Indirect Object Pronouns PDF

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an indirect object differs from a direct object in that the action of the verb affects it indirectly, the action of the verb is done to or for the indirect object o compare  direct object: I brought the book  indirect object: I brought my sister the book.  indirect object: I brought the book to my sister.  indirect object: I brought the book for my sister. o an indirect object answers the question “to/for whom?”; in English, an indirect object may either sand alone or be introduced by to/for; in Italian, the indirect object noun is always introduced by a/per; the indirect object is always introduced be a/per indirect object pronouns differ from direct object pronouns only in the third-person singular/plural forms --1st person 2nd person 3rd person 3rd person 3rd person o

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SINGULAR mi ti gli le Le

--to me to you to him to her to you (formal)

PLURAL ci vi loro (gli)

--to us to you all to them

Loro

to you all (formal)

indirect object pronouns normally precede a conjugated verb (except for loro/Loro which follow the verb)  examples  Non le danno molti soldi come cameriera. (They don’t give her much money as a waitress.)  Gli ho offerto un caffè. (I offered him a cup of coffee.)  in contemporary usage, loro is often replaced with gli (which precedes the verb)  Quando parliamo loro? (When shall we speak to them?)  Quando gli parliamo? (When shall we speak to them?) with the exception of loro, indirect object pronouns governed by an infinitive normally follow the infinitive and are attached to it; the infinitive drops the final “-e”  examples  Ho bisogno di parlarLe. (I need to talk to you.)  Preferiamo non dirti niente. (We prefer not to tell you anything.)  Perché’ avete deciso di non scrivere loro? (Why did you decide not to write to them?)  if the infinitive is governed by the verb dovere, potere, or volere, the pronoun may either be attached to the infinitive or precede the entire verb phrase  Posso parlarLe? (May I talk to you?)  Le posso parlare? (May I talk to you?)  Non dobbiamo rispondergli. (We mustn’t answer him.)  Non gli dobbiamo rispondere. (We mustn’t answer him.) when the verb is in a compound tense and an object pronoun precedes it, it’s important to know whether the object pronoun is direct/indirect in order to use the correct form

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of the past participle; the past participle can agree with the preceding direct object pronoun; it never agrees with a preceding indirect object pronoun  Patrizia? L’ho vista ieri ma non le ho parlato. (Patricia? I saw her yesterday, but I didn’t speak to her.) some Italian verbs take an indirect object when their English equivalents take a direct  examples  Telefono a Mario per la cena. (I am calling Mario for dinner.)  Gli telefono adesso. (I am calling him now.)  the most common of these verbs are…  bastare (to suffice; to last)  chiedere (to ask)  domandare (to ask)  dire (to tell)  dispiacere (to be sorry)  fare bene (to be good for)  fare male (to be bad for; to hurt)  piacere (to please)  rispondere (to answer)  somigliare (to resemble; to be like)  assomigliare (to resemble; to be like)  rassomigliare (to resemble; to be like)  telefonare (to phone)  volere bene (to love)  Signora, chi Le ha risposto? Non accettiamo le prenotazioni in questo ristorante. (Ma’am, who answered you? We don’t accept reservations at this restaurant.)  Il fumo gli fa male. (Smoking is bad for him.)  Telefonate agli amici; telefonate loro (gli telefonate) ogni giorno. (You call your friends; you call them everyday.)  Somiglio a mia madre; le somiglio nel naso. (I resemble my mother; my nose is like hers)...