Sentence 0 I. A: Excuse me, Professor. I have a job interview this Friday and have to miss class, so I won't be able to take the test. B: Is that so? Well then, please come to my office on Thursday, that is, the day before to take it. A: Sure. I'll come to your office on Thursday, then.

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Japan's "otaku (nerd) culture" has spread throughout the world, and there are even some who say that it has 191

become one of the representative cultures of Japan. So, what could be the reason for the otaku culture's global spread?

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1. Exercise is good for your body. What's more, it's

good mentally, too. 2. The recent cell phones let you not only take pictures,

but send e-mail, too. On top of that, you can also access the Internet and watch TV. This is not a phone anymore. 3. Japanese kanji have both on-readings and kun readings, so they're hard to memorize. Moreover, there are character combinations that have special readings, like hitori and kyo, so learning kanji takes a lot of time.

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Noun(Particle) ;t I. I'm so busy, I don't even have time to sleep. 2. I hear Tom loves Japanese food. Apparently he even eats natto. 3. I love traveling and I've traveled all over the world. I've even been to Antarctica. 4. That person can understand what animals say. He can even communicate with cats and dogs. 5. This conference drew people from all over the world. There were even participants from Russia, which is the furthest from here.

0 ~Ji;JLt I. This site is designed for cell phone access, so it's hard to view on a computer. 2. There are lots of films that, although made for children, are still enjoyable for adults to watch. 3. In papers like Nihon Keizai Shinbun and The Wall Street Journal, many articles are written with businessmen in mind. 4. The Silver Seat found in Japanese trains and buses is a seat for elderly and for weak-bodied people.

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I. Thephilosopher Pascal said that man is a thinking reed. 2. With this many people reading it, it must be an interesting book. 3. People used to think that that story wasn't true, but it turned out recently that it is. 4. You often hear of people growing to like food they didn't like as children. 5. I' m using an older-model cell phone, so I can' t send e-mail with it.

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Verb-masu ti:9 l . In the middle of the picnic it suddenly started to rain. 2. The baby burst out crying, so its mother hurried to give it milk. 3. The inventor of instant ramen is a man named Ando Momofuku. 4. I was happy when I finally found the book after spending about an hour at the library searching for it.

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(J) ~f.i:l.'~11{f.i:1,,11,,t,i:1,,} I. There are no students in this class who don't do their homework, and no students who don' t let the teacher know if they're going to be absent, either. 2. There's no young person who likes anime who hasn't seen Hayao Miyazaki's films. 3. Every living being on earth needs oxygen and water. 4. All storms (lit. rain) eventually cease. Don't be depressed. Cheer up.

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t.: o X

I . The Japanese Ministry of the Environment is the

equivalent of the American Environmental Protection Agency. 2. There are no words in English that correspond to the Japanese itadakimasu and gochisosama. 3. She's my mother's older sister's daughter, so that makes her my cousin. 4. In Japanese, the word that corresponds to the English "president" is shacho for the president of a company, gakucho for the president of a university, and daitoryo for the president of the United States. There are different words depending on the position, so be careful (which you use). Sentence ( t 1,' ? ) ;: t 1: t..: o The fact that the e-mail bounced must mean that this address is no longer in use. 2. The rent's gone up, so it ends up that I'll have to move. 3. If I don't take the time to study now, I might end up unable to graduate later on.

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Japanese students study hard through high school , but they have a tendency to slack off once they enter college. 2. Japanese people tend not to say good things when talking about their family members. 3. People who first learned to speak Japanese through casual speech have a tendency to make frequent mistakes with particles. 4. You can see that young people tend to eat fast food more often than their elders. G) ( t l,) Sentence t l, f.: ':>

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I. Suppose you had a time machine, what time would you want to go back to and who would you want to meet? 2. If I were to pick one among these dictionaries, after all I'd probably decide on the electronic one. 3. If you don't understand this question, that means that you didn' t study much. Noun ;1Jf~9 o I . The desk is wobbly, so it's hard to write on. 2. The stars are twinkling. They are so pretty! 3. Before...